Safety measures when using helicopters. General safety requirements

For transporting passengers by helicopter transport company or a private carrier has the appropriate permit, working equipment and trained crew. All new crew members undergo safety training, which is repeated annually.

Requirements and safety precautions for helicopter flights are becoming safer year after year, including small aircraft. However, helicopter flights and the helicopter itself are recognized as a source of increased danger, just like any vehicle. Therefore, not only the pilot complies with the flight rules established by regulatory documentation, but also passengers comply with certain rules of conduct both when boarding and disembarking, and while inside the car.

Before each flight, a senior person responsible for the condition of the helicopter, crew and passengers is appointed to transport passengers. Before departure, the senior informs people in the cabin about personal safety equipment: locations and methods of use (personal seat belts, life jackets, oxygen masks), and actions in case of an emergency.

Passengers are boarded at specially equipped areas under the control of the crew commander or his deputy. Before boarding, each passenger is screened for the presence of alcohol, drugs or psychotropic substances in the body. If indicators are detected that violate the rules of air travel, the passenger is not allowed on the helicopter.

Rules of conduct for passengers when flying a helicopter.

The presence of technical risk factors requires caution, increased attention and mutual respect from each passenger. Every helicopter passenger must be aware that failure to comply with the conditions exposes him, as well as other passengers, to a dangerous situation.

Helicopter passenger:

- undergoes instruction and strictly complies with the Rules of conduct and safety precautions for using a helicopter;
- strictly fulfills the pilot’s requirements at all stages of the flight;

When boarding a helicopter:

- do not approach the helicopter closer than 50 meters when launching the propellers. This rule applies not only to the main rotor, but also to the tail rotor. To avoid emergency situations It is better not to approach the tail of the helicopter unless absolutely necessary. Landing in a helicopter, both with the propellers turned on and with the engine turned off, is possible only with the permission of the pilot and only with his accompaniment. Movements are smooth, careful, no sudden changes in the trajectory of movement, and even more so, jumping is not allowed.
- A person boarding a helicopter is absolutely sober; it is unacceptable for him to be under the influence of drugs, medications, or alcohol. In case of non-compliance with this rule, the pilot has the right not to allow the passenger to fly

While in a helicopter:

- You must follow all the pilot's advice.
- When the helicopter is moving, do not light a fire in the cabin or smoke. Under no circumstances should you move around the cabin or open doors and windows during the flight.

When exiting the helicopter:

- You should wait until the propeller comes to a complete stop. Only after this do they leave the car. According to safety rules, the pilot goes out first and checks the situation for a potential or obvious threat. Only then do the passengers get off.
- On some helicopter models, while moving, a fairly significant static discharge of electricity forms and accumulates on the body, so it is better not to touch it until the helicopter body is grounded.

If a passenger fails to comply with these rules, behaves inappropriately, or is intoxicated by alcohol or other substances, the pilot has the right not to allow the passenger to fly.

Safety requirement for helicopter crew

General provisions for crew safety.

To ensure a safe flight, not only passengers follow the established rules of conduct, but also the helicopter crew adheres to the established safety precautions in accordance with the occupational safety instructions for the helicopter crew.

Helicopter crew members, regardless of qualifications and work experience, undergo all types of occupational safety training in a timely and complete manner (introductory, initial on-the-job, repeated). During breaks in flight work of more than 60 calendar days, as well as in case of violation of the requirements of the labor protection instructions, crew members undergo unscheduled briefing (individually or by the entire helicopter crew). Persons who have not undergone instructions are not allowed to work.

Crew members undergo a medical examination in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 90 dated March 14, 1996 at the Medical Flight Expert Commission (VLEK).

Helicopter crew members who have not undergone periodic medical examination and annual certification at VLEK are not allowed to fly.

The main dangerous and harmful production factors are:

- aircraft moving through the airfield, special vehicles and self-propelled mechanisms;
- rotating main and tail rotors of helicopters;
- air and gas flows from operating rotors and aircraft engines, as well as stones, sand and other objects caught in them;
- increased dust and gas pollution in the air;
- protruding parts of the helicopter and its equipment;
- increased slip (due to icing, wetting and oiling of airfield pavement surfaces and stepladders);
- objects located on the surface of the helicopter parking area (rods, cables, grounding cables, external suspension elements);
- performing work near unprotected differences in height (on a stepladder, ladder, near an open hatch, entrance door);
- sharp edges of parts, burrs, roughness on the surface of equipment, loads, ropes;
- electric current, which, in the event of a short circuit, passes through the human body;
- transported cargo during loading and unloading operations in a helicopter;
- falling loads, collapsing structures lifting mechanisms;
- increased level of noise and vibration;
- increased or decreased air temperature and humidity;
- discharges of static electricity;
- insufficient illumination of the work area, helicopter parking area, apron;
- possible fire and explosion;
- psycho-emotional and physical overload.
- leaded gasoline.

Crew members, if necessary, use special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment against exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors in accordance with current standards.

Crew members know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents and use an on-board first aid kit.

In case of illness, poor health, or insufficient pre-flight rest, crew members report their condition to the helicopter commander and seek medical help

If an accident occurs with a crew member, he is provided with first aid and, if necessary, taken to a medical unit or other medical institution, and also reported about the incident in the prescribed manner to organize an investigation in accordance with the current Regulations on the investigation and recording of industrial accidents.

Crew members comply with the working and rest time regime established for them: norms of flight time, pre-flight and post-flight rest, rules of conduct while on duty or in reserve.

To prevent the possibility of fires and explosions, crew members themselves comply with fire and explosion safety requirements and do not allow violations by passengers, members of the team of slingers, loaders and customer representatives.

During the flight, there is no smoking in both the flight deck and the cargo-passenger cabin.

Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.

For failure to comply with safety requirements, crew members are held liable in accordance with current legislation.

Requirements for the crew before starting work.

Helicopter crew members undergo a medical examination before the flight. Responsibility for the crew's compliance with the pre-flight regime outside their home base, as well as abroad, rests with the helicopter commander.

When moving around the airfield, crew members comply with the following rules:

- walk only along specially designated walking routes;
- while walking, be careful and monitor changes in the environment, especially in difficult meteorological conditions(rain, fog, snowfall, ice) and at night, it should be remembered that in conditions of aircraft noise the sound signals given vehicles and the noise of the running engine of an approaching special vehicle or self-propelled mechanism is sometimes inaudible;
- exercise caution and be attentive near areas of increased danger (areas of operating aircraft engines and rotation of aircraft and rotors aircraft, radiation from antennas of ground and on-board radio equipment, taxiing and towing aircraft, maneuvering special vehicles and mechanization equipment near an airliner, refueling an aircraft with fuel and lubricants, loading and unloading operations, as well as on the roadway, pay attention to unevenness and slippery spots on the surface of the airfield and avoid walking on them.

Before the pre-flight inspection of the helicopter, the flight mechanic must ensure:

- grounding of the helicopter;
- there are thrust blocks under the chassis wheels;
- availability of fire extinguishing equipment near the helicopter;
- in the absence of small stones and foreign objects on the site near the helicopter that get into the propeller blades or engines.

Crew members conduct a control inspection of the helicopter and its equipment in accordance with the requirements of the Flight Manual, in the sequence and scope provided for by the control inspection sheets.

During the pre-flight inspection it is necessary to:

- use serviceable stepladders and ladders provided for the Mi-8 helicopter; special care should be taken in adverse weather conditions. Do not jump off stepladders or ladders or go down several steps
- be careful when moving around the parking lot so as not to trip or hit hoses, cables, cables, helicopter heating sleeves, thrust blocks, carts, cylinders;
- to avoid head injury, be careful when moving near low-lying and protruding parts of the helicopter;
- before climbing into the helicopter, you must make sure that the side ladder is securely installed, excluding the possibility of its spontaneous movement, and you should pay attention to the fact that the eyes of the ladder fit into the sockets, and also that there is no ice, fuels and lubricants and other materials on the surface of the ladder substances that promote gliding;
- when ascending (descending) the boarding ladder, you should exercise extreme caution and do not rush.

When refueling a helicopter, the following safety requirements must be observed:

- check the presence of grounding of the helicopter and the tanker, their connection with a cable to equalize the potentials of static electricity;
- make sure that the necessary fire extinguishing equipment is available near the helicopter;
- check whether electricity consumers are turned off, with the exception of fueling control devices.

When loading and unloading, the following basic requirements must be observed:

- the flight mechanic ensures that the helicopter is loaded with equipment and cargo through the cargo hatch along the ladders;
- before loading into the helicopter, it is necessary to open and fix the cargo hatch doors in the open position, place ladders under the required track of the self-propelled equipment being loaded, check the presence and serviceability of the required rigging and mooring equipment;
- when working in the dark, it is necessary to turn on the side lighting;
- approaches to the front door and emergency hatches are free and not cluttered with cargo or luggage;
- loads placed in a helicopter must be secured in such a way that the possibility of their spontaneous movement in flight is excluded;
- when closing the entrance door and cargo hatch doors, care should be taken to avoid pinching limbs;
- when preparing for work on transporting cargo on an external sling, the flight mechanic checks the availability of information on strength tests of sling elements; the use of slings and cables that have mechanical damage exceeding permissible standards is prohibited.

If it is necessary to climb up through the hatch to the engines and move along open hoods, exercise extreme caution.

Flight requirements.

The main condition for ensuring the safety of crew members during the execution of a flight mission is their strict compliance with the requirements of the GMP, Flight Manual and Helicopter Crew Operating Technology.

The helicopter commander starts the engines only after the aircraft technician reports that the helicopter is ready for flight, conducts a control inspection of the helicopter, and performs a pre-launch check.

Before starting the engines, the helicopter commander makes sure that the thrust blocks are under the landing gear wheels, and that there are no foreign objects or people near the helicopter and in the rotor rotation zone.

The aircraft technician's signal to immediately turn off the engines is immediately carried out.

The maximum number of people on board a helicopter does not exceed the number of seats equipped with seat belts.

Crew members during a flight while on their workplaces, fastened to the seats of the chairs with seat belts.

Taxiing of a helicopter is permitted on flat and solid ground; if possible, the dusty area is watered, and the snow-covered area is cleared of snow or rolled.

To perform taxiing, you must ensure that there are no obstacles in the taxiing path.

When taxiing, crew members monitor their surroundings and warn the helicopter commander about obstacles.

Taxiing near obstacles, in areas of heavy traffic of aircraft, special vehicles, people, as well as in limited visibility is performed at a speed that ensures timely stopping of the helicopter.

Taxiing speed is selected depending on the ground condition, wind direction, situation and does not exceed 30 km per hour. When taxiing in snow and dust, the taxi speed does not exceed 10 km per hour.

In case of uneven or sticky ground or loose snow, instead of taxiing, you should approach the launch site or take off directly from the parking lot.

The helicopter commander remembers that when landing in deep snow, the distance from the ground to the main rotor decreases, which is dangerous for passengers disembarking from the helicopter, therefore, in order to avoid an accident, the helicopter commander will instruct service passengers on the procedure for disembarking from the helicopter.

Helicopter flights at an altitude of more than 4000 m are carried out with the use of oxygen equipment by the crew; when using oxygen equipment, it should be remembered that in order to avoid the possibility of an explosion, it is necessary to exclude any contact of oxygen and fats, therefore, work with oxygen equipment should be done with clean hands without traces of fats and oils.

When taxiing, in hovering and flying modes, do not open the top hatch to inspect the propeller-engine group.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

If the helicopter is doused with fuel during refueling, the engines should be started no earlier than 10 - 15 minutes after removing the spilled fuel from the surface of the helicopter and its parking area.

If a fire occurs on the ground in a helicopter, all crew members immediately notify the ATC service and at the same time begin evacuating passengers. When extinguishing a fire, in addition to on-board means, it is necessary to additionally use ground fire extinguishing means available at the airfield.

During flight, if you detect smoke, burning or open fire, immediately report this to the helicopter commander and begin searching for and extinguishing the fire using fire extinguishers and other available means. The fire must be reported to the dispatcher.

If smoke appears in the cockpit, all crew members should wear smoke protective equipment (oxygen masks and smoke goggles)

In the event of a fire in any of the consumers electrical energy it must be disconnected immediately

Actions of crew members in case of emergency landing of a helicopter and other special cases comply with the requirements of the RLE.

Safety precautions

1. General requirements security

1.1. Helicopter crew members (hereinafter referred to as crew members), regardless of qualifications and work experience, must timely and fully undergo all types of occupational safety training (introductory, initial at the workplace, repeated). During breaks in flight work of more than 60 calendar days, as well as in case of violation of the requirements of the labor protection instructions, crew members must undergo unscheduled briefing (individually or by the entire helicopter crew). Persons who have not undergone instructions are not allowed to work.

1.2. Crew members must undergo a medical examination in accordance with Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 90 dated March 14, 1996 at the Medical Flight Expert Commission (VLEK).

1.3. Helicopter crew members who have not undergone periodic medical examination and annual certification at VLEK are not allowed to fly.

1.4. The main dangerous and harmful production factors are:

special vehicles and self-propelled mechanisms moving across the territory of the airfield;
rotating main and tail rotors of helicopters;
air and gas flows from operating rotors and aircraft engines, as well as stones, sand and other objects caught in them;
increased dust and gas pollution in the air;
protruding parts of the helicopter and its equipment;
increased slip (due to icing, wetting and oiling of airfield pavement surfaces and stepladders);
objects located on the surface of the helicopter parking area (rods, cables, grounding cables, external suspension elements);
performing work close to unprotected differences in height (on a stepladder, ladder, near an open hatch, front door);
sharp edges of parts, burrs, roughness on the surface of equipment, loads, ropes;
electric current, which, in the event of a short circuit, can pass through the human body;
transported cargo during loading and unloading operations in a helicopter;
falling loads, collapsing structures of lifting mechanisms;
increased noise and vibration levels;
increased or decreased air temperature and humidity;
static electricity discharges;
insufficient illumination of the work area, helicopter parking area, apron;
possible fire and explosion;
psycho-emotional and physical overload.
leaded gasoline.

1.5. Crew members, if necessary, must use special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment against exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors in accordance with current standards.

1.6. Crew members must be able to provide first aid to victims of accidents and use the on-board first aid kit.

1.7. In case of illness, poor health, or insufficient pre-flight rest, crew members are required to report their condition to the helicopter commander and seek medical help.

1.8. If an accident occurs with a crew member, he must be provided with first aid and, if necessary, transported to a medical unit or other medical institution, and also report the incident in the prescribed manner to organize an investigation in accordance with the current Regulations on the investigation and recording of industrial accidents .

1.9. Crew members must comply with the working and rest time regime established for them: norms of flight time, pre-flight and post-flight rest, rules of behavior while on duty or in reserve.

1.10. To prevent the possibility of fires and explosions, crew members must themselves comply with fire and explosion safety requirements and not allow violations by passengers, members of the team of slingers, loaders and customer representatives.

During the flight, smoking is prohibited both in the flight deck and in the cargo-passenger cabin.

1.11. Smoking is permitted only in designated areas.

1.12. For failure to comply with the requirements of this instruction, crew members are liable in accordance with current legislation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Helicopter crew members are required to undergo a medical examination before flying. Responsibility for the crew's compliance with the pre-flight regime outside their home base, as well as abroad, rests with the helicopter commander.

2.2. When moving around the airfield, crew members must comply with the following rules:

walk only along specially designated walking routes;
while walking, be careful and monitor changes in the environment, especially in difficult meteorological conditions (rain, fog, snowfall, ice) and in the dark, you should remember that in conditions of aircraft noise, the sound signals emitted by vehicles and the noise of the operating engine of the approaching special vehicles and self-propelled machinery may not be audible;
exercise caution and be attentive near areas of increased danger (areas of operating aircraft engines and rotation of aircraft and rotors of aircraft, radiation from antennas of ground and on-board radio equipment, taxiing and towing of aircraft, maneuvering special vehicles and mechanization equipment near an airliner, refueling an aircraft with fuel and lubricants, loading unloading operations, as well as on the roadway, pay attention to uneven and slippery areas on the surface of the airfield and avoid moving on them.

2.3. Before the pre-flight inspection of the helicopter, the flight mechanic must ensure:

in helicopter grounding;
there are thrust blocks under the chassis wheels;
availability of fire extinguishing equipment near the helicopter;
in the absence of small stones and foreign objects on the site near the helicopter that could get into the propeller blades or engines.

2.4. Crew members conduct a control inspection of the helicopter and its equipment in accordance with the requirements of the Flight Manual, in the sequence and scope provided for by the control inspection sheets.

2.5. During the pre-flight inspection it is necessary to:

use serviceable stepladders and ladders provided for the Mi-8 helicopter; special care should be taken in adverse weather conditions. Do not jump from stepladders or ladders or go down several steps.
be careful when moving around the parking lot so as not to trip or hit hoses, cables, cables, helicopter heating sleeves, thrust blocks, carts, cylinders;
to avoid head injury, be careful when moving near low-lying and protruding parts of the helicopter;
before climbing into the helicopter, you must make sure that the side ladder is securely installed, excluding the possibility of its spontaneous movement, and you should pay attention to the fact that the eyes of the ladder fit into the sockets, and also that there is no ice, fuels, lubricants and other substances on the surface of the ladder, promoting sliding;
When ascending (descending) the side ladder, you should exercise extreme caution and do not rush.

2.6. When refueling a helicopter, the following safety requirements must be observed:

check the presence of grounding of the helicopter and the tanker, their connection with a cable to equalize the potentials of static electricity;
make sure that the necessary fire extinguishing equipment is available near the helicopter;
check whether electricity consumers are turned off, with the exception of fueling control devices.

2.7. When refueling a helicopter, the following is prohibited:

switch on-board batteries, connect airfield power supplies;
carry out work on radio and electrical equipment;
perform work on a helicopter that involves sparking, open flame, and also use open fire at a distance of less than 25 m from the helicopter;
It is prohibited to refuel tanks while the helicopter’s engines are running or when it is at a distance of less than 25 m from other helicopters or aircraft with running engines.

2.8. When loading and unloading, the following basic requirements must be observed:

the flight mechanic must ensure that the helicopter is loaded with equipment and cargo through the cargo hatch along the ladders;
before loading into the helicopter, it is necessary to open and fix the cargo hatch doors in the open position, place ladders under the required track of the self-propelled equipment being loaded, check the presence and serviceability of the required rigging and mooring equipment;
when working in the dark, it is necessary to turn on the side lighting;
approaches to the front door and emergency hatches must be clear and not cluttered with cargo or luggage;
Loading of wheeled vehicles from the ground into the helicopter along the ramps through the cargo hatch must be done using a serviceable loading electric winch LPG-2, the winch is controlled by a flight mechanic;
Loading and unloading of self-propelled equipment (UAZ-469) should be done under its own power; when placing it in the cargo compartment, insurance with a parking brake and wheel chocks on both sides is required;
in the case of rolling two units of equipment connected to each other into a helicopter, thrust blocks should be placed under the wheels of the equipment in front;
Wheeled vehicles must be transported with reduced air pressure in the tires and with the axles mounted on support blocks;
cargo placed in a helicopter must be secured in such a way that the possibility of their spontaneous movement in flight is excluded;
small loads must be tied together or loaded into special boxes and secured to the floor using mooring nets and cables;
large cargo and transported equipment must be secured to the mooring rings on the floor of the cargo compartment using mooring ropes;
when closing the entrance door and cargo hatch doors, care should be taken to avoid pinching limbs;
transportation of long-size items is permitted with half-open cargo doors, which must be securely fastened;
When preparing for work on transporting cargo on an external sling, the flight engineer must check the availability of information on strength tests of sling elements; the use of slings and cables that have mechanical damage exceeding permissible standards is prohibited.

2.9. If it is necessary to climb up through the engine exit hatch and move along open hoods, extreme caution should be exercised.

3. Safety requirements during the flight mission

3.1. The main condition for ensuring the safety of crew members during the execution of a flight mission is their strict compliance with the requirements of the GMP, Flight Manual and Techniques for the crew of the Mi-8 helicopter.

3.2. The helicopter commander can start the engines only after the aircraft technician reports that the helicopter is ready for flight, conducts a control inspection of the helicopter, and performs a pre-launch check.

3.3. Before starting the engines, the helicopter commander must make sure that the thrust blocks are under the landing gear wheels, and that there are no foreign objects or people near the helicopter and in the rotor rotation zone.

3.4. The helicopter commander must give the command "from the rotors" and after receiving the response "Yes from the rotors" make sure that the aircraft technician is outside the rotor rotation zone in front - to the left in the field of view.

3.5. The aircraft technician's signal to immediately shut down the engines must be carried out immediately.

3.6. The maximum number of people on board a helicopter must not exceed the number of seats equipped with seat belts.

3.7. Crew members during the flight, while at their workplaces, must be fastened to their seats with seat belts.

3.8. Taxiing of a helicopter is permitted on flat and solid ground; if possible, the dusty area should be watered, and the snowy area should be cleared of snow or rolled.

3.9. To perform taxiing, you must ensure that there are no obstacles in the taxiing path.

3.10. When taxiing, crew members are required to monitor their surroundings and warn the helicopter commander about obstacles.

3.11. Taxiing near obstacles, in areas of heavy traffic of aircraft, special vehicles, people, as well as in limited visibility, must be performed at a speed that ensures timely stopping of the helicopter.

3.12. Taxiing speed should be selected depending on ground conditions, wind direction, and conditions and should not exceed 30 km per hour. When taxiing in snow and dust, the taxi speed should not exceed 10 km per hour.

3.13. In case of uneven or sticky ground or loose snow, instead of taxiing, you should approach the launch site or take off directly from the parking lot.

3.14. The helicopter commander must remember that when landing in deep snow, the distance from the ground to the main rotor decreases, which is dangerous for passengers disembarking from the helicopter, therefore, in order to avoid an accident, the helicopter commander must instruct service passengers on the procedure for disembarking from the helicopter.

3.15. The maneuver to pick up the load should be performed only after the platform is clearly visible from the hover.

3.16. During the picking up and lifting of the cargo, when braking before hovering, stowing and unhooking the cargo, the helicopter commander must fly according to the commands of the flight mechanic observing the work process.

3.17. During work, the flight mechanic must be at the open entrance door or hatch in the floor of the cargo cabin, and if there is no hatch, in the area of the cargo doors with the corner of the cargo door removed and, using the control system, inform the helicopter commander about the “behavior” of the cargo and the condition of the cable suspension and electric lock .

3.18. To prevent a possible fall from the front door or hatch during work, the flight mechanic must use a safety belt, and the leash of the belt must be attached with a carabiner to the power elements of the helicopter.

3.19. To ensure the safety of the flight mechanic, the external cable suspension hatch located in the floor of the cargo compartment must have a protective fence.

3.20. To avoid injury to the eyes and hands, the flight mechanic must use protective goggles from dust and snow when working with the external suspension, and gloves when working with the cable.

3.21. Helicopter flights at an altitude of more than 4000 m must be carried out with the use of oxygen equipment by the crew; when using oxygen equipment, it should be remembered that in order to avoid the possibility of an explosion, it is necessary to exclude any contact of oxygen and fats, therefore, you should work with oxygen equipment with clean hands without traces of fats and oils .

3.22. When taxiing, in hovering and flight modes, it is prohibited to open the top hatch to inspect the propeller-engine group.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If the helicopter is doused with fuel during refueling, the engines can be started no earlier than 10 - 15 minutes after removing the spilled fuel from the surface of the helicopter and its parking area.

4.2. If a fire occurs on the ground in a helicopter, all crew members must immediately notify the air traffic control service and simultaneously begin evacuating passengers. When extinguishing a fire, in addition to on-board means, it is necessary to additionally use ground fire extinguishing means available at the airfield.

4.3. During flight, if you detect smoke, burning or open fire, immediately report this to the helicopter commander and begin searching for and extinguishing the fire using fire extinguishers and other available means. The fire must be reported to the dispatcher.

4.4. If smoke appears in the cockpit, all crew members should wear smoke protective equipment (oxygen masks and smoke goggles)

4.5. In the event of a fire in any electrical energy consumer, it must be immediately de-energized

4.6. The actions of crew members in the event of an emergency landing of a helicopter and in other special cases must comply with the requirements of the Flight Manual.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. Loading and unloading of cargo, boarding and disembarking of passengers must be carried out with the engines stopped; in exceptional cases, if the site is without a slope and is not cluttered with foreign objects, the helicopter commander is given the right to decide on carrying out these operations with the engines running in compliance with all necessary safety requirements.

5.2. When disembarking people while the helicopter engines are running, people must move away from the helicopter at the command of a crew member, remaining within the commander’s field of view; they can approach the helicopter from this direction, accompanied by a crew member.

5.3. Crew members and members of the slinger team must remember that it is dangerous to be between frame No. 12 of the tail boom and the rotating tail rotor.

5.4. If it is necessary to unload a load of cargo through the cargo doors, the co-pilot must be located at frame No. 12 of the tail boom and, together with the flight mechanic, supervise the work of the personnel in unloading (loading).

5.5. When performing an external post-flight inspection of a helicopter, crew members must observe the precautions set out in paragraph 2.5. of this instruction.

5.6. Crew members must follow a safe path from the helicopter along the apron in designated places, taking into account taxiing helicopters, aircraft, and special vehicles.

Aviation technology

When performing work on vehicles, maintenance and repair equipment, personnel must know and strictly comply with safety requirements. Those guilty of violating safety requirements are held accountable in accordance with the established procedure.

Responsible for ensuring safety requirements and industrial sanitation standards in a military unit are the commanders, who are permanently or temporarily subordinate to the personnel performing maintenance work, AT.

Depending on the nature of the work performed, workplaces and hazardous areas must be equipped with general or individual, permanent or temporary instructions, signs and safety fences.

The work manager is responsible for timely warning of all persons located in dangerous areas (near or inside the aircraft, premises), installation and removal of temporary fences and safety signs. Warning commands about dangerous actions must be given in a way that guarantees their receipt by all specialists located in hazardous areas inside and outside the aircraft (premises).

Training in safe techniques and methods of work should be carried out in all units and institutions (organizations), regardless of the nature and degree of danger technological process, as well as the qualifications and experience of persons working in this position.

Before starting work, personnel must be familiar with the nature and conditions of the work and safety measures. When performing work on an aircraft, safety requirements must be observed to exclude the discharge of static electricity through people, accidental shots and launches, activation of ejection seat pyromechanisms, tank drops, landing gear folding, spontaneous activation of systems and electrical units, as well as other cases that may threaten the health of personnel. and lead to damage to the AT.

To do this you need to make sure that:

·VS is grounded;

· the canopy is locked in the open position;

· circuit breakers and switches in weapon control circuits are turned off, the trigger guard of the combat button is fixed in the stowed (safety) position, and the push switch for emergency release and launch of products is closed with a safety cap;

· ground fuses are installed in the corresponding pyromechanisms (assemblies) of the ejection seat and canopy;

· safety checks with red flags are installed in the pylons of the hanging tanks, in the launching and ejection devices;

· it is not permitted to openly refuel an aircraft with working fluids while it is in the flow of gases from taxiing aircraft. During precipitation, open refueling should only be done after taking appropriate precautions;

· when working with toxic liquids, avoid inhaling vapors and do not allow these liquids to come into contact with exposed parts of the body; in case of contact, wash these areas with warm water and soap;

· when working on an aircraft, ensure that no oil gets on the instruments, on-board fittings and pipelines of oxygen equipment. It is prohibited to work on the oxygen system with hands or tools that contain traces of oil or other fatty substances;

· when performing work in equipment compartments, take measures to prevent moisture (rain, snow, etc.) from entering electrical connectors and units located in these compartments; at maintenance weapons, aviation and radio-electronic equipment and electronic automation, take measures to prevent cases of short circuits, high voltage electric shocks and spontaneous switching on of equipment;

· before turning on the on-board or airfield power sources, you must obtain permission to perform work from an aircraft technician and install a stencil in front of the aircraft AIRCRAFT UNDER ELECTRIC;

· after the pilot(s) have boarded the cockpit, only aircraft technicians are allowed to be on the stairs to enter the cockpit (to provide the necessary assistance to the pilot(s);

· before performing inspections or work in the landing gear niches, at the wing mechanization, air intakes and brake flap, release the pressure in the hydraulic systems to zero;

· in order to avoid injury to operating personnel, before starting the engines, cleaning and releasing the wing mechanization, brake flap and air intake protective devices, issue commands in the established order and only after confirmation of completion, check the operability of the relevant systems;

· during engine startup and testing, as well as when refueling and draining fuel and when performing work on the oxygen system, fire extinguishing equipment must be located near the aircraft;

· to exclude cases of fire, make sure that all systems are tight when the engines are operating in MG mode, only after that test the engines at higher modes;

· while the engines are running, it is not allowed to be or walk in the dangerous areas located in front and behind the aircraft (Fig. 7), or to be on stepladders;

· when working with high-frequency equipment, strictly observe the measures provided for in the relevant instructions and regulations to protect personnel from exposure to radiation.

· Prohibited:

· carry out any work on the aircraft without the permission of the aircraft technician. Upon completion of the work, the aircraft must be de-energized, and the results of the work must be reported to the technician;

· performance of any work by specialists, including troubleshooting, after the pilot has boarded the cockpit;

· create pressure in the canopy sealing hose when the canopy is open;

· leave air pressure receivers (APR) uncovered;

· leave the free ends of the wires uninsulated; leave electrical panels of switchgear and terminal panels of live equipment open;

· turn on the on-board and connect the airfield power sources until the completion of work in electrical panels, as well as work on inspecting electrical devices; apply force to the electrical harnesses of electrical connectors when dismembering them;

· disconnect cables and feeders, remove casings from units, replace fuses and lamps when the power supply to the equipment is turned on;

· repair systems under current or pressure;

· leave the turbo starter doors open after ground checks;

· turn on the batteries until the installation of hanging tanks is completed.

When starting and testing engines, it is prohibited:

· start and test engines in the absence of communication between specialists in the cockpit and at the aircraft;

· start and test engines if there are traces of fuel and oil leakage from the aircraft and engine systems. If a leak is detected, eliminate the cause of the leak and remove any remaining fuel and oil from the aircraft compartments;

· leave the cabin;

· start the engine when the on-board batteries are discharged or absent;

· start the engine with faulty in-cab light indicators and engine control devices;

· during the startup process, before the engine enters the MG mode, set the throttle above the MG stop to avoid overheating of the turbine;

· move the throttle towards increasing the operating mode when the engine speed “freezes”;

· Perform adjustment work on the engine;

· set the engine to maximum or forced mode if the aircraft is not secured to the mooring ropes;

· turn the front support wheel;

· stop the engine by closing the fire valves, unless absolutely necessary;

· restart the engine until the RVD stops completely and until the reasons for the failed start are identified.

After entering information into the transponder, it is prohibited to remove batteries from the aircraft.

When the aircraft is parked, chocks must be installed under the wheels.

ATTENTION! IN ADDITION TO THE LISTED SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, WHEN PERFORMING WORK ON AN AIRCRAFT, IT IS NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH THE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR A SPECIFIC TYPE OF AIRCRAFT.

General instructions

When performing pre-flight preparation of aircraft, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements when working on aircraft, set out in the guidance documents on engineering and aviation support for combat operations (performing special tasks) and combat training of state aviation. To do this, you need to study the lecture notes on the design of aircraft systems and recommended literature.

During independent training hours, it is necessary to study the purpose and content of pre-flight preparation, safety requirements when working on an aircraft. The work is carried out in the parking lot of the aircraft of the training equipment and training equipment department (OUTTA). Before starting work, students will be assessed through a survey to determine their level of readiness for the lesson. Based on the results of the survey, they receive permission to perform pre-flight preparation. The teacher introduces students to aircraft parking equipment and explains safety requirements. Having divided the training department into two groups, he gives the task of performing a pre-flight inspection of the aircraft, eliminating identified faults, and performing other types of work. Work at each workplace is carried out according to route and technological maps under the guidance of a senior practical training instructor.

1. Before starting pre-flight preparations, accept the aircraft from chipboard.

To do this:

· in the presence chipboard by external inspection, check the condition of the aircraft, covers, the presence and serviceability of seals, in accordance with the sealing scheme, the presence of aircraft parking equipment, according to the parking inventory. If you find external damage or a broken seal, immediately report it to the command. Opening such an aircraft and preparing it for flight is carried out only with the permission of the head of the OUTTA, who reports the incident and his decision to a superior officer;

· after making sure that there are no external damages on the aircraft and that the sealing is in good order, sign in the aircraft acceptance log;

2. Execute preparatory work:

· prepare the necessary SNO OP, tools and control equipment;

· uncover the aircraft, install side stairs to enter the cockpit and access the units located on the upper surface of the fuselage. Place the covers and plugs on the rack;

· check the grounding of the aircraft, install chocks under the wheels, clean the trim and niches from dust, dirt and ice. Wipe the cockpit canopy glass;

· open the hatch covers, marked with color markings corresponding to the type of preparation;

· ensure the safety requirements specified in the relevant section of the RO;

· obtain information from the weather station about the atmospheric pressure of the day, normalized to the runway level;

· drain 0.5 liters of fuel from the drain points of the supply tank and make sure there is no water, ice crystals and mechanical impurities. Store the sludge until the end of the flight day.

3. Execute inspection work in accordance with the inspection route (Fig. 1), the inspection is carried out according to the regulations specified in the route map.

To work at aviation technology Persons who have studied the safety rules and passed an assessment of their mastery are admitted.

Before carrying out an inspection and performing routine maintenance, it is necessary to take all safety measures to prevent the discharge of static electricity of the helicopter through people, spontaneous switching on of electrical units, fire on the helicopter and injury to people.

To do this you need:

install chocks under the helicopter wheels;

ground the helicopter;

set all gas stations and power consumer switches to the “Off” position;

put the main rotor on the brake.

When connecting power sources to the helicopter, a stencil “Helicopter under current” must be posted. Sources of electricity should be connected to the helicopter network with the permission of the on-board technician, and during the period of routine maintenance - by the head of the routine maintenance group at the joint venture.

After performing routine or installation work on the engine, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of all systems at idle mode, and then check the engines at higher modes.

When the engines are running, it is prohibited for anyone to be in the engine and gear compartments, as well as in the tail rotor area.

When inspecting the power plant after turning off the engines, care must be taken to avoid burns from touching hot parts.

It is prohibited to operate the engine in a suspended state. To perform installation work on an engine removed from a helicopter, it is necessary to use a special trolley from the ground equipment kit.

Portable electric lamps used to inspect a helicopter must be in good working order, have safety nets, and not spark.

Hydraulic lifts and cranes must be in good working order. It is strictly forbidden to use faulty lifting equipment when performing work on a helicopter.

The tires of the chassis wheels must be inflated only through a special gearbox with a pressure gauge, avoiding air pressure in the tires that is not provided for by the technical specifications. If the air pressure is high, the tire may be destroyed and personnel may be injured.

During the technical operation of radio-electronic, aviation equipment and weapons, it is necessary to take security measures to prevent cases of short circuit, injury to people by high voltage current and spontaneous operation of equipment.

When performing work on a helicopter, it is prohibited:

touch the helicopter after taxiing to the parking lot in the absence of grounding;

lean stepladders and other airfield equipment not covered with soft material against the helicopter skin;

leave the free ends of electrical wires uninsulated;

leave electrical panels of switchgear and terminal panels of live equipment open;

carry out installation and dismantling work in electrical circuits if the helicopter is under current;

open the spark gaps of the SKNA-22-2A ignition unit;

remove the substrate with the radioactive drug from the sensor of the RIO-3 icing alarm;

lubricate the valves of oxygen cylinders with any lubricant;

carry out work on servicing oxygen equipment with hands that have not been cleaned of oil, and with tools that have traces of oil and fatty substances.

Before starting and testing engines, it is necessary to check the availability of fire extinguishing equipment, and also make sure that ground support equipment is correctly placed on the parking area and that there are no foreign objects near the helicopter.

Starting and testing engines is permitted only to the pilot if there is a full helicopter crew.

The crew testing the engines is prohibited from leaving the helicopter cabin with the engines running.

Before starting the engines, opening and closing the cargo hatches, and turning the main rotor blades, you must issue warning commands and make sure that there are no people or foreign objects in these places and near the helicopter (in the area of the propellers and rotating parts of the units). Warning commands must be communicated to all personnel located near and inside the helicopter. The specified work can be carried out only after receiving response reports on the safety of personnel.

It is prohibited to repair (disassemble) systems under pressure.

When working with B-3V oil, the following safety precautions must be observed:

do not allow oil to get on the painted surfaces of components and assemblies, rubber parts, electrical wiring, etc. If oil gets on them, it must be immediately removed with a cloth soaked in gasoline or kerosene;

After finishing work, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially before eating;

do not allow B-3B oil to be mixed with mineral oils;

The use of mineral oil containers is prohibited.

When working with AB and DTO, strictly observe safety measures that exclude unintentional shots, launch of NURS, 9M17M products, activation of pyrotechnics, dropping ammunition and other cargo.

When working with pyro devices, it is prohibited:

expose the squibs to mechanical stress (impacts, falls, punctures);

use faulty or uncertified devices to check squibs;

disassemble squibs;

unauthorized persons to be present at the workplace;

smoking and lighting a fire, placing heating devices and flammable substances near the inspection site.

Before starting work on units and systems with pyro devices, as well as when storing the helicopter, they must be discharged. Pyro devices should be deposited in accordance with the established procedure.

Electrical testing of 9P513 equipment, guided missiles and bomber weapons (BV) is carried out in the absence of 9M17M products, rockets, or aerial bombs installed on the helicopter. Check NUV-1U with the A-12.7 product discharged.

Upon completion of checks of weapons control systems, it is necessary to ensure that all release (launch, fire) circuits on the helicopter are turned off.

Equipping a helicopter with ammunition is permitted only after checking the operability of all helicopter systems under current.

Prohibited:

equip the helicopter with ammunition and remove it with the engines running;

to be in front of or behind launchers, blocks, under suspended loads, in front of long-range, cocking mechanisms and weapon barrels when loading a helicopter with ammunition;

troubleshoot and perform any electrical work in helicopter electrical circuits with loaded weapons and suspended ammunition;

hang and remove aerial bombs with fuses screwed in, except those specified in the instructions;

remove weapons from installations if there are cartridges in the chamber;

throw ammunition and move it by drag;

carry cartridges and fuses by hand without placing them in containers;

place cartridges of the 9M17M product on the ground (concrete) without containers;

strike ammunition and fuses;

unload the helicopter on the ground by dropping ammunition according to signals from the cockpit;

pull the fuse ball plug through the MPI groove when removing aerial bombs from the holders;

use ammunition for purposes other than its intended purpose, as well as repair them.

When loading (unloading) the A-12.7 product, UB-32A (UB-16) units, reloading and lowering the moving parts of the A-12.7 product, eliminating delays in firing, suspending aerial bombs, installing 9M17M products on guides in front at a distance A red flag must be installed in a visible place 5 m from the helicopter during the day, and a red light at night, signaling the danger of passing and driving in front of the helicopter. In this case, all gas stations and weapon system switches must be turned off. The presence of people in helicopter cabins is prohibited; cabin hatches must be closed.

If a weapon failure occurs during flight (failure to release bombs, failure of RS or 9M17M products, delay in firing of A-12.7 products, spontaneous firing, launch, reset), after landing the helicopter, it is necessary to turn it in a safe direction and turn off the engines, and then determine the cause malfunctions, observing safety measures that exclude an accidental shot, dropping aerial bombs, launching 9M17M products or unguided missiles.

carry out any work on 9M17M products installed on a helicopter other than those provided for by the Unified Regulations;

use military products for educational purposes and training;

take products by wings and tracers;

hit the product with any object;

transport products without capping;

carry and stack boxes with products with the lid down;

load the launcher with a product dropped from a height of 0.5 m (the fallen product is sent to the warehouse with the appropriate mark in the form);

charge the launcher with 9M17M products when the 9P513 equipment is faulty;

place the safety caps of the 9M17M product, clamps, foreign objects on the launcher guides, and also stand on them with your feet;

turn on the equipment if the cable shielding is damaged;

close the contacts of the control connectors;

install on a helicopter simultaneously 9M17M products with different codes and letters.

When checking 9P513 equipment under current, make sure that:

the helicopter is deployed towards the permitted sector;

an absorbing damper is installed on the antenna;

The switches on the ZG-111U and 5Sh-111U units are in position “1”.

Mechanical release of the BD3-55TN lock must be performed only with a special key included in the tool kit. It is strictly forbidden to perform a mechanical release of the lock with any other tool.

Check the RS button and install the PUS-36-68 in its original position with the UB-32A (UB-16) units discharged.

Discharge the blocks separately (first the external blocks, then the internal ones).

The UB-32A (UB-16) blocks are equipped with unguided S-5 type projectiles from the same batch.

It is allowed to inspect the A-12.7 product after firing only after it has completely cooled.

When equipping an ammunition belt with ammunition, the cartridges in it must be manufactured by one factory and one batch; as an exception, it is allowed to have cartridges with the same type of bullets from two batches in one belt.

The belt should not contain cartridges with damaged bullets, rotation and rolling in the cartridge case, cracks on the barrels of the cartridge cases, corrosion of primers and bullets, improper seating of the igniter primer, dents in the cartridge cases, as well as cartridges that were previously used in automatic weapons.

The tape links should not have cracks and should not be stretched along the pitch.

In all cases when a helicopter is on the ground with a radioisotope icing detector RIO-3 installed on it, the detector pin must be covered with a protective casing with a red flag. The protective cover must be removed before flight.

When replacing the RIO-3 icing detector or the SKNA-22-2A ignition unit due to a breakdown or exhaustion of the RIO-3 sensor or the SKNA-22-2A ignition unit discharger with a radioactive radiation source, they must be sent to the manufacturer or transferred to act to a specialized organization. The RIO-3 sensor and the spark gap of the SKNA-22-2A ignition unit with a source of radioactive radiation are not subject to destruction and burial in the unit.

When the struts are removed on Mi-8TV helicopters, it is prohibited to install any weapons on the load-bearing trusses.

2. Scope and content of types of preparationsaviation REO of the helicopter under studyfor flights:

Preliminary training (day of work on aviation equipment),

Pre-flight preparation,

Preparing for a second flight

Post-flight preparation.

Pre-flight preparation of aircraft is carried out immediately before flights in accordance with the tasks of the flight day (night) and includes:

Pre-flight inspection of aircraft and elimination of identified faults;

Checking compliance of refueling and charging of aircraft systems with the flight assignment;

Installation of removable equipment on aircraft;

Refueling (recharging) of aircraft systems according to flight instructions;

Input of initial data (programs) into navigation, sighting and other systems;

Preparation of ASP for use;

Armed Forces ASP equipment;

Acceptance of the aircraft by the flight crew and checking its readiness for flight in accordance with the requirements of the flight manual (hereinafter referred to as the Flight Manual).

Pre-flight preparation is a critical element in flight safety activities. Final operations, as well as the completeness and quality of aircraft preparation for flight as a whole, should be subject to especially careful control.

On the eve of pre-flight preparation, the group leader is obliged to:

report to the deputy squadron commander for IAS on the state of the AT;

receive instructions on organizing the work of the ITS on a flight day, determine crew compositions for preparing the aircraft for flights according to technological schedules, assign personnel to the crew for preparing the weather reconnaissance aircraft;

amounts to personal plan work.

During the pre-flight preparation period, the head of the maintenance group is obliged to:

control the arrival of group personnel;

assign (clarify) a task to subordinate personnel for the flight day;

carry out operational control of the preparation of AT;

Personally inspect the aircraft on which malfunctions have been identified and give instructions on how to eliminate them.

After completing the pre-flight preparation of the aircraft, the aircraft technician and technical calculation specialists fill out the preparation log and report to the head of the technical calculation about the completion of the pre-flight preparation of the aircraft.

After monitoring the pre-flight preparation of the aircraft, the head of the technical crew reports to the commander ato about its implementation. Commander ato after completion of pre-flight preparation on all aircraft ato allocated for flights, reports to the senior flight engineer on the completion of pre-flight preparation of the aircraft for flights.

After pre-flight preparation has been completed, conducting training exercises on prepared aircraft is prohibited.

Upon arrival of the flight crew, the aircraft technician reports to the crew commander on the completion of pre-flight preparation of the aircraft, the amount of fuel filled and equipment of the aircraft in accordance with the flight instructions. The flight crew accepts the aircraft and checks its readiness for flight to the extent required by the flight manual in accordance with the flight assignment. The crew commander makes an entry in the training log about the acceptance of the aircraft.

The time of pre-flight preparation of the aircraft for flight is considered continuous time from the start of preparation work until the aircraft is ready to taxi for takeoff.

Applies to the crew of the Mi-8 helicopter (helicopter commander, co-pilot, flight mechanic and other flight specialists included in the flight assignment) and contains basic labor protection requirements for crew members when performing their job duties.

STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
FOR CREW MEMBERS
MI-8 HELICOPTER

TOI R-54-005-99

The standard instruction comes into force from 01.08.99

FEDERAL AIR TRANSPORT SERVICE OF RUSSIA

ORDER

Moscow

On approval and entry into force of the Model Instructions
on labor protection for crew members of the Mi-8 helicopter

In order to improve work to prevent cases of industrial injuries at enterprises and civil aviation organizations

I ORDER:

1. Approve and put into effect from 01.08.99 the Standard Labor Safety Instructions for Mi-8 helicopter crew members, agreed upon with the Russian Flight Crew Trade Union (attached).

2. Heads of civil aviation enterprises and organizations should be guided by these Standard Instructions when developing labor safety instructions for crew members of the Mi-8 helicopter.

3. To the Head of the Labor Safety Service of the FSVT of Russia V.V. Elensky. organize the replication of the Standard Instructions together with LLC "MNPP - Labor Protection-90" (at the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation), taking into account compensation for the costs of its development and distribution.

4. Control over the implementation of the order shall be assigned to the Deputy Director of the Federal Service for Military Transport of Russia A.K. Bondareva.

Director		V.I. Andreev

Endorsed:
Deputy Director		A.K. Bondarev
Head of the State National Security Bureau		A.V. Neradko
Deputy Business Manager		A.N. Kholmtsev
Head of Labor Safety Service		V.V. Elensky
Head of ZPU		Yu.V. Korzunov

1. GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Real Standard instructions* applies to the crew of the MV-8 helicopter (helicopter commander, co-pilot, flight mechanic and other flight specialists included in the flight assignment) and contains basic requirements for labor protection of crew members when performing their official duties. Special requirements to ensure the safety of crew members in the process of preparing for flight and during the flight are set out in the Flight Operation Manual of the Mi-8 helicopter (hereinafter referred to as the Flight Operations Manual), the Flight Operations Manual (hereinafter referred to as the Flight Operations Manual) and the Crew Operations Technology Mi-8 helicopter.

________________

* Based on the Standard Instructions, labor protection instructions are developed taking into account the specific conditions at the enterprise (organization). The procedure for the development, execution, coordination and approval of instructions is defined in the Guidelines for the development of instructions on labor protection in civil aviation, approved by DVT dated January 17, 1995 No. DV-5/I.

1.2. Helicopter crew members (hereinafter referred to as crew members), regardless of qualifications and work experience, must timely and fully undergo all types of occupational safety training (introductory, initial at the workplace, repeated). During breaks in flight work for more than 60 calendar days, as well as in case of violation of labor safety instructions, crew members must undergo unscheduled briefing (individually or as a whole helicopter crew). Persons who have not undergone instructions are not allowed to work.

1.3. During work, the crew may be adversely affected by the following main hazardous and harmful production factors:

Aircraft, special vehicles and self-propelled mechanisms moving through the airfield;

Rotating main and tail rotors of helicopters;

Air and gas flows from operating rotors and aircraft engines, as well as stones, sand and other objects caught in them;

Increased dust and gas pollution in the air;

Protruding parts of the helicopter and its equipment;

Increased slip (due to icing, wetting and oiling of airfield pavement surfaces, stepladders, etc.);

Objects located on the surface of the helicopter parking area (hoses, cables, grounding cables, external suspension elements, etc.);

Performing work close to unprotected differences in height (on a stepladder, ladder, near an open hatch, entrance door, etc.);

An electric current that, in the event of a short circuit, can pass through the human body;

Sharp edges, burrs, roughness on the surface of equipment, loads, ropes, etc.;

Moved cargo during loading and unloading operations in a helicopter;

Falling loads, collapsing structures of lifting mechanisms;

Increased noise and vibration levels;

Increased or decreased temperature and humidity;

Static electricity discharges;

Insufficient illumination of the work area, helicopter parking area, apron;

Possible fire or explosion;

Psycho-emotional and physical overload.

1.4. To monitor their health, the helicopter crew must undergo an annual medical examination at the Medical Flight Expert Commission (VLEK) and periodic medical examinations in the prescribed manner.

1.5. Helicopter crew members who have not undergone periodic medical examination and annual certification at VLEK are not allowed to fly.

1.6. Crew members, if necessary, must use special clothing, safety shoes and other equipment personal protection from exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors in accordance with current Standards.

1.7. Crew members must be able to provide first aid to victims of accidents and use the on-board first aid kit.

1.8. In case of illness, poor health, or insufficient pre-flight rest, crew members are required to report their condition to the helicopter commander and seek medical help.

1.9. If an accident occurs with a crew member, he must be given first aid and, if necessary, taken to a medical unit or other medical institution, as well as report the incident in the prescribed manner to organize an investigation of this incident in accordance with the current Regulations on the investigation and recording of accidents on production.

1.10. Crew members must comply with the working and rest time regime established for them: standards for flight time, pre-flight and post-flight rest, rules of behavior while on duty, in reserve, etc.

1.11. To prevent the possibility of fires and explosions, crew members must themselves comply with fire and explosion safety requirements and not allow violations by passengers, members of the team of slingers, loaders and customer representatives (do not smoke in the aircraft parking area, do not use open fire, etc. ). During the flight, smoking is prohibited both in the flight deck and in the cargo-passenger cabin.

1.12. Crew members who do not comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability as a violation of labor discipline. If a violation of labor safety instructions is associated with causing property damage to the enterprise, crew members may be subject to financial liability in the prescribed manner.

2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE DEPARTURE IN THE PROCESS OF PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION

2.1. Helicopter crew members are required to undergo a medical examination before flying.

Responsibility for the crew's compliance with the pre-flight regime outside their home base, as well as abroad, rests with the helicopter commander.

2.2. When moving around the airfield Crew members must comply with the following rules:

2.2.1. Walk only on designated walking routes.

2.2.2. While walking, be careful and monitor changes in the environment, especially in difficult meteorological conditions (rain, fog, snowfall, ice, etc.) and in the dark; It should be remembered that in conditions of aircraft noise, the sound signals emitted by vehicles and the noise of the running engine of an approaching special vehicle or self-propelled mechanism may not be audible.

2.2.3. Exercise caution and be attentive near areas of increased danger (areas of operating aircraft engines and rotation of aircraft and rotors of aircraft, radiation from antennas of ground and on-board radio equipment, taxiing and towing of aircraft, maneuvering special vehicles and mechanization equipment near an aircraft, refueling an aircraft with fuel and lubricants, loading - unloading works, etc.), as well as on the roadway, pay attention to uneven and slippery spots on the surface of the airfield and avoid moving on them.

2.3. Before pre-flight inspection helicopter flight mechanic must make sure:

Is the helicopter grounded?

There are thrust blocks under the chassis wheels;

Fire extinguishing equipment is available near the helicopter;

There are no small stones or foreign objects on the site near the helicopter that could get into the propeller blades or engines.

2.5. During the pre-flight inspection necessary:

2.5.1. Use serviceable stepladders and ladders provided for the Mi-8 helicopter; Particular care should be taken in adverse weather conditions (for example, rain, snow). You cannot jump off stepladders or ladders or go down several steps.

2.5.2. Be careful when moving around the parking lot to avoid tripping or hitting hoses, cables, cables, helicopter heating sleeves, stop blocks, carts, cylinders, etc.

2.5.3. To avoid head injury, be careful when moving near low-lying or protruding parts of the helicopter.

2.5.4. Before climbing into the helicopter, you must make sure that the side ladder is securely installed, eliminating the possibility of its spontaneous movement; In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the eyes of the ladder fit into the sockets, and also that there is no ice, fuels, lubricants or other substances that promote sliding on the surface of the ladder.

2.5.5. When ascending (descending) the side ladder, you should exercise extreme caution and do not rush.

2.6. When refueling a helicopter The following safety requirements must be observed:

2.6.1. Before refueling the helicopter:

Check that the helicopter and tanker are grounded and connected with a cable to equalize static electricity potentials;

Make sure that the necessary fire extinguishing equipment is available near the helicopter;

Check whether electricity consumers are turned off, with the exception of fueling control devices.

2.6.2. While refueling a helicopter prohibited:

Switch on-board batteries, connect airfield power supplies;

Carry out work on radio and electrical equipment;

Perform work on a helicopter that involves sparks, open flames, and also use open flames at a distance of less than 25 m from the helicopter.

2.6.3. It is prohibited to refuel tanks while the helicopter’s engines are running or when it is located at a distance of less than 25 m from other helicopters or aircraft with running engines.

2.7. When loading and unloading The following basic requirements must be met:

2.7.1. The flight mechanic is obliged to ensure that the helicopter is loaded with equipment and cargo through the cargo hatch along the ladders.

2.7.2. When working at night, it is necessary to turn on the side lighting.

2.7.3. Before loading into the helicopter, it is necessary to open and lock the cargo hatch doors in the open position, place the ladders under the required track of the self-propelled equipment being loaded (or cargo on the trolley), and check the presence and serviceability of the required rigging and mooring equipment.

2.7.4. Approaches to the entrance door and emergency hatches must be clear and not blocked by cargo or luggage.

2.7.5. Loading of wheeled vehicles (or cargo on a trolley) from the ground into the helicopter along the ladders through the cargo hatch must be done using a serviceable loading electric winch LPG-2 (LPG-150); The winch is controlled by the flight mechanic.

2.7.6. Loading and unloading of self-propelled equipment (for example, a UAZ-469 class vehicle, etc.) should be done under its own power; when placing it in the cargo compartment, it is necessary to secure it with a parking brake and wheel chocks on both sides.

2.7.7. If two units of equipment linked to each other are rolled into a helicopter, thrust blocks should be placed under the wheels of the equipment in front.

2.7.8. Wheeled vehicles must be transported with reduced air pressure in the tires and with axles (axles) mounted on support blocks.

2.7.9. Loads placed in a helicopter must be secured in such a way that the possibility of spontaneous movement during flight is excluded.

2.7.10. Small loads must be tied together or loaded into special boxes and secured to the floor using mooring nets and mooring ropes.

2.7.11. Large cargo and transported equipment must be secured to the mooring rings on the floor of the cargo compartment using mooring ropes.

2.7.12. When closing the entrance door and cargo hatch doors, you should be careful and attentive to avoid getting your limbs pinched.

2.7.13. Transportation of long-size cargo (for example, rotor blades, etc.) is permitted with half-open cargo doors, which must be securely fastened.

2.7.14. When preparing for work on transporting cargo on an external sling, the flight mechanic must check the availability of information on strength tests of sling elements; the use of slings and cables that have mechanical damage exceeding the permissible standards (for example, broken cable threads, cable nicks, etc.) is prohibited.

2.8. If you need to climb up through the exit hatch to the engines and move along open hoods, you should exercise extreme caution and do not rush.

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING THE FLIGHT TASK PERFORMANCE

3.1. The main condition for ensuring the safety of crew members during the flight mission is their strict compliance with the requirements of the GMP, Flight Manual and the Crew Operations Technology of the Mi-8 helicopter.

3.4. The helicopter commander must give the command “Away from the rotors” and, after receiving the response “Yes, from the rotors,” make sure that the aircraft technician is outside the rotor rotation zone in front - to the left in the field of view.

3.5. The aircraft technician's signal to immediately shut down the engines (during startup) must be carried out immediately.

3.6. The maximum number of people on board a helicopter should not exceed the number of seats equipped with seat belts.

3.7. During the flight, crew members, while at their workplaces, must be fastened to their seats with seat belts.

3.8. Taxiing of a helicopter is permitted on flat and stable ground; If possible, the dusty area should be watered, and the snow-covered area should be cleared of snow or rolled.

3.9. To perform taxiing, you must ensure that there are no obstacles in the taxiing path.

3.10. When taxiing, crew members are required to monitor their surroundings and warn the helicopter commander about obstacles.

3.11. Taxiing near obstacles, in areas of heavy traffic of aircraft, special vehicles, people, as well as in limited visibility must be performed at a speed that ensures timely stopping of the helicopter.

3.12. Taxiing speed should be selected depending on ground conditions, wind direction, and conditions and should not exceed 30 km/h. When taxiing in snow and dust, the taxi speed should not exceed 10 km/h.

3.13. If the ground is uneven or sticky, or if there is deep or loose snow, instead of taxiing, you should approach the start or take off directly from the parking lot.

3.14. The helicopter commander must remember that when landing in deep snow, the distance from the ground to the main rotor decreases, which is dangerous for passengers who disembark from the helicopter; Therefore, in order to avoid an accident, the helicopter pilot must instruct service passengers on the procedure for disembarking from the helicopter.

3.15. The maneuver for hooking up (unhooking) the load should be performed only after the platform is clearly visible from the hover.

3.16. During pickup and lifting of cargo, when braking before hovering, stowing and unhooking cargo, the helicopter commander must fly according to the commands of the flight mechanic observing the work process.

3.18. To prevent a possible fall from the front door or hatch during work, the flight mechanic must use a safety belt; the leash of the belt must be attached with a carabiner to the power elements of the helicopter (mooring rings on the floor of the cargo compartment, etc.).

3.19. To ensure the safety of the flight mechanic, the external cable suspension hatch located in the floor of the cargo compartment must have a protective fence.

3.20. To avoid injury to the eyes and hands, the flight mechanic must use protective goggles from dust and snow when working with the external suspension, and gloves when working with the cable.

3.21. Helicopter flights at altitudes above 4000 m must be carried out using oxygen equipment by the crew; when using oxygen equipment, you should remember that in order to avoid the possibility of an explosion, it is necessary to exclude any contact between oxygen and fats; Therefore, you should work with oxygen equipment with clean hands without traces of fats and oils.

3.22. When taxiing, in hovering and flying modes, it is prohibited to open the top hatch to inspect the propeller-engine group.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

4.2. If a fire occurs in a helicopter on the ground, the crew members must immediately notify the air traffic control service and simultaneously begin evacuating passengers. When extinguishing a fire, in addition to on-board means, it is necessary to additionally use ground fire extinguishing means available at the airfield.

4.3. During flight, if smoke, burning or open flame is detected, you must immediately report this to the helicopter commander and begin searching for and extinguishing the fire using hand-held fire extinguishers and other available means. The fire must be reported to the air traffic controller.

4.4. If smoke appears in the cockpit, all crew members should wear smoke protective equipment (oxygen masks and smoke goggles).

4.5. In the event of a fire in any electrical energy consumer, it must be immediately de-energized.

4.6. The actions of crew members in the event of an emergency landing of a helicopter and in other special cases must comply with the requirements of the Flight Manual.

5. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AT END OF FLIGHT

5.1. Loading and unloading of cargo, boarding and disembarking of passengers must be carried out with the engines stopped; in exceptional cases, if the site is not sloped and is not cluttered with foreign objects, the helicopter commander is given the right to decide to carry out these operations with the engines running in compliance with all necessary safety requirements.

5.2. When disembarking people while the helicopter engines are running, people must move away from the helicopter at the command of a crew member, remaining within the commander’s field of vision; You can approach the helicopter from the same direction, accompanied by a crew member.

5.3. Crew members and members of the slinger team must remember that it is dangerous to be between frame No. 12 of the tail boom and the rotating tail rotor.

5.4. If it is necessary to unload (load) cargo through the cargo doors, the co-pilot must be at frame No. 12 of the tail boom and, together with the flight mechanic, supervise the work of the ground personnel unloading (loading) the cargo.

5.5. When performing an external post-flight inspection of a helicopter, crew members must observe the precautions set out in paragraph. of this Standard Instruction.

5.6. Crew members must follow a safe path from the helicopter along the apron in designated places, taking into account taxiing helicopters, airplanes, running engines, rotating propeller blades, moving special vehicles, apron mechanization in accordance with safety requirements when moving around the airfield.

This Standard Instruction was developed by MNPP Labor Protection-90 LLC (at the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation), (performed by Vasilenko A.E., Morozova S.G.) under the general editorship of V.V. Elensky (labor safety service of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia), approved with departments and departments of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia: UGBP (Neradko A.V.), UPLG GVS (Shilov V.V.), ZPU (Korzunov Yu.V.), SPASOP (E.L. Timonin), OAMiOT (Khvatov E.V. .).