Law on museums and museum funds of the Russian Federation. Law on the museum fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the latest edition. What laws regulate this?

Federal Law 54 is aimed at regulating the activities of museums in the territory Russian Federation. The legal framework for the creation and use of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as its position and status, is prescribed. The articles of this law apply to all institutions – both already existing and those being created.

The Federal Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums of the Russian Federation” was adopted on April 24, 1996. Structurally, the document is divided into chapters that create legal basis the following aspects:

general provisions of the Law on Museum Affairs of the Russian Federation;
regulations on the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;
state and non-state parts of the Museum Fund;
museums in the Russian Federation;
ensuring accessibility for citizens;
liability for violations of this law.

General provisions The Law on Museums regulates the scope of application of Federal Law 54, as well as the basic principles of legislation related to this area. The first chapter provides the basic concepts used in the document and the principle of state regulation in this area.

Chapter about Museum Fund of the Russian Federation regulates the following issues:

presentation of the museum fund as part of the cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia;
state registration of exhibits and collections;
museum collection;
the procedure for including and excluding objects and collections in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;
state catalogue, principles of its maintenance;
export of objects and collections of museums outside the country;
features of civil circulation of exhibits;
accounting and storage individual species objects and collections.

State part is regulated by Chapter 3 and prescribes the following standards:

composition of the state part of the Museum Fund;
forms of ownership and management of related objects and collections;
principles of state control and support of said property.

Similar provisions are regulated by the chapter on non-state part. It additionally includes an article on the procedure for conducting transactions with relevant exhibits.

Chapter 5 regulates the principles and legal framework activities of museums in Russia. Regulations Federal Law 54 the following aspects are prescribed:

creation of museum institutions;
definition of museum-reserves;
the goals of creation and the order of organization of both state and non-state institutions;
procedure for reorganization and abolition of established institutions;
types of museum activities.

Law 54 Federal Law regulates ensuring accessibility of the Museum Fund, as well as the procedure for publishing exhibits. Responsibility for violation regulations are divided into general provisions and norms applicable to officials. IN final provisions the procedure for the entry into force of the Law on Museums is included. It is also envisaged to bring other legislative acts up to date with this document.

The Law on Museums came into force on the day of official publication - May 26, 1996. at this moment it has undergone a number of changes and amendments aimed at eliminating inaccuracies and ambiguity. The current version of the document was last updated in July 2016.

Download the Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums”

Download the Federal Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums of the Russian Federation” V latest edition Can . The document contains the latest changes and amendments. The text will be in demand for workers and officials this area of activity, as well as human rights activists who study this area of legislation in depth.

Latest changes made to the Federal Law on Museums

The latest revision of the Law on Museums was carried out July 3, 2016. The amendments affected the following provisions:

V Article 3 of Federal Law 54 The wording of the fifth paragraph has been changed, the sixth and eighth paragraphs have been edited;
revised version of part 1 st 4;
Article 5 of Federal Law 54 supplemented by parts 2-5, regulating the presence of museum objects and collections in the state or non-state part;
articles 6-10 The Law on Museums is set out in a new edition;
V Article 12 of Federal Law 54 wording edited;
the second chapter has been expanded Article 12.1 about the features of accounting and storage individual categories exhibits;
edited wording of part 2 Article 13;
V article 14 Part 1 was adjusted, part 2 was presented in a new edition, parts 3 and 4 were introduced on museum property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
article 15 no longer valid;
edition changed Article 16 Federal Law 54 on the management of objects and collections;
edited parts 1 in articles 17 and 18;
Articles 20-22 Federal Law 54 have lost their validity;
V Art. 23 Part 1 was corrected, in part 2 a new version of the third paragraph was introduced and the wording of the fourth was changed;
name changed Article 24 Law on Museums;
Article 25 Federal Law 54 presented in a new edition;
V article 27 the wording of part 2 was adjusted, part 4 was introduced about the possibility educational activities museum institutions, former part 4 is recognized as part 5;
Art. 32 completely changed its wording;
V Article 35 Federal Law 54 in part 2 the fourth paragraph was edited and a new one was added, part 3 is presented in a new edition, part 4 is corrected;
article 37 on liability for violations of the Law on Museums has completely changed its wording;
Art. 38 Part 2 on responsibility for timely registration of exhibits with state registration was added.

The above changes are current as of July 2017. They are aimed at updating legal framework in connection with general changes in legislation, as well as when new provisions are introduced into the document.

The legislation of the Russian Federation proclaims the right of every person to access cultural values, humanitarian and artistic education, ownership of cultural values, and the right to create organizations, institutions and enterprises in the field of culture.

Legislation on museum affairs is part of the legislation on culture and, as such, in a certain way correlates with other branches of law - civil, administrative, criminal, customs law. It regulates this sphere of activity and regulates the social relations that develop in it.

According to the definition of K.E. Rybak museum law is “a complex (synthetic) sub-branch of law, representing a system legal norms, established by the state and intended to regulate public relations related to the circulation of cultural property, identification, study, protection, restoration and use of historical and cultural monuments, collecting, aesthetic education, art education, and other activities aimed at preserving, distributing and developing cultural property " (92).

The sources of museum law are the fundamental legislative acts of the Russian Federation - the Constitution, Civil Code, Criminal Code (articles dealing with theft, smuggling, non-return to the territory of the Russian Federation of objects of artistic, historical and archaeological property, etc.), Labor Code. This area is regulated by a number of laws of the Russian Federation: “Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture” (1992), “On the export and import of cultural property” (1993), “On specially protected natural areas” (1995), “On non-profit organizations” (1996) , "On licensing of certain types of activities" (1998), "On copyright and related rights" (1993).

Legal regulation of museums and culture in general is carried out not only at the federal level, but also at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and authorities local government. They have been given powers to regulate the financing, creation, reorganization and liquidation of most cultural institutions, including museums, the appointment of their managers, the construction of buildings and structures, the development of adjacent territories, and control of the rental conditions of buildings, premises and other property of cultural organizations.

Beyond the laws this area is also regulated by by-laws - orders and circular letters of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and other departments related to the subject of museum law.

The subject of museum law is such areas of museum activity as economic, expert, scientific and methodological, educational, exhibition, etc.

Legal support of museum activities, regulatory regulation complex conflicts arising in the museum business became the subject of special consideration in 1996, when the first Federal Law in the history of Russia “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” was adopted.

The Law defines the scope of its application: peculiarities the legal status of the Museum Fund (hereinafter referred to as the MF) and museums of the Russian Federation, all existing and newly created museums in the Russian Federation. In our opinion, the formulation of “feature” is inaccurate. It would be more adequate to the essence of the problem to use the term “specificity”.

The collections of museums, which for various reasons closed in the late 1980s and first half of the 1990s, were actually outside the scope of the Law. Their fate seems to be outside the scope of the adopted Law, since it applies to newly established and operating museums.

The law determines which acts constitute the actual legislation on the MoF and museums. This is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals of Legislation on Culture, this law, federal laws adopted in accordance with it and other regulatory legal acts - both of the Russian Federation and its subjects. It establishes the priority of the law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” in relation to other acts affecting the museum sphere.

The law quite correctly defines both the composition of the basic concepts with which it operates and their content: cultural values, museum object, museum collection, museum fund, museum, storage, publication.

The law provides for state regulation in the field of museums and the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation. Its main task is to determine the boundaries and conditions of state regulation of property and non-property personal rights and obligations in the field of museums and MF, as well as state control in relation to museum objects and collections included in the MF - at the level of the state as a whole and its constituent entities. These functions on behalf of the Russian Federation and the subject are carried out by a federal or regional executive body, which is entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture by the government of the Russian Federation or the highest executive body of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.

The Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” calls the museum object and the museum collection the main constituent elements of the MF. The law proclaims that the objects and collections included in the MF “are an integral part of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation.” This provision has important practical and security significance.

The law provides for the division of the MoF into state and non-state parts. "Museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are assigned to state museums and other state institutions with the right of operational management"(v. 16). This provision, naturally, does not apply to the non-state part of the MoF. The law also provides for state support for the state part of the Ministry of Finance (financing, guarantees of compensation for damage caused to museum objects and collections, tax and other benefits, special forms of support) and the non-state part (provision of state restoration institutions for carrying out restoration work, ensuring the transfer of museum objects and collections to storage in state storage facilities, partial compensation of costs for ensuring the safety of museum objects and collections, tax and other benefits). As you can see, the forms of support vary.

The forms of state control are also different. For the state part, this is: checking the state of preservation and storage conditions of museum objects and collections; sending requests and obtaining information about them necessary for the implementation of state accounting of the MF. For non-state museums, it has been additionally introduced to “raise the question before the owner about changing the storage location or alienating museum objects and museum collections transferred to the management of non-state museums, in cases provided for by this Federal Law.”

The law establishes in the most general form restrictions on access to museum objects and collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in museums (Article 35). This provision should be developed and supplemented, taking into account the inherent specificity of museums of various groups. It seems quite acceptable, for example, to restrict access to collections of reference samples and some others.

The topic of property rights and property is one of the main ones. According to the Law, the procedure for the establishment, operation and liquidation of state and non-state museums has some features. The owners of museum objects and museum collections can be the state, municipalities, private individuals, and “other forms of ownership” are also allowed.

The Law does not reflect one very common form of ownership, namely collective, that is, the ownership of various communities - joint-stock companies, cooperatives, public associations. The law also did not define the rights and obligations of various categories of owners in relation to museum objects and collections.

The Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation”, by necessity, determines the most general properties, qualities, characteristics, relationships and relationships of museums, leaving aside the specific features inherent in different groups of museums belonging to different categories of owners. It defines a museum as a non-profit cultural institution created by the owner for the storage, study and public presentation of museum objects and museum collections (Article 3) or, further, for the storage, identifying and collecting study, publication of museum objects and museum collections and carrying out educational and educational activities(v. 27).

These provisions do not fully take into account the specifics of museums of various groups. So, for example, museums of scientific institutions “serve” a certain branch of science, they are created for storing, collecting, studying and, to a much lesser extent, publicly presenting museum objects and collections that have the special properties of reference samples, type specimens.

Inclusion-exclusion, civil circulation, alienation of museum objects and collections that make up the collections of museums in this group also have their own specifics. These collections, as a rule, do not belong to museums, but to research institutions, which can dispose of them in accordance with how their management understands their tasks.

The accounting and storage of museum objects and collections in such museums also had their own characteristics compared to museums under the patronage of the Ministry of Culture (formerly the USSR, now the Russian Federation). These features were determined both by the departmental affiliation of science museums and by the special properties and qualities of museum objects and collections selected for their collections (remember - standard samples, type specimens). The characteristics of museums of different groups should be taken into account when developing new regulatory documents and when making changes and additions to those currently in force.

The positive significance of the Law “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” is difficult to overestimate. However, with its adoption a number of problems remained unresolved. Thus, the Law does not even mention departmental museums; the question of who is their owner - the state represented by the department or directly those organizations whose structural divisions the museums are - remains legal terms unsettled. Meanwhile, the situation has now become more complicated: not only educational, but also research non-governmental institutions are being established; it became possible to create non-state museums. This conflict is not provided for or permitted by law.

It should also be noted that in modern legislation related to museum affairs, there are contradictions and inconsistency of a number of provisions. As an example, let us look at how the problem of cultural values is developed in it. This concept is in regulatory documents last decades XX century began to be used as the main one instead of the concept of “historical and cultural monument”. They ranked objects according to their value (i.e. significance) to society. Based on a certain set of characteristics, objects were recognized or not recognized as having one or another cultural value, were included (or not) in the cultural heritage and were protected accordingly.

The definition of cultural values given in the “Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture” combines the ideal and the objective, which distinguishes them from other domestic acts and UNESCO conventions, two of which (“Convention on measures aimed at the prohibition and prevention of illegal import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property" of 1970 and the "Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" of 1972) were ratified by the USSR only in 1988. The use of the concept "movable" in the "Law on the Export and Import of Cultural Property" should be considered incorrect. objects" along with the concept of "cultural values", the inconsistency of this latter with the concept of "cultural heritage".

The desire to highlight the most valuable part of the heritage and ensure, first of all, its preservation and transmission to future generations was the reason for the appearance of the Presidential Decree “On especially valuable objects of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation” (1992) and related provisions (on especially valuable objects and on the expert council). Objects that not only represent “material, intellectual and artistic value”, but have the properties of reference and uniqueness were classified as especially valuable. Particularly valuable objects were subject to inclusion in the State Code and could be submitted to UNESCO for inclusion in the World Heritage List. Unfortunately, the decree did not correlate the concept of “particularly valuable object” with the concepts of “monument”, “cultural value”, “cultural heritage”; it did not indicate on the basis of what criteria the “material, intellectual and artistic value of a reference and unique character." Also, ranking principles were not outlined that would allow one to objectively decide on the issue of classifying them as particularly valuable objects and on the necessary and sufficient number of objects to allow preserve the quality of the national cultural and natural heritage. It should be noted that these principles cannot be qualitatively identical for especially valuable objects - cultural values ("historical, cultural and natural complexes, architectural ensembles and structures") and especially valuable objects - "producers" of cultural values ("enterprises, organizations, institutions culture").

Continuation of work on the creation of a package of legislative acts that adequately reflects the problems of preserving and using cultural heritage in general and its individual parts, the establishment, operation and liquidation of museums of various groups, clearly establishing the forms and methods of managing them, seems to be a task of paramount importance today.

A representative selection of regulatory documents governing modern stage activities of museums are given in collections prepared by the State Historical Museum: “Russian culture in legislative and regulatory acts. Museum work and protection of monuments. 1991-1996” (M., 1998) and “Russian culture in legislative and regulatory acts. Museum work and protection of monuments. 1996-2000" (M., 2001). The collections contain documents covering general questions the work of museums, problems of financial and economic activities of museums, the preservation of cultural heritage, the protection and use of immovable historical and cultural monuments, the interaction of religious organizations with museums and monument protection authorities, as well as documents on particularly valuable objects of cultural and natural heritage, on the import, export and restitution of cultural property, accounting and storage of museum property, ensuring the safety of museums.

Museum centers- these are organizations and institutions carrying out research activities in the field of museology, mainly the theory, history and methodology of museology. Museum history centers can be independent or exist under some organizations and institutions (museums, institutes, etc.); they may be public, public or private; may have the status of national (nationwide), regional and even local; can be complex and specialized (profiled).

The formation and development of museological centers occurs in close connection with the development of museology and the museums themselves.

The content of their activities is determined by the meaning given to the concept of “museology (museology)” in a particular country, a particular region (of the world or a country). In accordance with whether museology belongs to the sciences or not and whether it includes theory and methodology or only questions of methodology, museological centers can be divided into groups.

In almost all countries of the world there are and numerically predominate museum research centers of an applied nature, dealing mainly with issues of museum methodology.

In museum-developed countries with a wide infrastructure of museum institutions, research centers and professional communities, the efforts of researchers are aimed at a philosophical understanding of the museum phenomenon, which predetermined the corresponding orientation of a number of museological centers in them. Theoretical research carried out in this direction by the Union of Museums and the Department of Museology at the University of Leicester ("Leicester School"), formed in the 1970-1980s, is known. "Cologne School" and others.

The first attempt to create an international museology center in developing countries within ICOM - the working group on museology - took place in 1980 at a symposium in Mexico City. National museum centers operate in a number of countries. Let's name some of them: the Center for Museum Studies at the Federal Department of Antiquities in Nigeria, the School of Museology at the Directorate of Museums and Monuments (Havana), etc.

In Russia and Eastern European countries, museologists paid great attention to developing ideas about museology as a science with its own object and research method. These problems occupied one of the central places in the activities of their museum centers.

Theoretical problems of museum affairs were discussed at museum congresses convened starting from the second half of the 19th century century, and in museological periodicals (about them, see the corresponding section). At congresses and on the pages of periodicals, attempts were made to justify the general cultural and scientific status of museums. The international conferences on museum affairs that were regularly convened after the First World War played the same role. Gradually, societies and professional organizations emerged that focused their work on the network of museums and their functional and scientific support. The problem of the formation of the museum profession began to be linked with the affirmation of the status of museology as a science. This issue occupied a certain place in the activities of other scientific societies. The issue of the need to create a unified scientific and methodological center was discussed at the Preliminary Congress of Museum Workers in 1912.

A significant role in the process of self-identification of museology was played by the XI General Conference of the International Council of Museums in Moscow-Leningrad in 1977, at which the International Committee on Museology (ICOFOM) was created. The first issue of ICOFOM's publication - the magazine "Museological Working Papers" - was devoted to the topic "Museology - a science or just practical work?" The main task of the Committee, which still exists today, is to coordinate research in the field of museology. The results of research in this area conducted by scientists different countries, were discussed at ICOFOM sessions.

Applied aspects of museology were developed by specialized ICOM committees, as well as specialized international associations of museums (architectural, science and technology museums, theater museums and libraries, history museums medical sciences and many others). Associations periodically convene congresses to discuss current issues development of museology and museum affairs, cover these problems in their periodicals and other publications.

There are also schools, courses, and institutes for museology. The most famous museology centers in the world are schools and institutes of museology in Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, the Institute of Museology in Berlin, the Office of Museology at the Slovak National Museum in Bratislava, the Department of Museology at the University of Prague, the Central Museology Office of the National Museum in Prague, the National Center museology at the National Museum of Natural History (Santiago), the Department of Museology at the Museum of Natural History (Paris), the Center for Museum Applied Science for Archeology at the University of Pennsylvania and several others.

In the Russian Federation in the 1920s. issues of museology were discussed at museum and local history conferences, developed by specially created divisions in the structure of the authorities state power and scientific institutions: the Commission on Museology under the subdivision of provincial museums of the department for museum affairs and the protection of monuments of art and antiquities of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR (1919), the Department of Theoretical Museology of the Historical Museum (1919 - the first half of the 1930s), the Methodological Commission of the museum department of the Main Science ( 1925 - no later than 1928), Commission on Museum Studies under state academy history of material culture (1920s), the Moscow Institute of Historical and Artistic Research and Museum Studies, etc. These divisions became the most important links in the system of museological centers; they published “Proceedings”, manuals, methodological recommendations had a huge impact on the development of museums in the country.

The Moscow Institute of Historical and Artistic Research and Museology was created in 1919 in Moscow at the Moscow branch of the State Institute of History and Culture, and in 1920 it ceased its activities, transforming into the Seminar of the Theory of Art and Museology. The Institute was conceived as a center for work in the field of theoretical museology and training of museum workers and began to carry out this work. For the same purpose, and also under the GAIMK, the Institute of Museum Studies was established in Leningrad in 1932. It was planned that he would conduct theoretical research in the field of museology on the basis of dialectical materialism. In 1933, its activities were curtailed. A group to study the goals of the largest Leningrad museums, created within the Institute, discussed the exhibitions of the MAE, the Russian Museum and some others.

The activities of the Department of Theoretical Museology of the Historical Museum (1918-1933) focused on general problems of studying the history of museum affairs. The name of the outstanding Russian museologist G.L. is associated with this museum center. Malitsky, largely through whose efforts a unique reference and information fund was created. The department worked in close contact with the People's Communist Party of the RSFSR, the Central Bureau of Local History, local museum management bodies, and a number of universities.

Created in the early 1930s. The Central Research Institute for Methods of Local History and Museum Work (now the Russian Institute of Cultural Studies) eventually became the leading museum studies center in the country. The institute still holds this position today. Its employees are developing a wide range of museological problems of both theoretical and applied nature. The “proceedings” of the institute and the monographic works it published are the most representative body of museological research in Russia.

In 1978, the Laboratory of Museology of the Museum of the Revolution was created, which became a major center for general theoretical research in the field of museum affairs. The results of her activities were reflected in fundamental works on terminological problems of museology, the history of museological thought, the theory of museum objects, and the main directions of museum activity.

In addition to the above-mentioned museological centers, the system of organizing scientific and methodological work that developed in the 1920-1930s. and existed until the end of the 1980s, included: scientific and methodological councils under the central governing bodies of museums, which resolved fundamental issues of museum affairs; head museums, which were scientific and methodological centers in relation to museums of the same profile or region; scientific and methodological departments of museums. Many elements of this system have been preserved, and new organizational forms are being sought.

A number of museums can also be classified as museological centers, since they conduct research activities in the field of “profile museology”, study museum objects, their attributive properties and interpretation capabilities, prepare for publication, create catalogs, reviews and monographic historical and cultural works The results of research activities of museums are reflected in scientific publications, museum publications and museological periodicals. In the course of conducting research work, museums organize conferences, symposiums, seminars, training courses, problem groups, creative teams, etc., thereby performing the functions of museological centers.

Museum studies centers make an important contribution to the formation of ideas about museum studies, its subject, object and method, place in the system of scientific knowledge, as well as about the museum, museum objects, museum collections, museum collections, laws and ways of their development.

museum item - cultural value, quality or special features which makes it necessary for society to preserve, study and publicly present it;

museum collection - a set of cultural values that acquire the properties of a museum object only when combined together due to the nature of their origin, or species kinship, or other characteristics;

The Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is a set of museum objects and museum collections subject to state registration and permanently located on the territory of the Russian Federation, the civil circulation of which is permitted subject to the restrictions established by this Federal Law; (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

museum - a non-profit cultural institution created by the owner for the storage, study and public presentation of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as to achieve other goals determined by this Federal Law; (as amended by Federal Laws dated 02/23/2011 N 19-FZ, dated 07/03/2016 N 357-FZ)

non-state museum federal significance- museum, special status which is determined by an act of the Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with this Federal Law; (as amended by Federal Law dated December 28, 2017 N 435-FZ)

storage is one of the main activities of the museum, which involves the creation of material and legal conditions under which the safety of the museum object and the museum collection is ensured;

publication is one of the main forms of museum activity, which involves all types of presentation to society of museum objects and museum collections through public display, reproduction in printed publications, on electronic and other types of media, posting information about museum objects and museum collections on the Internet information and telecommunications network. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 4. State regulation in the field of museums and the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

On behalf of the Russian Federation, property and non-property personal rights and obligations, as well as state control in relation to museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, are exercised by the federal executive body, which carries out the functions of developing and implementing public policy and legal regulation in the field of culture (hereinafter referred to as the federal executive body in the field of culture). (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

On behalf of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, property and non-property personal rights and obligations, as well as state control in relation to museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, are exercised by the authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture .

Chapter II. Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Article 5. Museum fund of the Russian Federation as part of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are an integral part of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

The Museum Fund of the Russian Federation consists of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation may be in state, municipal, private or other forms of ownership. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museums, other organizations, individuals who own, possess or use museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are obliged to provide in the manner established by the uniform rules for organizing the acquisition, accounting, storage and use of museum objects and museum collections approved by the federal executive body in the field of culture (hereinafter referred to as the uniform rules): (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

the physical safety of museum objects and museum collections, as well as the carrying out of restoration work by persons who have been certified by the federal executive body in the field of culture for the right to carry them out in relation to museum objects and museum collections in the manner established by the federal executive body in the field of culture; (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

safety of museum objects and museum collections, including the presence of registration designations assigned to them and security markings of museum objects and museum collections; (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

accounting of museum objects and museum collections, maintenance and preservation accounting documentation associated with these museum objects and museum collections. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The regulations on the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are approved by the federal executive body in the field of culture (hereinafter referred to as the regulations on the Museum Fund). (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 6. State registration of museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, regardless of whose ownership or possession they are, are subject to state registration.

State accounting of museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as state accounting), is a set of measures ensuring the identification and subject-quantitative accounting of museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund fund of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of their legal protection and government control.

State accounting is carried out:

when including museum objects and museum collections in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

when excluding museum objects and museum collections from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

when making changes to information about a museum object or museum collection included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

when carrying out transactions with museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

in other cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

State accounting consists of primary state accounting (hereinafter referred to as primary accounting) and centralized state accounting (hereinafter referred to as centralized accounting).

Primary accounting is carried out by state and municipal museums, state and municipal organizations that own or use museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, in accordance with parts nine to thirteen of this article.

The primary accounting of museum objects and museum collections that are in non-state (except municipal) ownership is carried out in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

Centralized accounting is carried out by entering information into the State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as the State Catalog) in accordance with this Federal Law.

When carrying out state accounting in order to include museum objects and museum collections in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, primary accounting and centralized accounting procedures are implemented.

Primary accounting includes:

examination of cultural property for the purpose of classifying them as museum objects and museum collections (hereinafter referred to as examination of cultural property);

primary registration of museum objects and museum collections subject to inclusion in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as primary registration).

In state and municipal museums, the examination of cultural property and the examination of museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, for the purposes of this Federal Law are carried out by the authorized collegial body of the museum, which owns or is in possession of museum objects and museum collections , including those subject to inclusion in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

In organizations other than state and municipal museums, examination of cultural property and examination of museum objects and museum collections, including those included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, for the purposes of this Federal Law are carried out in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

Primary registration is carried out by museums and other organizations that own or are in possession of museum objects and museum collections, in the manner established by uniform rules on the basis of an order from the head of the museum, other organization that owns or is in possession of museum objects and museum collections, including including those subject to inclusion in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, within a period of no more than 30 calendar days from the date of approval of the results of the examination of cultural property.

To carry out the initial registration, information about museum objects and museum collections is entered into the receipt book of the main fund of the museum (the main inventory book of the museum), the serial number of the entry in which is an integral accounting designation of the museum object or museum collection.

The main fund of the museum is the totality of the receipts of the main fund of the museum registered in the book of receipts of the main fund of the museum (the main inventory book of the museum) and stored in the museum, other organization of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

The form of the book of receipts of the main fund of the museum (the main inventory book of the museum), the composition and procedure for entering information into it are established by uniform rules.

Centralized accounting includes:

entering information about museum objects and museum collections that are subject to inclusion in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation in the state catalogue;

assigning each museum object and each museum collection a unique identification number.

Article 7. Museum collection (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The museum collection consists of museum objects and museum collections stored in the museum, included in the main and other funds of the museum, as well as documents and items from archival, library, film, photographic and other funds that serve the purposes of its creation.

The list of funds, which include museum objects and museum collections, other objects and documents that form the museum’s collection, is established by uniform rules.

Reflection of museum objects and museum collections on the balance sheet of the museum is not allowed.

The museum collection is indivisible.

Museum objects and museum collections that are not included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are subject to registration, storage and use in the manner established by uniform rules.

The provisions of this article apply to museums and other organizations that own, possess or use museum objects and museum collections.

Article 8. Inclusion of museum objects and museum collections in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museum objects and museum collections are considered included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation from the date of their registration in the state catalog.

The inclusion of museum objects and museum collections in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is carried out in the manner established by the articles of this Federal Law.

The inclusion of museum objects and museum collections that are privately owned in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of culture at the request of the owner in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

Article 9. Exclusion of museum objects and museum collections from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are not subject to exclusion from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, except in cases of loss, destruction, as well as lack of historical, cultural, artistic, scientific and other value, established by an examination carried out in relation to these museum objects and museum collections, the availability court decision, which entered into legal force.

The exclusion of museum objects and museum collections from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is carried out taking into account the conclusion of the examination carried out in relation to them, by decision federal body executive power in the field of culture in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

Museum objects and museum collections are considered excluded from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation from the moment the corresponding entry is made in the state catalog.

Article 10. State catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The state directory represents the federal government information system state registration of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, created in order to ensure their legal protection and state control.

The state catalog consists of:

register of museums, other organizations, individuals who own, possess or use museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the register of museums);

register of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the register of the Museum Fund);

register of transactions with museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the register of transactions).

The maintenance of the state catalog is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of culture, performing the functions of the operator of the state catalog. Based on a decision of the federal executive body in the field of culture, the authority to maintain the state catalog may be transferred to a subordinate institution.

The list of transactions subject to registration in the state catalog, the composition of information subject to inclusion in the register of museums, the register of the Museum Fund, the register of transactions, the procedure for their entry, as well as the composition of information posted on the official website of the state catalog on the information and telecommunications network "Internet", the procedure functioning of the state catalogue, the procedure for storing, processing and using the information contained in the state catalogue, the requirements for ensuring measures to protect this information are established by the regulations on the State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the regulations on the state catalogue), which is approved by the federal executive body in the field culture.

The entry into the register of the Museum Fund of information about museum objects and museum collections in the cases specified in paragraphs two and four of part three of this Federal Law is carried out by state and municipal museums, other state and municipal organizations that own or use museum objects and museum collections , subject to inclusion in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, through electronic interaction with the operator of the state catalog in the manner established by the regulations on the state catalog.

Inclusion in the state catalog of information about museum objects and museum collections owned or used by state and municipal museums, other state and municipal organizations, and transactions with them in the cases specified in paragraphs three, five and six of part three of this Federal Law is carried out federal executive body in the field of culture in the manner established by the regulations on the state catalogue.

The entry into the state catalog of information about museum objects and museum collections that are privately owned, and about transactions with them, is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of culture in the manner established by the regulations on the state catalogue.

The information contained in the register of the Museum Fund about museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is publicly available, with the exception of information whose distribution is limited by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and is provided to citizens free of charge by posting them on the official website of the state catalog in the information telecommunications network "Internet" in the manner established by the regulations on the state catalog.

Article 11. Export from the Russian Federation of museum objects and museum collections

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are not subject to export from the Russian Federation.

Temporary export of these items is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Export and Import of Cultural Property.”

Article 12. Features of the civil circulation of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation may be alienated or transferred from one person to another in the order universal succession or in any other way only with special permission from the federal executive body in the field of culture. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 12.1. Features of accounting and storage of certain types of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museums, other organizations, individuals who own, possess or use museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and containing precious stones and precious metals or related to subjects of geology, zoology, archeology , paleontology, weapons, state awards, state signs postal payment and other types of civil rights objects, the accounting, storage and use of which are subject to legal regulation legislation of the Russian Federation in relevant areas, carry out accounting, ensure storage and use of such museum objects and museum collections, taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Accounting and storage of musical instruments included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, belonging to the State Collection of Unique Musical Instruments of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the state collection of musical instruments), are regulated by this Federal Law, the regulations on the state collection of musical instruments, which is approved by the federal executive body in the field of culture.

Chapter III. State part of the museum fund of the Russian Federation

Article 13. Composition of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

The state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation includes museum objects and museum collections that are federally owned and owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regardless of whose ownership they are.

Museum objects and museum collections acquired after the entry into force of this Federal Law state museums and other government organizations at the expense of the founders or at the expense of their own or other funds, are part of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 14. Forms of ownership of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are state property. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Federal property includes museum objects and museum collections that are stored in museums and other organizations and that: (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

were in federal ownership (the property of the former USSR and the former RSFSR) before the entry into force of this Federal Law, regardless of the sources of income, or were acquired using funds federal budget(budgets of the former USSR and the former RSFSR); (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

acquired by state museums and other state organizations under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, on the grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The subjects of the Russian Federation own museum objects and museum collections that: (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

were owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (autonomous entities, cities of republican subordination, territories and regions of the former RSFSR) before the entry into force of this Federal Law, and were also acquired at the expense of their budgets; (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

acquired by state museums and other state organizations under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation are not subject to alienation from state property. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 16. Management of museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Management of museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of culture and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture, in accordance with their competence.

Museum objects and museum collections included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and in state ownership may be transferred to free use state and municipal museums and other organizations with the permission of the federal executive body in the field of culture on the basis of relevant agreements in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, musical instruments belonging to the state collection of musical instruments, with the permission of the federal executive body in the field of culture, can be transferred for use individuals on the basis of relevant agreements in the manner prescribed by the regulations on the state collection of musical instruments.

The forms of agreements specified in this article are approved by the federal executive body in the field of culture.

Article 17. State control over the state of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

State control over the state of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is exercised by the federal executive body in the field of culture and the executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

State control over the state of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is carried out in the following forms:

sending requests and obtaining information about museum objects and museum collections necessary for state registration of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

Article 18. State support of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and state museums in the Russian Federation

The Government of the Russian Federation and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are obliged to provide financial and other conditions necessary for the storage and use of museum objects and museum collections that are part of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and transferred to the operational management of state museums and other government organizations, as well as provide the necessary guarantees for compensation for damage caused to the specified museum objects and museum collections. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Part two - No longer valid (as amended by Federal Law dated August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ)

The Government of the Russian Federation and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can establish special forms of support for state museums in connection with the need to take additional measures to preserve unique historical and artistic complexes, as well as create the most favorable conditions for the activities of the largest state museums in the Russian Federation storing museum objects and museum collections of global importance.

Chapter IV. Non-state part of the museum fund of the Russian Federation

Article 19. Composition of the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and not related to its state part constitute the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

Article 23. State control over the state of the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and the activities of non-state museums in the Russian Federation

State control over the state of the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and the activities of non-state museums in the Russian Federation is exercised by the federal executive body in the field of culture. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

State control is carried out in the following forms:

checking the state of preservation and storage conditions of museum objects and museum collections;

raising the issue with the owner about changing the storage location or alienating museum objects and museum collections transferred for use to non-state museums and other non-state organizations, in cases provided for by this Federal Law; (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

sending requests and obtaining information about museum objects and museum collections necessary for state registration. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Article 24. Support for the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and non-state museums in the Russian Federation by state authorities and local governments (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

provide state restoration institutions for the restoration of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

ensure the transfer, if necessary, of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation for storage in state repositories;

Paragraphs four, five - Lost force (as amended by Federal Law dated August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ)

Article 25. Transactions with museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

When making transactions with museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, the party who has the civil rights and responsibilities in relation to these museum objects and museum collections, assumes obligations to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation.

When making transactions aimed at alienating museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, the state has a preemptive right to acquire these museum objects and museum collections. The procedure for the state acquisition of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

If the owner does not fulfill the obligations established by part one of this article, the state has the right to buy out mismanaged museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

The owner of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is obliged to notify the federal executive body in the field of culture about the transaction, subject to registration in the register of transactions, in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

Information about transactions with museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is not subject to publication and distribution, with the exception of the publication of such information on an initiative agreed upon by both parties to the transaction and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Implementation of the provisions provided for in parts two and three of this article preemptive right the acquisition or right to redeem mismanaged museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, on behalf of the state, is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of culture or by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture, in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Chapter V. Museums in the Russian Federation

Article 26. Creation of museums in the Russian Federation

Museums in the Russian Federation are created in the form of institutions to carry out cultural, educational and scientific functions of a non-commercial nature.

Article 26.1. Museum-reserves (as amended by Federal Law No. 19-FZ dated February 23, 2011)

Museum-reserve - a museum to which, in accordance with the established procedure, is provided land plots with places of interest located on them, classified as historical and cultural reserves, or ensembles.

The territory of the museum-reserve is the land plots specified in part one of this article, other land plots provided to the museum-reserve in the prescribed manner in connection with the creation of this museum-reserve, as well as during the period of its activity.

Along with the types of activities carried out by museums in accordance with this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the museum-reserve ensures the safety of cultural heritage objects transferred to it and access of citizens to them, and also carries out preservation, study and popularization specified objects.

The museum-reserve also has the right:

carry out activities aimed at preserving historically established types of activities within the boundaries of the museum-reserve (including maintaining traditional lifestyles and environmental management), carried out in established ways characteristic of a given territory, folk arts and crafts;

provide excursion services and information services;

create conditions for tourism activities;

carry out environmental protection measures;

carry out activities related to the maintenance and operation of infrastructure facilities (including buildings, residential premises and non-residential premises), vehicles, necessary for the museum-reserve to provide citizens with access to the cultural heritage objects provided to it, provide excursion services, and create conditions for tourism activities.

Article 27. Purposes of creating museums in the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law No. 19-FZ dated February 23, 2011)

The goals of creating museums in the Russian Federation are:

carrying out educational, research and educational activities;

storage of museum objects and museum collections;

identifying and collecting museum objects and museum collections;

study of museum objects and museum collections;

publication of museum objects and museum collections.

The goals of creating museum-reserves in the Russian Federation, along with the goals specified in part one of this article, are also to ensure the safety of cultural heritage objects transferred to the museum-reserve and access to them for citizens, to preserve, study and popularize these objects. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The goals of creating museum-reserves in the Russian Federation, along with the goals specified in parts one and two of this article, may be to ensure the regime of maintenance of a place of interest classified as a historical and cultural reserve, or an ensemble, and to preserve historically established types of activities within the boundaries of the territory of the museum-reserve. (including maintaining the traditional way of life and environmental management), carried out in established ways, characteristic of the territory, folk arts and crafts, providing excursion services, providing information services, as well as creating conditions for tourism activities.

Museums, including museum-reserves, along with activities aimed at achieving the goals specified in parts one to three of this article, can carry out educational activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on education. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The creation of museums in the Russian Federation for other purposes is not permitted.

Article 28. Procedure for establishing museums in the Russian Federation

Museums in the Russian Federation are established in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 29. Procedure for establishing state museums in the Russian Federation

State museums under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation are created, reorganized and liquidated in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation. The creation, reorganization and liquidation of state museums under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out in the manner determined by the highest executive body state power of a subject of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by the laws of the subject of the Russian Federation. dated 05/08/2010 N 83-FZ)

The land plots on which state museums are located are provided to them with the right of permanent (indefinite) use. (as amended by Federal Law No. 118-FZ dated June 26, 2007)

Article 30. Procedure for establishing non-state museums in the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated December 28, 2017 N 435-FZ)

The founders of non-state museums can be local government bodies, individuals and legal entities.

Non-state museums are created in the form of an establishment by local government bodies, individuals or legal entities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The assignment of museum objects and museum collections to non-state museums is carried out by the owner after their inclusion in the state catalog in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation with the right of operational management.

The charters of non-state museums are approved by their founders and registered in the prescribed manner.

Real estate assigned to non-state museums with the right of operational management can be seized by the owner only if this property is used for other purposes or in the event of liquidation of the museum.

The Government of the Russian Federation, upon the recommendation of the federal executive body in the field of culture, in accordance with the procedure approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, may grant a non-state museum the status of a non-state museum of federal significance.

Article 31. Reorganization of museums in the Russian Federation

The reorganization of museums in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Changing the objectives of museums as a result of reorganization is not allowed.

Article 32. Liquidation of museums in the Russian Federation (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

The liquidation of museums in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

During the liquidation of state and municipal museums, other state and municipal organizations, museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in these museums and organizations under the right of operational management or for free use, are transferred to operational management or for free use in other state and municipal museums, state and municipal organizations carrying out storage of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund:

by decision of the federal executive body in the field of culture - in relation to museum objects and museum collections that are in federal ownership;

by decision of the executive authority of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, agreed upon with the federal executive authority in the field of culture - in relation to museum objects and museum collections owned by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

by decision of the local government body, agreed with the federal executive body in the field of culture - in relation to museum objects and museum collections that are in municipal ownership.

During the liquidation of a museum, the owner of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and privately owned is obliged to notify the federal executive body in the field of culture about the liquidation of the museum and about the person who has assumed civil rights and obligations in relation to these museum objects and museum collections, in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund.

The provisions of this article apply to museums and other organizations that own, possess or use museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

Article 33. Types of activities of museums in the Russian Federation

Museums in the Russian Federation, in accordance with their constituent documents, can carry out activities that are not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation and correspond to the goals of the activities of museums in the Russian Federation, which are provided for by this Federal Law. (as amended by Federal Law dated 05/08/2010 N 83-FZ)

Museums in the Russian Federation, in accordance with their constituent documents, can carry out income-generating activities only insofar as this serves to achieve the goals provided for by this Federal Law. (as amended by the Federal Law

production of restoration work;

location of a museum object or museum collection in a museum storage facility (depositary). (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

other grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law dated July 3, 2016 N 357-FZ)

Museums organize and provide citizens with access to museum objects and museum collections in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the regulations on the Museum Fund and other regulations federal executive body in the field of culture. The procedure and conditions for access to museum objects and museum collections are brought to the attention of citizens by museums. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of July 3, 2016, Article 36. Publication of museum objects and museum collections

The right of first publication of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in museums in the Russian Federation belongs to the museum to which these museum objects and museum collections are assigned.

The transfer of rights to use for commercial purposes reproductions of museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in museums in the Russian Federation is carried out by museums in the manner established by the owner of museum objects and museum collections.

The production of visual, printed, souvenir and other replicated products and consumer goods using images of museum objects and museum collections, museum buildings, objects located on the territory of museums, as well as using their names and symbols is carried out with the permission of museum directorates.

Failure by officials to comply with the provisions of this Federal Law, namely:

illegal refusal to include a museum item in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

illegal exclusion of a museum item from the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

disclosure of confidential information about museum objects included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;

unlawful refusal to register transactions with museum objects -; (as amended by Federal Law No. 15-FZ of January 10, 2003)

entails administrative responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law 54 regulates any activity of all museums located on the territory of Russia, as well as all institutions of this type that will be created on this territory. Since the storage of exhibits with cultural and historical value is a task of national importance, it needs to be controlled, which is why the corresponding law was adopted. The processes and nuances of the activities of the Museum Fund of Russia are also described.

Description 54 Federal Law

The Law on Museum Affairs of the Russian Federation was adopted by the State Duma on April 24, 1996. Latest changes were added to it on December 28, 2017. Federal Law 54 on the museum collection of Russia contains 8 chapters and 40 articles. This law regulates and controls changes, provisions and legal nuances and foundations of the Museum Fund of Russia, and also regulates the processes and activities for the creation or changes of all museums of the Russian Federation already existing in the country, or created in the future.

Federal Law 173 in the new edition of 2018

Brief summary of Federal Law No. 54 on the Museum Fund and museums of Russia:

The first chapter describes the general provisions of the law. The goals, objectives and areas regulated by this law are listed. A list of other laws, regulations and acts that control the area described is given. A list of concepts and terms used in the law and their description are given. It is formalized how the state supervises and controls the creation and changes in the country's museums;
The second chapter describes the Museum Fund in detail. Information about the fund has been provided by the population; it is a cultural heritage. The process of entering information and maintaining state records is described. accounting of collections and objects stored and exhibited in museums across the country. The process of excluding information and entering it into the archives of the Museum Fund about all objects and collections stored and exhibited in institutions of the described type is also described. State issued catalog of the present area. The process and features of the import into and export from Russia of collectible, rare and valuable items are described. The nuances and processes of circulation of the listed categories of objects among citizens are also formalized;
Chapter Three describes exhibits and the features of their storage if they are in museums but belong to the state. The composition of objects included in the state is listed. fund system. The types and categories of forms of ownership that can be concluded in the state are described and listed. objects stored in museums. Information on methods and processes for managing the movement and use of state objects has been compiled. parts of the fund. The process and methods of control over the state part of objects are described. State support and ways to obtain it have been formalized;
Chapter number four describes exhibits and the features of their storage if they are in museums or in a fund, but do not belong to the state. The composition of non-state objects is listed. parts of the fund. Information about maintaining state supervision above him Part of the objects of the museum fund. State support for non-government has been formalized. parts of the museum fund and methods of obtaining it. The processes and methods of processing transactions, the subject of which are exhibits and objects stored in museums that are non-state, are described;
In the fifth year, museums located on the territory of the Russian Federation are listed and described. The process of creating and officially registering a corresponding institution in Russia has been formalized. A list of goals that can be specified when creating a museum is given. The list and order by which state and non-state, as well as other categories of museums are established, are listed. The process of reorganization and liquidation of the described type of objects is described in detail. A list of types and categories of activities in this area is given;
In city six, access to the museum’s objects has been provided for citizens, employees, officials and government officials. Access methods and accessibility categories are listed. The processes and nuances of publishing exhibits and objects were formalized;
The seventh formalizes liability for violation of the provisions of the described law. The responsibility of citizens and museum employees for violations of the terms and conditions of the law is described. The responsibility of officials for violations not only of the law, but also violations in relation to citizens according to the requirements of the law is formalized in detail;
The eighth contains additional conditions and final provisions and requirements of this Federal Law.

The described area is regulated not only by this Federal Law, but also by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, other Federal Laws and the Fundamentals of Russian Legislation on Culture.

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What changes have been made?

The latest changes to the law on the museum fund of the Russian Federation were made on December 28, 2017, with the adoption of Federal Law No. 435. Changes occurred in two articles of the law.

In the third article The second paragraph has changed. This paragraph defines the concept of cultural values. According to the changes, cultural values are material objects or items that are not tied to the time of creation, but at the same time carry value for citizens or the state in the fields of history, science or culture. Paragraph number seven was also added , which is why the former 7 and 8 paragraphs became 8 and 9. It explains the concept of a non-state museum of federal significance. According to the changes in state registration. Federal Museum meaning is an institution that has received a special status under the provisions of this Federal Law and thanks to the instructions of the Government of the Russian Federation.

In the latest edition, article number 30 has been completely changed. This article provides a complete and detailed procedure for establishing a non-state government. museums on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article provides information that the founders of this type of museum can be both individuals and legal entities, as well as local government bodies. These categories of persons establish a museum only in accordance with the rules of Russian legislation and register it as a special institution.

Also in article 30 of the law on museums it is written that exhibits and objects that will be exhibited in the institution can be assigned to them only after special registration. Negos. institutions must be included in a special catalog; the catalog contains information that the museum is organized on the basis of operational management. It is also mandatory to create and write a charter for the corresponding type of institution; such a charter is discussed by the founders, approved and registered. Any real estate assigned to the museum can be appropriated by the founders or the owner only if the property is not used, or is used for other purposes, or during the liquidation of the organization.

In exceptional cases, the Government has the right to grant a museum a certain status. If federated the body sends to the Government of the Russian Federation the information described in the law, the institution may be given the status of “non-state museum of federal significance.”

Download the text of the law on the museum fund and museums of the Russian Federation

Like any type or category of institutions, the field of creation and management of museums should be controlled by the state. This area is very important for the population, since the museums contain exhibits classified as cultural heritage countries. Therefore, every citizen is recommended to familiarize himself with the provisions presented in the latest edition of the described law.

Regulations on the museum fund of 1998.

The Federal Law on the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation came into force on May 26, 1996. The law consists of 8 chapters, which indicate the main provisions of the law.

Federal Law of May 26, 1996 N 54-FZ “On the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and Museums in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented)

Chapter I. General provisions

4 articles, one of them is devoted to basic concepts and terms:

cultural values- items of a religious or secular nature that are significant for history and culture and belong to the categories defined in Article 7 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Export and Import of Cultural Property”;

museum item- cultural value, the quality or special characteristics of which make it necessary for society to preserve, study and publicly present it;

museum collection- a set of cultural values that acquire the properties of a museum object only when combined together due to the nature of their origin, or species kinship, or other characteristics;

museum fund- a set of museum objects and museum collections permanently located on the territory of the Russian Federation, the civil circulation of which is permitted only in compliance with the restrictions established by this Federal Law;

museum- a non-profit cultural institution created by the owner for the storage, study and public presentation of museum objects and museum collections, as well as to achieve other goals determined by this Federal Law;

(as amended by Federal Law No. 19-FZ dated February 23, 2011)

(see text in the previous edition)

storage- one of the main activities of the museum, which involves the creation of material and legal conditions under which the safety of the museum object and the museum collection is ensured;

publication- one of the main forms of museum activity, which involves all types of presentation to society of museum objects and museum collections through public display, reproduction in printed publications, on electronic and other types of media.

· Chapter II. Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Art. Forms of ownership. Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation may be in state, municipal, private or other forms of ownership.

Art. about the composition of the museum fund. The Museum Fund of the Russian Federation consists of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

Art. about the state Cat. The state catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation is an accounting document containing basic information about each museum object and each museum collection included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

Art. Museum objects and museum collections, included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, are not subject to export from the Russian Federation.

Temporary export of these items is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Export and Import of Cultural Property.”

· Chapter III. State part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation
The state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation includes museum objects and museum collections that are federally owned and owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regardless of whose ownership they are.

Museum objects and museum collections acquired after the entry into force of this Federal Law by state museums and other government institutions at the expense of the founders or at the expense of their own or other funds are included in the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

The Government of the Russian Federation and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are obliged to provide financial and other conditions necessary for the storage and use of museum objects and museum collections that are part of the state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and transferred to the operational management of state museums, other government institutions, and also provide the necessary guarantees for compensation for damage caused to the specified museum objects and museum collections

· Chapter IV. Non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation
Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and not related to its state part constitute the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation.

State authorities and local governments, within the limits of their powers, can provide support to the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and non-state museums in the Russian Federation in various forms, including:
provide state restoration institutions for the restoration of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation;
ensure the transfer, if necessary, of museum objects and museum collections included in the non-state part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation for storage in state repositories;

· Chapter V. Museums in the Russian Federation

Article 26. Creation of museums in the Russian Federation.

Museums in the Russian Federation are created in the form of institutions to carry out cultural, educational and scientific functions of a non-commercial nature.

Article 27. Goals of creating museums in the Russian Federation. The goals of creating museums in the Russian Federation are: storage of museum objects and museum collections; identification and collection of museum objects and museum collections; study of museum objects and museum collections; publication of museum objects and museum collections and implementation of educational and educational activities.
The creation of museums in the Russian Federation for other purposes is not permitted.

Article 29. Procedure for establishing state museums in the Russian Federation. When a museum is established, along with federal executive authorities or executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation by other founders, the museum is registered as a state museum if its activities are financed from the relevant budgets by more than 50 percent.

In case of rental real estate assigned to state museums with the right of operational management, rental payments remain at the disposal of the museum and are used exclusively to maintain the technical condition of this real estate

Article 33. Types of activities of museums in the Russian Federation

Museums in the Russian Federation may carry out any activity that is not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation and corresponds to the goals of the activities of museums in the Russian Federation, which are provided for by this Federal Law.

Museums in the Russian Federation can carry out entrepreneurial activity only insofar as it serves to achieve the goals provided for by this Federal Law.

· Chapter VI. Ensuring accessibility of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation

Museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in museums in the Russian Federation are open to citizens.

The owner or possessor may establish restrictions on access to museum objects and museum collections included in the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and located in museums, according to the following reasons:

· unsatisfactory state of preservation of museum objects and museum collections;

· production of restoration work;

· finding a museum item in the museum's storage (depository).

The procedure and conditions for access to museum objects and museum collections located in the museum's repository (depositary) are established by regulations of the federal executive body, which is entrusted with state regulation in the field of culture, and are brought to the attention of citizens.

Restricting access to museum objects and museum collections for reasons of censorship is not permitted.

· Chapter VII. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation and museums in the Russian Federation

Individuals and legal entities, state authorities and local governments guilty of violating the provisions of this Federal Law bear administrative or civil liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

· Chapter VIII. Final provisions