Rubberized sleeves GOST 12.4 011 89. State standard of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

GOST 12.4.011-89

Group T58

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Occupational Safety Standards System

PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

General requirements and classification

Occupational safety standards system. Means of protection.
General requirements and classification

OKSTU 0012

Date of introduction 1990-07-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards, the All-Union Central Council Trade Unions

2. By Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated October 27, 1989 N 3222 standard of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ST CMEA 1086-88 "Labor safety. Protective equipment for workers. Classification and general requirements"put into effect directly as a state standard of the USSR from 07/01/90

3. INSTEAD GOST 12.4.011-87

4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS


	Item number
GOST 12.4.013-85
GOST 12.4.023-84
GOST 12.4.034-85
GOST 12.4.064-84
GOST 12.4.068-79
GOST 12.4.103-83
GOST 12.4.115-82

5. The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

6. REPUBLICATION. August 2001

This standard applies to means used to prevent or reduce the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors on workers, and establishes the classification and general requirements for protective equipment for workers.

1. Classification

1. CLASSIFICATION

1.1. Depending on the nature of their use, protective equipment for workers is divided into two categories:

funds collective defense;

funds personal protection.

A list of the main types of protective equipment included in the classes is given in the appendix.

1.1.1. Depending on their purpose, collective protective equipment is divided into classes:

means of air normalization production premises and workplaces (from increased or decreased barometric pressure and its sudden changes, increased or decreased air humidity, increased or decreased air ionization, increased or reduced concentration oxygen in the air, increased concentration of harmful aerosols in the air);

means of normalizing the lighting of industrial premises and workplaces (reduced brightness, absence or lack of natural light, reduced visibility, uncomfortable or blinding glare, increased pulsation of light flux, reduced color rendering index);

means of protection against elevated levels ionizing radiation;

means of protection against increased levels of infrared radiation;

means of protection against increased or decreased levels of ultraviolet radiation;

means of protection against increased levels of electromagnetic radiation;

means of protection against increased intensity of magnetic and electric fields;

means of protection against increased levels of laser radiation;

means of protection against increased noise levels;

means of protection against increased levels of vibration (general and local);

means of protection against increased levels of ultrasound;

means of protection against increased levels of infrasonic vibrations;

means of protection against electric shock;

means of protection against increased levels of static electricity;

means of protection against high or low temperatures of the surfaces of equipment, materials, workpieces;

means of protection against high or low air temperatures and temperature changes;

means of protection against the effects of mechanical factors (moving machines and mechanisms; moving parts of production equipment and tools; moving products, workpieces, materials; violation of the integrity of structures; collapsing rocks; bulk materials; objects falling from a height; sharp edges and rough surfaces of workpieces, tools and equipment; sharp corners);

means of protection against exposure to chemical factors;

means of protection against exposure to biological factors;

fall protection equipment.

1.1.2. Depending on the purpose, personal protective equipment is divided into classes:

insulating suits;

respiratory protection equipment;

special protective clothing;

foot protection;

hand protection;

head protection;

face protection;

eye protection;

hearing protection;

fall protection and other safety equipment;

dermatological protective products;

complex protective equipment.

1.2. Classification of personal protective equipment depending on hazardous and harmful production factors - according to GOST 12.4.064*, GOST 12.4.034**, GOST 12.4.103, GOST 12.4.023, GOST 12.4.013*** and GOST 12.4.068.

_________________
* On site Russian Federation GOST R 12.4.196-99 is valid.

** GOST R 12.4.195-99 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

*** GOST R 12.4.013-97 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. General requirements

2.1. Protective equipment for workers must ensure the prevention or reduction of hazardous and harmful production factors.

2.2. Protective equipment should not be a source of dangerous and harmful production factors.

2.3. Protective equipment must meet the requirements of technical aesthetics and ergonomics.

2.4. The choice of a specific type of protective equipment for workers should be made taking into account the safety requirements for a given process or type of work*.

________________

* Types of protective equipment depending on the specific dangerous and harmful factor or depending on design features they are divided into types.

2.5. Personal protective equipment should be used in cases where work safety cannot be ensured by the design of equipment, organization of production processes, architectural and planning solutions and collective protective equipment.

2.6. Personal protective equipment should not change its properties during washing, dry cleaning and disinfection.

2.7. Personal protective equipment must be assessed for protective, physiological, hygienic and performance indicators.

2.8. Requirements for marking personal protective equipment must comply with GOST 12.4.115 and marking standards on specific types personal protective equipment.

2.9. Personal protective equipment must have instructions indicating the purpose and service life of the product, the rules for its operation and storage.

2.10. Collective protective equipment for workers must be structurally connected to production equipment or its controls in such a way that, if necessary, the forced action of the protective equipment occurs.

Collective protective equipment may be used as controls to turn production equipment on and off.

2.11. Collective protective equipment for workers must be located on production equipment or at the workplace in such a way that it is constantly possible to monitor its operation, as well as the safety of maintenance and repair.

Appendix (reference). List of main types of protective equipment for workers

APPLICATION
Information

1. Collective protective equipment

1.1. Means for normalizing the air environment of industrial premises and workplaces include devices for:

maintaining the normalized value of barometric pressure;

ventilation and air purification;

air conditioning;

localization of harmful factors;

heating;

air deodorization.

1.2. Means of normalizing lighting of industrial premises and workplaces include:

light sources;

lighting fixtures;

light openings;

light protection devices;

light filters.

1.3. Means of protection against increased levels of ionizing radiation include:

fencing devices;

warning devices;

sealing devices;

protective coatings;

devices for collecting and purifying air and liquids;

decontamination agents;

automatic control devices;

means of protection during transportation and temporary storage of radioactive substances;

safety signs;

radioactive waste containers.

1.4. Devices for protection against increased levels of infrared radiation include:

fencing;

sealing;

heat insulating;

ventilation;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control;

safety signs.

1.5. Means of protection against increased or decreased levels of ultraviolet radiation include devices:

fencing;

for air ventilation;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control;

safety signs.

1.6. Means of protection against increased levels of electromagnetic radiation include:

fencing devices;

protective coatings;

sealing devices;

remote control devices;

safety signs.

1.7. Means of protection against increased intensity of magnetic and electric fields include:

fencing devices;

protective grounding;

safety signs.

1.8. Means of protection against increased levels of laser radiation include:

fencing devices;

safety devices;

automatic control and alarm devices;

remote control devices;

safety signs.

1.9. Devices for protection against increased noise levels include:

fencing;

noise suppressors;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control.

1.10. Devices for protection against increased levels of vibration include:

fencing;

vibration isolating, vibration damping and vibration absorbing;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control.

1.11. Devices to protect against elevated levels of ultrasound include:

fencing;

soundproofing, sound-absorbing;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control.

1.12. Means of protection against increased levels of infrasonic vibrations include:

fencing devices;

safety signs.

1.13. Means of protection against electric shock include:

fencing devices;

automatic control and alarm devices;

insulating devices and coatings;

protective grounding and grounding devices;

automatic shutdown devices;

potential equalization and voltage reduction devices;

remote control devices;

safety devices;

lightning rods and arresters;

safety signs.

1.14. Means of protection against increased levels of static electricity include:

grounding devices;

neutralizers;

humidifying devices;

anti-electrostatic substances;

shielding devices.

1.15. The means of protecting the surfaces of equipment, materials and workpieces from low or high temperatures include the following devices:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

thermal insulating;

remote control.

1.16. The means of protection against high or low air temperatures and temperature changes include the following devices:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

thermal insulating;

remote control;

for radiant heating and cooling.

1.17. Devices for protection against mechanical factors include:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

safety;

remote control;

brake;

safety signs.

1.18. Devices for protection against exposure to chemical factors include:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

sealing;

for ventilation and air purification;

to remove toxic substances;

remote control;

safety signs.

1.19. Means of protection against the effects of biological factors include:

equipment and preparations for disinfection, disinfestation, sterilization, deratization;

fencing devices;

sealing devices;

devices for ventilation and air purification;

safety signs.

1.20. Fall protection equipment includes:

fencing;

protective nets;

safety signs.

2. Personal protective equipment

2.1. Isolating suits:

pneumatic suits;

waterproof suits;

spacesuits.

2.2. Respiratory protection:

gas masks;

respirators;

self-rescuers;

air helmets;

pneumatic masks;

pneumatic jackets.

2.3. Special protective clothing:

sheepskin coats, coats;

short coats, short fur coats;

raincoats, half-cloaks;

jackets, shirts;

trousers, shorts;

overalls, bib overalls;

dresses, sundresses;

blouses, skirts;

shoulder pads

2.4. Foot protection:

boots with long tops;

boots with short tops;

ankle boots;

low shoes;

slippers (sandals);

high boots, dudes;

shields, boots, knee pads, foot wraps.

2.5. Hand protection:

mittens;

gloves;

finger pads;

handhelds;

wristbands;

sleeves, elbow pads.

2.6. Head protection:

protective helmets;

helmets, balaclavas;

caps, berets, hats, caps, scarves, mosquito nets.

2.7. Eye protection:

safety glasses.

2.8. Face protection:

protective face shields.

2.9. Hearing protection:

anti-noise helmets;

anti-noise earplugs;

anti-noise headphones.

2.10. Fall protection and other safety equipment:

safety belts, cables;

hand grips, manipulators;

knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads.

2.11. Dermatological protective products:

protective;

leather cleaners;

reparative means.

2.12. Comprehensive protective equipment.

The text of the document is verified according to:
official publication
Occupational safety standards system:
Sat. GOST. - M.: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 2001

GOST 12.4.011-89 “Means for protecting workers. General technical requirements and classification”, depending on the purpose of PPE, is divided into classes:

Isolating suits: pneumatic suits, waterproofing suits, spacesuits;

Respiratory protection: gas masks, respirators, self-rescuers, pneumatic helmets, pneumatic masks, pneumatic jackets;

Special protective clothing: sheepskin coats, coats, short coats, short fur coats, capes, raincoats, half-coats, dressing gowns, suits, jackets, shirts, trousers, shorts, overalls, bib overalls, vests, dresses, sundresses, blouses, skirts, aprons, shoulder pads;

Foot protection: boots, boots with an extended top, boots with a short top, ankle boots, boots, low shoes, shoes, shoe covers, galoshes, boots, slippers (sandals), high boots, boots, shin guards, over the knee boots, knee pads, foot wraps;

Hand protection: mittens, gloves, semi-gloves, finger pads, palm pads, wrist pads, sleeve pads, elbow pads;

Head protection: hard hats, helmets, balaclavas, caps, berets, hats, caps, scarves, mosquito nets;

Eye protection: safety glasses;

Face protection: protective face shields;

Hearing protection: anti-noise helmets, anti-noise earplugs, anti-noise headphones;

Fall protection equipment and other safety equipment: safety belts, cables, hand grips, manipulators, knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads;

Dermatological protective products: protective, skin cleansers, reparative agents;

Comprehensive protective equipment.

Certain types of PPE

Personal eye and face protection is designed to protect against exposure to particulate matter, liquid and molten metal splashes, dust, irritant gases and various types radiation. Structurally, they are made in the form of open and closed glasses, hand and head shields or masks of various designs, equipped with clear glasses or special filters of various brands, as well as helmets that simultaneously protect the head, eyes and respiratory organs. Requirements for eye and face PPE are established by GOST 12.4.013-85 “Safety glasses. General technical requirements", GOST 12.4.023-84 "Protective face shields. General technical requirements and control methods”, GOST 12.4.035-78 “Protective face shields for electric welders. Technical conditions".

When choosing glasses and other eye protection, it is necessary to proceed from the specific conditions and characteristics of the production process, taking into account the duration of the operation being performed, the nature of the hazards that threaten the eyes, etc.

When machining materials (cutting, embossing, hand riveting, etc.), it is recommended to use closed-type glasses with durable safety glasses. For operations leading to the formation of small solid particles and dust, sparks and metal splashes, in the absence of blinding brightness and intense heat generation, open-type glasses with sides or masks with a screen are recommended. When pouring metals and alloys, as well as aggressive liquids, closed glasses and masks with a screen or light filters are recommended. Reflected light and glare, as well as radiation, require the use of closed glasses or masks with a protective screen and light filters. The right choice glasses requires the need for individual adjustment.

Depending on the design, protective face shields are divided into shields with a head mount, with a helmet mount, shields with a handle, and also universal shields. The body of the shields can be impact- and chemical-resistant, light-filtering, mesh or opaque. The housings of the shields can have forced ventilation and a movable glass holder.

To protect electric welders, shields are used, which must provide protection from the penetration of direct radiation from the welding arc, splashes of molten metal and sparks into the internal space of the shield. The body of the shields must be made of non-conducting material that is resistant to splashes of molten metal and sparks.

To combat glass fogging, use a special lubricant, a TEZHE pencil or dry toilet soap.

Clear washers in the form of discs (made of anti-fog NP film) are also used. Spectacle glasses should be wiped with special paper or textile napkins. Glasses with light filters are used to protect the eyes from radiant energy during electric and gas welding work, when servicing glass melting, steel melting, blast furnaces, etc.

The main means of individual head protection for workers are safety helmets. They protect the head from mechanical damage, as well as from electric shock in case of touching current-carrying parts, and from the ingress of drops of liquids. Helmets are used for underground work, when working in hot shops, during construction work, felling forests, extinguishing fires, during emergency, rescue and other work. In some professions, wearing helmets is mandatory, which is stipulated by the relevant regulations. Great value have the design and quality of the internal equipment of the helmet - headrest and shock absorber. The headrest of the helmet has an adjustment device for adjusting the helmet to the head. In winter, when working in hard hats outdoors, balaclavas are used. For conditions where drops of liquid may enter from above, helmets with capes are used that protect the neck and shoulders. Helmets are equipped with anti-noise headphones, shields for welders, transparent screens to protect eyes and faces, and individual lighting devices. The requirements for safety helmets are established by GOST 12.4.128-83 “Safety helmets. General technical conditions (1 - VII - 84, 2 - XII - 88, 3 - II - 2000)", GOST 12.4.087-84 "Construction helmets. Technical conditions".

Helmets, depending on operating conditions, have the following types of completeness:

Set A – for those working indoors: helmet;

Set B – for those working outdoors in a hot climate zone: helmet and cape;

Set B - for those working outdoors in a temperate climate zone: helmet, cape and liner with batting;

Set G – for those working outdoors in a cold climate zone: helmet, cape, woolen balaclava;

Set D - for workers in a special climate zone: helmet, cape, liner with batting, woolen liner.

Helmet shells should be available in four colors:

Bely - for the management of organizations and enterprises, heads of sections and workshops, public labor safety inspectors, safety personnel;

Red - for foremen, foremen, engineering and technical workers, chief mechanics and chief power engineers;

Yellow and orange - for workers and junior service personnel.

Protective helmets are made of high- and low-density polyethylene or fiberglass.

The shelf life of helmets made of low-density polyethylene from the date of their manufacture until removal from service should be no more than:

3 years – outdoors in cold or hot climates;

3.5 years – outdoors in a temperate climate;

4 years – in hot shops of metallurgical production.

The shelf life of fiberglass helmets in heated rooms of metallurgical production is no more than 3 years.

Helmets that have been subjected to impacts, as well as those with damage to the body or internal equipment, must be replaced

During operation, if necessary, helmets can be sanitized by immersing in a 3-5% solution of chloramine or a 3% solution of bleach for 30-60 minutes, followed by rinsing in cold water, rubbing and natural drying.

Wide-brimmed felt hats are used to protect against splashes of molten metal, sparks and overheating of the head.

Personal hearing protection against occupational noise is divided according to design into headphones, earplugs and helmets. The basic requirements for personal hearing protection are established by GOST 12.4.051-87 “Personal hearing protection. General technical requirements and test methods”, GOST R 12.4.208-99 “Personal hearing protection. Headphones. General technical requirements. Test methods", GOST R 12.4.209-99 "Personal hearing protection. Inserts. General technical requirements. Test methods".

An anti-noise earphone is an anti-noise device consisting of two sound-insulating cups covering the ears and connected to each other by a hard or soft pressing device (headband).

An earmold is a noise-reducing device worn in the inner part of the auditory canal (ear) or in the pinna, sometimes called an “earplug.” There are:

Disposable inserts – inserts intended for use once;

Inserts for reusable use, – inserts for repeated use;

Custom made earbuds for personalized auricle and the consumer's auditory canal;

Connected earbuds are earbuds connected by a semi-rigid headband.

A helmet is a device that includes noise protection and covers the corresponding part of the head.

Sterilized cotton wool, special ultra-thin wool, various plastics, rubber, and foam plastic are used as noise-absorbing materials. The reduction in noise level when using PPE for hearing organs is given in Table 12.1.

Table 12.1

Minimum noise absorption value for headphones and earbuds

Personal respiratory protection equipment (RPP) - various technical devices and devices that provide protection for workers from hazardous and harmful substances contained in the air of the working area, as well as from the lack of oxygen in it. The classification of RPE is given in GOST 12.4.034-2001 “Personal respiratory protection equipment. Classification and labeling." According to the principle of operation, these protective equipment are divided into filtering (when used, the air inhaled by the worker is cleaned of harmful impurities using filters and sorbents) and insulating (hose and self-contained breathing apparatus, with the help of which the respiratory organs are isolated from environment, and the air comes from a clean area or from a source of breathing mixture).

Depending on the purpose, personal respiratory protection equipment is divided into anti-aerosol, anti-gas and anti-gas aerosol.

Requirements for filtering RPE are defined by GOST 12.4.041-2001 “Filtering personal respiratory protection equipment. General technical requirements". Filtering means of personal respiratory protection without forced air supply are divided by design into:

Filter faces with or without valves;

Face parts made of insulating materials with filters and with or without valves.

Face parts made of insulating materials are divided into half masks or quarter masks and masks.

The main protective characteristic of any RPE is the so-called short circuit protection factor. It denotes the factor of reduction in the concentration of a harmful substance provided by this personal protective equipment, and determines the conditions under which reliable protection of a person from the effects of harmful substances contained in the air of the working area is guaranteed.

According to this indicator, all filtering RPEs are divided into three groups with different protection efficiencies:

low - with Kz less than 10, provide protection against aerosols, gases and vapors when they are contained in the air in quantities not exceeding the maximum permissible concentration by more than 10 times. RPE of this protection class is usually recommended for use when working with non-toxic substances;

medium - with Kz = 10-100, guarantee reliable protection against harmful substances when they are contained in the air in quantities not exceeding the maximum permissible concentration by more than 100 times;

high - with Kz more than 100, guarantee protection when the air contains harmful substances in concentrations exceeding the MPC levels by more than 100 times.

Insulating RPE must have high protection efficiency, i.e. have Kz more than 100.

Operational properties usually include a group of indicators characterizing the reliability (for example, protective action time, average service life) and ergonomics of RPE, i.e. the degree of their possible influence on human health, functional state and performance. These include indicators characterizing the magnitude of aerodynamic resistance, the content of carbon dioxide in the inhaled air, limitation of vision, hearing, the possibility of verbal communication, and other properties of RPE that cause interference with work and stress on the psychophysiological systems of the body.

Basic requirements for most indicators of these properties, depending on the purpose and design features of the RPE, regulated by state standards SSBT systems, are given in table. 12.2.

Taking into account these indicators of the properties of RPE is of fundamental importance for the physiologically based choice of a specific RPE in accordance with working conditions.

For example, when working with non-toxic dust at low concentrations in the air of the working area, you can successfully use lightweight respirators in the form of filtering half masks with low protection efficiency (they do not create additional stress on the physiological systems of the body), instead of respirators with rubber half masks (or helmet masks) and highly efficient filters that interfere with work and limit human performance.

Table 12.2

Basic requirements for filtering RPE

Indicator	Protection class
(short)	(average)	(high)
Protection factor	up to 10	10-100	more than 100
Penetration coefficient through RPE, %		10-1,0	less than 1.0
Resistance of anti-gas and anti-gas-aerosol (gas-dust-proof) RPE to constant air flow with a flow rate of 30 l/min, Pa, no more:
while inhaling*
on exhalation*
Initial inhalation resistance of anti-aerosol (anti-dust) RPE to constant air flow with a flow rate of 30 l/min, Pa, no more:
designs without valves
designs with valves
Initial exhalation resistance of anti-aerosol RPE to constant air flow with a flow rate of 30 l/min, Pa, no more:
Ultimate resistance of anti-aerosol RPE to constant air flow with a flow rate of 30 l/min, Pa, no more:
while inhaling
on exhalation
Volume concentration of carbon dioxide in the inhaled air with an inhalation volume equal to (0.5 ± 0.1) l, %, no more
Weight of RPE creating a load on the head, kg, no more: with a front part made of insulating materials, front parts in the form of filtering half masks	0,35 0,10	0,80 0,10	0,85 0,10
Weight of personal protective equipment creating a load on the worker, kg, no more*	0,35	1,80	5,00
Limitation of the field of view area, %, no more: RPE with a front part made of insulating materials of the front parts in the form of filtering half masks
*Note to table. 12.2: When working in gas masks and respirators with an inhalation resistance of more than 100 Pa and an exhalation resistance of more than 70 Pa, as well as with a mass that creates a load on the worker of more than 2 kg, appropriate work and rest modes must be established (see Table 12.3)

Respirators have found wide application: cartridge respirators, consisting of a front part and a filter element, and filter masks, in which the filter element also serves as the front part. These are ShB Lepestok, Kama, Yulia, RTM-1 Leafok, Astra, RU-60m, etc.

Anti-aerosol filter face parts and filters are divided into the following classes according to their protection efficiency:

Low efficiency;

Average efficiency;

High efficiency.

Anti-gas filter face parts are divided into the following classes according to the time of protective action:

Low efficiency;

Average efficiency.

Gas filters are divided into the following classes according to the protective action time:

Low efficiency;

Average efficiency;

High efficiency.

Isolating RPE (breathing apparatus - YES) are divided into hose (non-self-contained breathing apparatus) and self-contained breathing apparatus. Requirements for isolating DA are set out in GOST R 12.4.186-97 “Isolated air breathing apparatus. General technical requirements and test methods." Hose-type air pumps with a clean air supply hose can be without forced supply, with manual forced supply or with forced supply from the engine. Hose-type compressed air pumps can also operate from a compressed air line, either with a continuous air flow or with air supply on demand, or with air supply on demand and positive pressure.

Self-contained breathing apparatus is divided into open type and closed type. Open breathing apparatus operates on demand-supplied compressed air or demand-supplied compressed air with positive pressure. Closed-type breathing apparatus operate on compressed oxygen, liquefied oxygen or oxygen generation.

Requirements for self-contained breathing apparatus are given in Table. 12.4.

Table 12.4

Basic requirements for self-contained breathing apparatus

Indicator	Functional state of the body
optimal	acceptable	ultimate
Air flow resistance, (Pa), no more: on inhalation on exhalation	- -
Supply air temperature, °C, no more
Relative air humidity, %, no more	60-80
Amount of air supplied to the breathing zone, l/min
Partial pressure of oxygen, Pa, not less	20x10 3	16x10 3	13x10 3
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2), Pa, no more	13x10 2	20x10 2	33x10 2
Field of view, °, no less: downward inward and upward outward
Limitation of field of view area, %, no more
Sound attenuation in the area of speech frequencies, dB, no more
Reduced speech (word) reproducibility, % no more
Intelligibility of transmitted speech (words), %, not less	80-94	80-94	80-94
Degree of severity of namins, no more

Isolating suits are personal protective equipment that isolates the worker from the environment and provides his protection from all kinds of harmful and dangerous production factors. Isolating suits include pneumatic suits, waterproofing suits, spacesuits. Depending on the method of supplying air to the subsuit space, insulating suits are divided into hose and self-contained. Hose - suits in which the clean air necessary for breathing and ensuring the required protective effectiveness is supplied through a hose from an external source of air supply, self-contained - suits in which the supply of clean air or respiratory mixture necessary for breathing and ensuring the required protective effectiveness is in self-contained wearable breathing apparatus.

Technical requirements Isolating suits are regulated by GOST R 12.4.196-99 “Isolating suits. General technical requirements and test methods."

Overalls are designed to protect the human body from various production factors while maintaining the normal functional state and performance of a person. Requirements for protective clothing are established by GOST 12.4.016-83 “Special protective clothing. Nomenclature of quality indicators”, GOST R 12.4.218-99 “Special clothing. General technical requirements", GOST R 12.4.219-99 "Special high-visibility signal clothing. Technical requirements" and others. All types of workwear are classified according to their protective properties, see table. 12.5.

Table 12.5

Classification of workwear by protective properties

Group	Subgroup

From mechanical influences	From abrasion
From punctures, cuts
From elevated temperatures	From elevated temperatures caused by climate
From thermal radiation
From open flame
From sparks, splashes of molten metal, scale
From contact with heated surfaces:
from 40-100 °C
from 100-400 °C
over 400 °C
From convective heat
From low temperatures	From low air temperatures
From low air temperatures and wind
From radioactive substances and x-rays	From radioactive contamination
From X-rays
From electrical and electromagnetic factors	From electric fields of charges
From electric fields
From electromagnetic fields
From non-toxic dust	From dust
From fiberglass dust, asbestos
From fine dust
From toxic substances	From liquid toxic substances
	From solid toxic substances
	From aerosols of toxic substances
From water and solutions of non-toxic substances	Waterproof
Waterproof
From surfactant solutions
From acid solution	From acids by concentration (for sulfuric acid):
above 80%
from 50 to 80%
from 20 to 50%
up to 20 °/o

End of table. 12.5

The general requirement for workwear, regardless of its protective properties, is to ensure the normal thermal state of the worker. Workwear is produced in certain (standard) sizes, made from fabrics that provide protective properties, and is divided into men's and women's.

The symbol for protective properties is indicated in the markings on workwear in accordance with GOST R 12.4.218-99.

The marking of workwear must contain the following information:

a) name, trademark or other means of identifying the manufacturer or his authorized representative;

b) name of the type of special clothing, commercial name or code;

c) an indication of the size corresponding to at least two reference dimensions of the human body (height and chest girth or height and waist girth);

d) number of the standard to which the product conforms;

e) pictograms and, if necessary, levels of protective clothing performance.

The pictogram can be used as a means of indicating a hazard or the area of application of the protective clothing. Some pictogram symbols corresponding to international ones to indicate the area of application of special clothing are given in Table. 12.6.

If the methods of caring for the product differ from the standard ones, the manufacturer encloses instructions for caring for the product with the product.

For the manufacture of workwear, fabrics based on cotton, linen, wool, asbestos, glass, artificial and synthetic fibers are used. Workwear made from fabrics made from mixed fibers, natural and synthetic, has become widespread. Workwear for special purposes is given certain properties using impregnations, coatings or other types of processing (for example, metal spraying). GOST 12.4.073-79 “Fabrics for workwear and hand protection. Nomenclature of quality indicators".

Table 12.6

Pictograms to indicate the area of application of special clothing

Symbol	Meaning
	Moving Parts
	Chemicals
	Bad weather (rain, water)
	Low temperatures (cold)
	Chainsaw
	Low visibility
	High temperatures and fire
	Radioactive contamination
	Electrostatic discharges

Special shoes Depending on the materials used, it is divided into leather, rubber and felted. Safety shoes are produced in standard sizes and are divided into men's and women's by age and gender groups. The material used to make shoes and their design take into account operating conditions. Requirements for safety footwear are established by GOST standards 12.4.127-83 “Special footwear. Nomenclature of quality indicators" and others.

Special shoes are used to protect feet from harmful effects production environment: high temperatures, radiant energy, sparks and splashes of molten metal, electric current, aggressive substances (acids, alkalis, solvents) and meteorological factors (cold, moisture, etc.). Safety shoes have different purposes: for working in cold climatic conditions; for working in damp conditions (fishermen, peat bogs, workers water transport); for work in mines and mines, for working with acids, alkalis and other aggressive environments; for working with oils, coolants, petroleum products; for those working in hot shops of the mechanical engineering and metallurgical industries; for those working in mechanical and mechanical assembly shops; for work in explosive and dusty workshops; to protect the feet of prospectors, installers, and working vibrating tables; general purpose industrial footwear.

The types of safety shoes are as follows: boots, ankle boots, shoes, slippers, boots, high boots, boots and low shoes, chuni, galoshes, boots .

Personal protective equipment for hands is designed to protect against the effects of occupational factors that can cause hand injuries and skin diseases. The range of quality indicators for hand protection equipment is established by GOST 12.4.020-82 “Personal hand protection equipment. Nomenclature of quality indicators."

Mittens and gloves for hand protection are one of the most common types of workwear. Their purpose may be different. They are used for protection against mechanical injuries, vibration, high and low temperatures, acids, alkalis and other aggressive substances, organic solvents, toxic, coloring, irritating substances, harmful radiation, electric current, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic charges, various types of dust, petroleum products, oils, fats, biological factors, water, as signal signals, etc. Mittens and gloves can be cotton, linen, canvas, rubber, leather, as well as synthetic (polyvinyl chloride, nylon, etc.). Requirements for materials for the manufacture of hand protection are set out in GOST 12.4.073-79.

To protect clothing sleeves from contamination in some cases, for example, when providing veterinary care to animals, sleeves are used.

Personal fall protection equipment is used if there is a danger of falling from a height and if, for technical reasons or due to very short operating time, the safety of the worker cannot be ensured. The use of personal fall protection equipment should be strictly regulated in regulatory document, no deviations from the instructions for use should be allowed. PPE against falls from a height must perform the functions of holding and maintaining a worker at a certain height, including preventing free fall.

Safety belts (hereinafter referred to as belts) are restraint systems designed to ensure the safety of work at height, including on overhead power lines, electrical and nuclear power plants, contact networks of other energy and high-rise structures, on poles or other construction devices. These restraint systems must ensure that both hands of the worker are free to perform the work. Requirements for belts are set out in GOST R 12.4.184-95 SSBT “Safety belts”, GOST R 12.4.205-99 “Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. Restraint systems", GOST R 12.4.225-99 "Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. Connecting elements."

Belts can be strapless, which encircle the human body only at the waist, and strap-on, which encircle the human body at the waist, shoulders and (or) hips. The belt consists of a belt, straps, buckle, slings, including a halyard - a flexible element, a carabiner with a thimble and a lock, a sash that is adjacent to the human body in the lumbar area, and a shock absorber. The shock absorber protects a person from shocks and heavy loads that occur when stopping a falling person. The materials used for the manufacture of load-bearing parts (belt, webbing, sling) of the belt can withstand a static breaking load of at least 15,000 N, and a shock absorber - 10,000 N.

Slings can be made of synthetic fibers with the properties of polyamide or polyester fibers, as well as metal chains with a breaking load of at least 22 kN.

According to the design, design and availability of components that determine the compliance of the belts with the working conditions in which they are used, they should be divided into types, types and varieties indicated in Table. 12.7.

Table 12.7

Classification and marking of safety belts

Classification of safety belts	Name of safety belts	Marking of safety belts

Type (by design)	Strapless	I
Strapless with shock absorber	Ia
Webbing	II
Webbing with shock absorber	IIa
Strapless safety harnesses	Iс
Strap safety	IIc
Type (by design of elements)	With ribbon halyard	A
With metal rope halyard	B
With non-metallic rope halyard	IN
With a chain halyard	G
With two slings	Combination of letters (A, B, C, D)
With shoulder straps	D
With hip straps	E
With shoulder and thigh straps	AND
With saddle strap	AND
With a lanyard with two carabiners	TO
Variety (according to the availability of components)	With catcher
With braking device
With tool bag

Preventive pastes, ointments and special detergents and cleansers are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects of chemicals. According to their purpose and physicochemical properties, protective ointments and pastes are divided into two groups: hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

Hydrophilic ointments and pastes are intended to protect against fats, oils, petroleum products, solvents, varnishes, resins and other organic substances.

Recently, biological gloves based on beeswax and glycerin have become widespread. Some hydrophilic ointments are called “invisible” or “biological” gloves, for which soap, starch, cellulose ethers, casein and other substances are used as a base.

Hydrophobic protective ointments and pastes are designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of aqueous solutions of aggressive and irritating substances. This group of ointments contains water-repellent substances that are insoluble in water and poorly wetted by water, such as fats, non-drying oils, insoluble soaps, some mineral oils, etc.

In addition to these pastes, silicone cream is widely used to protect the skin from exposure to water, salt solutions, diluted acids and alkalis.

There are special-purpose pastes that protect against the effects of pitch, ultraviolet and intense solar radiation. In addition to the base, they usually contain substances that can absorb part of the spectrum of solar (ultraviolet) radiation (tannin, salol, esters of salicylic and stearic acids, various pigments, dyes).

Detergents are used to remove substances that are difficult to wash off with water (soap) and stain the skin. Detergents contain soap, alkalis and salts. Sometimes solvents, wetting agents, and mechanical cleaners (sand, pumice, clay, wood flour) are added to them. Wetting agents contain so-called surfactants (surfactants), which, by reducing surface tension, allow water to penetrate into the oil (wax) layer and thereby help remove dirt from the skin.

Synthetic materials are also used in industry detergents, significantly superior to soap in its cleaning properties.

State standard of the USSR GOST 12.4.011-89
"System of occupational safety standards. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification"
(approved by Decree of the USSR State Standard of October 27, 1989 N 3222)

Occupational safety standards system. Means of protection. General requirements and classification

Instead of GOST 12.4.011-87

1. Classification

1.1. Depending on the nature of their use, protective equipment for workers is divided into two categories:

collective protective equipment;

personal protective equipment.

A list of the main types of protective equipment included in the classes is given in the Appendix.

1.1.1. Depending on their purpose, collective protective equipment is divided into classes:

means of normalizing the air environment of industrial premises and workplaces (from increased or decreased barometric pressure and its sudden changes, increased or decreased air humidity, increased or decreased air ionization, increased or decreased concentration of oxygen in the air, increased concentration of harmful aerosols in the air);

means of protection against increased levels of ionizing radiation;

means of protection against increased levels of infrared radiation;

means of protection against increased or decreased levels of ultraviolet radiation;

means of protection against increased levels of electromagnetic radiation;

means of protection against increased intensity of magnetic and electric fields;

means of protection against increased levels of laser radiation;

means of protection against increased noise levels;

means of protection against increased levels of vibration (general and local);

means of protection against increased levels of ultrasound;

means of protection against increased levels of infrasonic vibrations;

means of protection against electric shock;

means of protection against increased levels of static electricity;

means of protection against high or low temperatures of the surfaces of equipment, materials, workpieces;

means of protection against high or low air temperatures and temperature changes;

means of protection against exposure to chemical factors;

means of protection against exposure to biological factors;

fall protection equipment.

2.6. Personal protective equipment should not change its properties during washing, dry cleaning and disinfection.

2.7. Personal protective equipment must be assessed for protective, physiological, hygienic and performance indicators.

2.8. Requirements for labeling of personal protective equipment must comply with GOST 12.4.115 and labeling standards for specific types of personal protective equipment.

2.9. Personal protective equipment must have instructions indicating the purpose and service life of the product, the rules for its operation and storage.

Collective protective equipment may be used as controls to turn production equipment on and off.

2.1.1. Collective protective equipment for workers must be located on production equipment or at the workplace in such a way that it is constantly possible to monitor its operation, as well as safe maintenance and repair.

______________________________

* - Types of protective equipment depending on the specific danger and harm. Depending on the factor or design features, they are divided into types.

Price 3 kopecks.

SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS

PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

CLASSIFICATION

GOST 12.4.011-75

Official publication

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS Moscow

UDC 658.382.3: 066.354 Group T58

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

System of occupational safety standards PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS Classification

Occupational safety standards system. Means of protection. Classification

By Decree of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated April 24, 1975 No. 1043, the validity period was established

from 01/01/1976 to 01/01/1981

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to means used to prevent or reduce the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors on workers, and establish. pours general provisions, classification of protective equipment for workers, as well as features of the construction of standards for this classification group.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Protective means should create the most favorable relationship for the human body with the surrounding external environment and ensure optimal conditions For labor activity.

1.2. Protective equipment should not be a source of dangerous and harmful production factors.

1.3. Protective equipment must meet the requirements of technical aesthetics and ergonomics.

1.4. Protective equipment must provide a high degree of protective effectiveness and ease of use.

1.5. The choice of protective equipment in each individual case must be made taking into account the safety requirements for a given process or type of work.

Official publication ★

Reissue. June 1978

Reproduction is prohibited

G6ST 12.4.011-75 Page 2

The use of protective equipment for which there is no duly approved technical documentation, is prohibited.

1.6. Personal protective equipment should be used in cases where work safety cannot be ensured by the design of equipment, organization of production processes, architectural and planning solutions and collective protective equipment.

1.7. Protective equipment must be assessed for protective, physiological, hygienic and operational indicators.

2. CLASSIFICATION OF PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

2.1. According to the nature of their use, protective equipment for workers* should be divided into two categories:

collective protective equipment; personal protective equipment.

2.2. Depending on their purpose, collective protective equipment should be divided into the following classes:

means of normalizing the air environment of industrial premises and workplaces;

means of normalizing lighting of industrial premises and workplaces;

means of protection against ionizing radiation; means of protection against infrared radiation; means of protection against ultraviolet radiation; means of protection against electromagnetic radiation; means of protection against magnetic and electric fields; means of protection against laser radiation; noise protection equipment; vibration protection equipment; means of protection against ultrasound; means of protection against electric shock; means of protection against static electricity; means of protection against high and low ambient temperatures;

means of protection against mechanical factors; means of protection against exposure to chemical factors; means of protection against the effects of biological factors.

2.3. Depending on the purpose, personal protective equipment should be divided into the following classes: insulating suits;

* The list of the main types of protective equipment included in the classes is given in help app.

respiratory protection equipment;

special clothing;

special shoes;

hand protection;

head protection;

face protection;

eye protection;

hearing protection;

safety devices;

protective dermatological products.

3. FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTING STANDARDS FOR PROTECTIVE MEANS

WORKING

3.1. The construction and content of standards for protective equipment must comply with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.0.001-74 and GOST 1.0-68.

3.2. Standards for classes and types of protective equipment must include a classification of protective equipment of this class and type, as well as general requirements for them.

3.3. In personal protective equipment standards, design safety requirements should be stated in the “Technical Requirements” section.

3.4. Standards for certain types of protective equipment must include rules for their use and operation.

APPENDIX to GOST 12.4.011-75 Reference

LIST of main types of protective equipment for workers

1. COLLECTIVE DEFENSE MEANS

1.1. Means for normalizing the air environment of industrial premises and workplaces include devices for:

maintaining the normalized value of barometric pressure;

ventilation and air purification;

air conditioning;

localization of harmful factors;

heating;

Air deodorization.

1.2. Means of normalizing lighting of industrial premises and workplaces include:

light sources; lighting fixtures; light openings; light protection devices; light filters.

1.3. Means of protection against ionizing radiation include: protective devices;

sealing devices; devices for ventilation and air purification; devices for transporting and storing isotopes; containers for radioactive waste; coating protection;

1.4. The means of protection against infrared radiation include devices: protective;

sealing;

heat insulating;

for air ventilation;

automatic control and alarm;

remote control;

safety signs.

1.5. Devices for protection against ultraviolet radiation include:

fencing; for air ventilation; automatic control and alarm; remote control^ safety signs.

1.6. The means of protection against electromagnetic radiation include: fencing devices;

protective coatings; sealing devices;

automatic control and alarm devices; remote control devices; safety signs.

1.7. Means of protection against magnetic and electrical particles include: fencing devices;

protective grounding; insulating devices and coatings; safety signs.

1.8. Means of protection against laser radiation include; fencing devices;

safety signs.

1.9. Noise protection devices include: protective devices;

soundproofing, sound-absorbing; noise suppressors;

automatic control and alarm; remote control.

1.10. Vibration protection devices include: protective devices;

vibration isolating, vibration damping and vibration absorbing; automatic control and alarm; remote control.

1.11. Ultrasound protection devices include: protective devices;

soundproofing, sound-absorbing; automatic control and alarm; remote control.

1.12. What are the means of protection against electric shock? fencing devices;

automatic control and alarm devices; insulating devices and coatings; protective grounding and grounding devices; automatic deflection devices;

potential equalization and voltage reduction devices;

remote control devices;

safety devices;

lightning rods and arresters;

safety signs.

1.13. The means of protection against static electricity include: grounding devices;

air humidification devices; anti-electrostatic coatings and impregnations; static electricity neutralizers.

1.14. Devices for protection against high and low ambient temperatures include:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

thermal insulating;

remote control;

for radiant heating and cooling.

1.15. The means of protection against mechanical factors include the following devices:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

safety;

remote control;

brake;

safety signs.

1.16. Devices for protection against exposure to chemical factors include:

fencing;

automatic control and alarm;

sealing;

for ventilation and air purification;

to remove toxic substances;

remote control;

safety signs.

1.17. Means of protection against the effects of biological factors include:

equipment and preparations for disinfection, disinfestation, sterilization, deratization;

fencing devices; sealing devices; devices for ventilation and air purification; safety signs.

2. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

2.1. Isolating suits: pneumatic suits; waterproof suits; spacesuits.

2.2. Respiratory protection: gas masks;

respirators;

air helmets;

pneumatic masks.

2.3. Special clothing: overalls, overalls; jackets;

short fur coats, sheepskin coats; aprons; vests; sleeves

2.4. Special footwear: boots, over the knee boots, ankle boots; boots, low shoes, shoes; galoshes, boots;

2.5\ Hand protection:

mittens;

gloves.

2.6. Head protection: helmets;

helmets, balaclavas; caps, berets, hats.

2.7. Face protection: protective masks; protective shields.

2.8. Hearing protection: anti-noise helmets; anti-noise headphones; anti-noise earplugs.

2.9. Eye protection: safety glasses.

2.10. Safety devices: safety belts; dielectric mats;

hand grips, manipulators; knee pads, elbow pads, shoulder pads.

2.11. Protective dermatological products: detergents;

Editor V. I. Rozanova Technical editor F. I. Shreibshein Proofreader V. L. Ryaukaite

Delivered to embankment 3U0.78 Sub. in the oven 05L2.78 0.5 p.l. 0.46 academic publication l. Shooting gallery 16000 Price 3 kopecks.

Order of the Badge of Honor > Standards Publishing House, Moscow, D-557, Novopresnensky Lane, 3, Vilnius Printing House Standards Publishing House, st. Mnndaugo, 12/14. Zach. 4314

GOST 12.4.011-89

Group T58

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Occupational Safety Standards System

PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

General requirements and classification

Occupational safety standards system. Means of protection.
General requirements and classification

Date of introduction 1990-07-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee on Standards, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions

2. By Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated October 27, 1989 N 3222, the standard of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ST CMEA 1086-88 "Labor safety. Protective equipment for workers. Classification and general requirements" was put into effect directly as a state standard of the USSR with 07/01/90

3. INSTEAD GOST 12.4.011-87

4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS


	Item number
GOST 12.4.013-85
GOST 12.4.023-84
GOST 12.4.034-85
GOST 12.4.064-84
GOST 12.4.068-79
GOST 12.4.103-83
GOST 12.4.115-82

5. The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

6. REPUBLICATION. August 2001

1. CLASSIFICATION