Multi-storey residential building relevance of the topic. Course work: Multi-storey residential building. Brief description of the natural and climatic conditions of the construction site

Introduction

In the last six months, the Russian Government has been paying great attention to low-rise construction, considering it as a real way to create housing for the middle class.

Dmitry Medvedev, as the person responsible for the implementation of the national project “Affordable Housing”, in the spring of 2006 proposed to the president to expand the project by introducing the law on low-rise construction, since its cost in most cases is comparable, and sometimes even lower, compared to “regular” multi-storey construction. Now we are talking not so much about a separate law, but about introducing an additional chapter into the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. According to the authorities, the construction of such villages will be carried out by cooperatives of citizens, who will be provided with various benefits.

New scales capital construction require rapid development and technical improvement of the construction industry, a significant expansion of production volume, improvement of the quality of building materials and maximum acceleration of construction work.

1. Affordable comfortable housing

Providing the population with comfortable and affordable housing is a priority activity of the construction complex. In the current economic conditions, the profitability of the industry can be achieved through the maximum use of funds from specific customers - both legal entities and individuals.

But the severity of the housing problem is aggravated by the lack of financial resources among the majority of the population in need of living space.

This factor, as well as the relevance and importance of the task at hand, have at the present stage intensified the activities of civil engineering scientists in searching for effective ways construction of low-rise buildings. Thus, a technology for the production of self-fixing wall building blocks, which is fundamentally new for domestic practice, has been created and patented, and on their basis - process construction of a residential building, providing the necessary strength, architectural, thermal qualities, speed and ease of assembly of structures.

The construction of low-rise buildings from self-fixing wall building blocks is, first of all, intended for the most massive, middle-income group of the population, which is not subject to social protection and is forced to invest their own funds.

Residential buildings with one or two floors can be built in villages, small and medium-sized cities, as well as in suburban areas of large and large cities.

The proposed technology involves the construction of all buildings on the estate plot. Depending on their purpose, the design of the block for constructing walls varies: warm is used for a residential building; semi-warm - for buildings that house livestock; cold - for garage, shed.

Thanks to the maximum unification of self-fixing wall products, simplicity and convenience of erecting walls without the use of mortar in the generally accepted way and high labor productivity are ensured. In this case, no special training of operating personnel is required.

The construction of facilities can be carried out by a person of almost any profession. The fact is that the building blocks have a special design that facilitates their forced and correct installation

. Relevance of low-rise construction

In the context of the developing crisis, it is low-rise construction that will help maintain the volume of activity in the construction industry. This was discussed at the round table “Relevance of using new energy and resource-saving technologies for low-rise construction in times of crisis,” held as part of the 3rd Moscow Forum of Real Estate Market Leaders MREF 2008. The event was organized by the National Agency for Low-Rise and Cottage Construction (NAMIX).

“Now, with stagnation and recession in the construction industry, it is low-rise housing construction, with all the wealth of choice of technologies, that will help maintain the pace and volume of construction,” noted the moderator of the Round Table, Deputy Executive Director of NAMICS Petr Kazmin.

According to a statement by Sergei Tsygamenko, president of the Ecopan Association, in the near future, the organization, based on its low-rise housing construction technology, will launch a pilot project to create economical, energy-intensive and environmentally friendly “autonomous houses” based on wireless heating and electricity supply systems using solar energy. In addition, the Ecopan association plans, along with the production of SIP panels, to build 3-4 plants for the production of OSB, which will halve the cost of one square meter housing.

President of the NESST Association Yuri Shershnev presented a new element of the technology of monolithic low-rise housing construction - a specially shaped metal mesh as permanent formwork. “With this type of wall production, lightweight concrete takes on a specific shape, as a result of which the entire structure of the house becomes several times more earthquake-resistant than with conventional structures, and, in addition, the load on the foundation is reduced by 6 times.”

“The main task now, in the conditions of financial instability of the construction market, is to show innovation and efficiency of low-rise buildings, to clearly prove that even in the economy class you can make a high-quality and comfortable product,” emphasized Sergei Zhuravlev, Deputy Chairman of the Expert Council of the Russian House of the Future project "

3. Space-planning solution

This residential building is a two-story, two-section building with parking in the basement level. The building is rectangular in plan, with dimensions in axes 1-9 - 49.2 m, in axes A-E- 19.8 m. The height of the ground and first floors is 3.3 m, the height of the second floor is 3 meters. The number of apartments in one residential section on the ground floor is 5 in section A and 6 in section B.

The cladding of the building's façade is made of ceramic hollow bricks on a cement-sand mortar 120 mm thick; According to technical and economic parameters, the designer (me) chose expanded polystyrene as insulation. Load-bearing walls made of ordinary clay brick, masonry thickness 380 mm.

The layout of all rooms on the second floor is similar to the layout of the first floor. The symmetry of the premises of the two sections is not complete - the sections between axes 1-2 and 8-9 are not symmetrical, as they have an individual layout in accordance with the requirements of investors and the customer.

The building has a living area of 980.50 m2, an auxiliary area of 740.20 m2, spacious rooms, mostly rectangular in shape, ranging from 14 to 24 m2. The interior decoration of the rooms is made with plaster on a cement-sand base.

Kitchens have an area of 10.5 to 17 m2 and are adjacent to load-bearing walls with ventilation shafts along the external axes.

In two corner rooms on the facade from the courtyard side there are two light openings, in the remaining living rooms and kitchens there is one window each. The windows are plastic with double glazing in single sash.

There are spaces for wardrobes, closets, household and utility rooms in all apartments, as well as rooms for managing communications of end users in the staircases (water supply, electrical wiring, communication cables, measuring equipment, shut-off valves, etc.). The bathrooms are separate, except for two symmetrical relative to the axis of 5 one-room apartments.

In the right wing, the three-room apartment has two bathrooms. The doors of all bathrooms open outward; the finishing of floors and walls with tiles or other materials is carried out by apartment owners independently in accordance with the requirements of established regulatory documents.

In section A there are four one-room, one two-room and one three-room apartments. The area of these apartments is, respectively, 32, 32, 37, 37 m2 for one-room apartments, 50 m2 for a two-room apartment and 72 m2 for a three-room apartment. In section B of the building there are two one-room, one two-room and two three-room apartments with an area of 37 and 37 m2 for one-room apartments, 65 m2 for two-room apartments, 76 and 70 m2 for three-room apartments, respectively.

In all three-room apartments, with the exception of the corner apartment in wing B, there are “living rooms” adjacent to the “common rooms”, which can be equipped for an office or other needs without disturbing the convenience of the general functioning of the premises. The area of each staircase is 26 m2; apartment owners can, in accordance with the procedure established by law, independently install partitions on the staircases to create a common vestibule. The entrance unit of the building consists of an external door, a vestibule and an internal door; the distance from the stairs to the internal door of the entrance unit is 890 mm. The canopies of the two front doors rest on load-bearing walls along the D axis and along the 2 and 8 axes. In front of the entrance to the entrance there are decorative side fences made of brickwork measuring 2100 / 240 / 750 mm (L/W/H).

The project provides for all the necessary measures to ensure explosive and fire safety buildings, thermal protection and protection of building structures from corrosion. In addition, conditions have been met to ensure the required comfort in the premises.

building design planning

4. Designs

The foundation is prefabricated reinforced concrete strip. The frame of the building (outer walls) is made of ordinary clay brick masonry with cement-sand mortar, insulation is polystyrene foam. The cladding is made of ceramic hollow bricks, the insulation and facing layer are fastened with anchors. Plastering with cement-sand mortar δ = 10 mm.

The 200 mm thick precast concrete floor slabs are positioned perpendicular to the main façade. The load-bearing structures along axes 2, 3, 7, 8 are made of brickwork 240 mm thick and additionally reinforced with steel frame

In a very difficult time for our economy, there are not many options for profitable investment. One of these options is. This can be justified by the stability of prices, supply and demand. Even more - the relevance of buying real estate is growing. With the increase in the territory of Moscow (the emergence of New Moscow) and the construction of new infrastructures for accessible transportation in the Moscow region, huge amount people consider buying an apartment in a new location a profitable investment. Demand for real estate in Moscow has increased more than ever, especially taking into account the fall of the ruble, which makes investing abroad not at all profitable. There are few options left, among them the construction of residential buildings is perhaps the most profitable.

Of course, attention should be paid to calculating financial efficiency, analyzing competition in the market (demand in some areas (or cities) may be higher than in others), assessing the solvency of potential buyers, studying social aspects and creating marketing strategy. A business plan requires emphasis and accurate calculations, but the most important stage, in any case, is the creation and implementation of the project - you need to choose a company that can cope with such a volume of work and will meet deadlines.

When choosing a company, you need to consider all factors. Of course, the most important factors will be experience in such work and the general specifics of the company, the ability to find suppliers for other services through it (which will save you time). It is important that the project meets all your requirements - you need to communicate effectively with the team, if it is a team of professionals, you will even be able to get some.

The construction of the facility itself requires a lot of time and special attention; here are the main stages of work that you will need to become familiar with.

Choice land plot when constructing a residential building, it can determine the commercial viability of the project in advance - study the real estate market, if possible, consult with professionals and order an audit. This will help you find the location of your future home, as well as immediately understand how large it will be. You need to evaluate the existing infrastructure of the area, as well as potential projects on it.
The second stage is topographic survey and geological examination. It is important to do this before purchasing a plot.
One of the most difficult stages is obtaining a building permit - this requires a lot of time. Coordination of the plan, obtaining a decision on a construction permit, ordering a construction passport for the object, etc. Please review the procedure thoroughly before submitting documentation.
Construction preparation is the fourth stage and is carried out after obtaining a building permit. At this stage, you need to conclude an agreement with the contractor and begin work on creating infrastructure for the accessibility of the construction site.
The initial stage consists of vertical preparation of the soil layer, site leveling, laying out and digging trenches, transportation of soil, etc., as well as construction of the foundation of the building. From this stage onwards, personal supervision of the project by a team of architects is required.
Next, the design, finishing of facades and interior work begin.
The final stage of construction involves

In the conditions of modern large cities, the relevance of the construction of multi-storey residential buildings has acquired enormous proportions. As cities grow, so do residents' needs for new, modern and comfortable housing.

The creation of a competent living environment for comfortable living of people is inextricably linked with the urban planning situation, the presence of the necessary infrastructure and social and cultural facilities in the housing microdistrict.

The main issue with which the design of multi-storey residential buildings begins is the ability to balance the economic interests of the developer and the social needs of residents, while not forgetting about compliance with the norms and rules of housing design.

This confronts designers with a number of obstacles and difficulties on the way to creating a project, forcing them to take into account with particular scrupulousness not only the totality of existing conditions, norms and requirements, but also the presence of economic factors in the process of developing reliable, comfortable, and at the same time inexpensive housing.

The design of apartment buildings is steadily subject to the main modern trends in construction, the emergence of new materials, technologies and methods that make it possible to create the most comfortable and favorable living conditions for all groups of the population, as well as improve the aesthetic perception of the living environment.

Designing residential apartment buildings is not an easy task, the solution of which begins with determining their role and significance in the structure of the microdistrict. It involves, first of all, the competent placement of buildings in the city structure, taking into account the existing buildings, transport and engineering networks, the presence of schools, kindergartens, clinics, retail facilities and other integral components of people’s lives. As a rule, the available infrastructure facilities are not enough to meet the needs of all residents of the microdistrict.

To assess the current situation, existing environmental factors and parameters, as well as calculate project needs, first of all, a project for planning the territory of the site on which the development will be located is developed.

It is the planning organization of the territory of a land plot that largely sets such important parameters as the number of storeys, geometric dimensions, configuration of the building, its orientation in space and, of course, influences architectural, planning, engineering, technological and constructive solutions.

Designing multi-storey buildings is impossible without drawing up terms of reference for design, which sets the basic requirements for design solutions, such as: number of floors, composition of premises, area and number of rooms in apartments, height of premises, presence of balconies and loggias, materials used, engineering and technical support, deadlines and composition of design documentation. All this helps to find mutual understanding between the customer and the contractor, eliminates controversial issues, and allows for successful implementation of the project within the agreed time frame.

The space-planning solution for an apartment building begins with the development and agreement with the customer of the architectural concept of the residential complex, which lays out the key points of the project as a whole: the number and spatial arrangement of buildings, parking lots, engineering structures, the set of apartments and their areas, the main stylistic techniques are approved and color solutions.

To obtain a visual representation of the designed houses and their role in the surrounding development and natural environment, a three-dimensional model of the project is created, which makes it possible to see the residential complex from different viewpoints, which makes it possible to demonstrate the plans and decisions of the designers in the most realistic and accessible way.

It is not without reason that the most common type of multi-storey residential buildings in our country are sectional houses, because the possibility of using standard sections allows you to reduce design and construction costs, reduce the time required to complete the work, which directly affects the cost of housing for buyers, and undoubtedly leads to an increase in demand for him.

Design of multi-storey residential buildings is one of the services provided by FIRM KROKI LLC. By contacting us, you will achieve the necessary results, appreciate a competent approach, high-quality work, and, most importantly, save your time and money thanks to a competent dialogue and a flexible pricing system for this type design work.

You can see examples of our already completed work.

The relevance of the construction of high-rise buildings in our time

Since ancient times, the construction of low-rise buildings in Rus' has been taken as an axiom. The first high-rise buildings appeared only in the era of communism. In the 40-50s, 7 famous Stalinist skyscrapers were built.

The relevance of low-rise construction in the Moscow region.

09/22/2014 Low-rise construction in the Moscow region became relevant after the crisis in 2008. At the moment, it is low-rise residential complexes that actually form the suburbs of Moscow. In the future, such residential complexes will become more and more relevant than high-rise buildings or residential areas.

Competition for the height and design of buildings is becoming increasingly widespread. Many developed countries are on the rise, showcasing the prestige and innovation of engineering. Monolithic construction occupies a leading place in the choice of method for constructing high-rise buildings with various architectural solutions. The purpose of buildings and structures can be high-rise residential, administrative, or industrial.

It has a long history and durability proven over decades.

Relevance of monolithic construction

Today, the technology of monolithic construction of structures has become widespread. Previously, the construction of multi-storey buildings using precast reinforced concrete was popular, but when comparing the cost of a finished square meter of a building, monolithic construction has no equal.

How much does it cost to build a house: construction cost

Published in: Residential real estate The construction of an apartment building is a complex business process that requires the creation of an effective financing and project management mechanism, as well as a team of professionals involved in its implementation. According to experts and developers of Novosibirsk, whom we interviewed during the preparation of this material, the following cost components can be distinguished: acquisition or lease of land, design, approvals and examination, connection to utility networks, construction and installation work, marketing, credit load.

Reliable construction of apartment buildings

By investing money in a project, the investor expects to make a profit. Today, the most in demand in the country’s construction market is housing, the construction of which is a rather complex and labor-intensive process. To extract the expected benefit from it, you should carefully analyze the construction plan of the building. You should start with:

Selecting a suitable area. The territory should have good infrastructure, convenient transportation, environmental friendliness, etc.;
Analysis of the building site by survey teams;
Creating a well-thought-out and cost-effective project that meets legal requirements and generally accepted norms, rules, and standards;
Formations necessary documents, their approval and obtaining permission to carry out restoration work;
Selection and acquisition of high-quality materials;
Start of construction;
Timely commissioning of the facility.

In addition to the above list, the total cost of the service:

General contracting;
Author's supervision;
Foreman;
Landscape design;
Commissioning works and more.

What is the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings?

The main feature in the construction of public buildings is the development of affordable apartments with a correct, convenient layout. The constructed premises should be distinguished by the presence of balconies or loggias, high ceilings (at least 2.7 m), spacious bright rooms, wide corridors and kitchens, and the absence of walk-through hallways. Despite the fact that, thanks to these nuances, the cost of constructing an apartment building will increase, the profit from the sale of housing will still remain high.

The most important thing in constructing buildings is a solid foundation. It provides strength, structural reliability and high performance. This is followed by the construction of the frame and the laying of communications. The scheme for their implementation was formed even before the construction and design of apartment buildings began. The organization of both internal and external engineering networks makes it possible to create appropriate optimal comfortable conditions for the safe living of people.

Also, in the process of constructing real estate, special attention is paid to the layout of load-bearing walls and ceilings, the proper, carefully thought-out design of which will ensure the strength of individual elements of the building and the building as a whole. The final stage in the construction of structures is laying the roof.

What should be taken into account when forming a project for the construction of an apartment building?

The construction of buildings for public consumption has a huge number of nuances, from the choice of territory to the commissioning of the building. To determine the area on which the high-rise building will be constructed, a series of geological, hydrometeorological, environmental, and geodetic studies should be carried out.

When offering housing to clients, the investor must create appropriate conditions that are safe for the population. Therefore, it is advisable to check the properties of soils, their restorative abilities, and the level of occurrence. If deviations from the norms are detected, then professional employees of construction companies take precautionary measures (strengthening foundations, walls, ceilings, etc.).

Multi-apartment low-rise buildings and their construction also require a special approach, which can only be provided by specialized companies. When making decisions about the construction of large-scale buildings, it is necessary to obtain advice from specialists and, if necessary, use their services.