Overdose of tablets symptoms treatment. Drug overdose: symptoms and first aid. Why you feel sick while eating: let’s find out together

It is known that approximately a quarter of all victims in the world are people who were poisoned by pills. The situations can be very different. Perhaps the person immediately turned to some specialists who prescribed him certain medications. The interaction of some of them can cause poisoning from the pills. The more medications you take at the same time, the higher the risk of poisoning becomes. Sometimes grandparents leave bottles of pills in visible places, creating a health hazard for children who mistake them for colorful candies. Sometimes cases of suicide are possible.

Doctors indicate that the risk is minimal when taking two or three drugs at the same time, but it increases twenty or more times if there are six or seven drugs. In such cases, a wide variety of adverse effects on the body can be expected. After poisoning, the stomach hurts, there is a feeling of nausea, vomiting, skin rashes and internal hemorrhages are possible. In some particularly serious situations, death is possible.

Most of the world's population takes some form of medication every day. Thirty percent do this as prescribed by a doctor, the rest engage in dangerous self-medication. Poisoning from tablets is also possible if they are combined with certain products. For example, warfarin, a drug against blood clots, should absolutely not be consumed at the same time as cranberry juice. Dairy products affect the effect of antibiotics, alcohol significantly increases the effect on the body of sedatives, drugs with paracetamol and antihypertensive (pressure-lowering) drugs.

What to do if you are poisoned by pills? Unfortunately, poisoning from pills cannot always be determined immediately. Only after several hours may the first symptoms appear in the form of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, cramps, dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, and in some cases, loss of consciousness. During this time, harmful substances have time to be absorbed into the blood, so the first thing you need to do is call an ambulance. The victim should be given as much warm liquid to drink as possible and try to induce vomiting. This will help clear your stomach of any remaining medications. The first remedy in such situations is activated carbon. It should always be in your home medicine cabinet. You can give up to twenty tablets at a time. They will help neutralize the effects of medications. You can use any other type of absorbent, but if they are not at hand at the moment, make it yourself. To do this, take at least ten chicken whites, beat them vigorously and force the victim to eat them.

What to do in case of poisoning with pills and complications of the situation? If the victim has taken a large dose of sleeping pills, loss of consciousness, breath holding, decreased blood pressure, and cardiac arrest may occur. Immediately give the patient a large dose of strong coffee or tea, try to bring him to consciousness, induce vomiting (only when he is conscious), give him an enema and call an ambulance. Do not let the victim lie down and sleep, as this is life-threatening.

Poisoning from pills, after first aid, gastric lavage and elimination of all unpleasant symptoms and consequences, must be continued to be treated at home. Quite often after poisoning, the stomach hurts. This situation- stress for him, so he needs to be given a rest for one or two days. You can drink tea from garden thyme, sage and garden marjoram. Gradually switch to light foods and take them in small portions. You can apply cold compresses to the stomach area.

One of the main causes of poisoning is exceeding permissible doses, so remember that different drugs may contain the same substance in their composition. Always consult your doctor, especially if you have liver, kidney, stomach or intestinal diseases. Do not self-medicate and refrain from drinking alcohol.

Reckless and uncontrolled use of drugs can lead to severe consequences: from side effects and allergic reactions to serious poisoning of the body. It wouldn’t hurt anyone to know how you can help in such trouble if you happen to be nearby.

Symptoms of poisoning and first aid

Firstly, different drugs act differently, therefore, the symptoms of poisoning and its consequences will differ. However, some points are common to all types of poisoning. First of all, this is drowsiness, which can smoothly turn into loss of consciousness and coma. In this case, the person may not be saved.

The most common poisoning is cardiovascular drugs. When a regularly high dose of these drugs is taken, they accumulate in the body, and then a toxic effect develops very quickly. This poisoning can manifest itself as arrhythmia, tachycardia, headache, hallucinations and visual impairment. Before the ambulance arrives, you can give the patient activated charcoal and drink as much salted water as possible in order to quickly remove harmful substances from the body, causing vomiting.

If you suspect drug poisoning, immediately begin to rinse your stomach and call an ambulance.

The most dangerous is poisoning with sedatives - barbiturates. Their list is quite wide, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, sleeping pills and narcotic drugs. In case of an overdose, the processes of brain activity slow down, patients lose consciousness and fall into a coma.

If you find yourself at the scene of a tragedy and the patient is unconscious, first of all call an ambulance, then turn him over on his stomach and turn his head to the side so that there is no difficulty in breathing due to a possible gag reflex. If the person is conscious, it is necessary to give him as much salted water as possible and try to induce vomiting. These are the basic rules that everyone should know. More serious actions cannot be taken until the ambulance team arrives. It is very easy to harm a patient due to inexperience.

Find and save until the doctor arrives the packaging of the pills with which the person was poisoned. This will help doctors give the correct antidote in time.

What you should absolutely not do

You can't do nothing. Do not leave a person in this state, even if it is alcohol or drug intoxication. Remember that without timely help, the patient may die.

In order to avoid unexpectedly ending up in such a situation, you do not need to self-medicate; it is better to consult a doctor and strictly follow the prescribed dosage of medications.

What to do in case of drug poisoning

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What to do in case of drug poisoning

The main anti-poisoning pills are adsorbents. The drugs bind toxins directly in the intestines, preventing their absorption into the blood. Adsorbent-toxin complexes are excreted along with feces.

Modern options are enterosgel, polysorb, natural fiber, quinine, starch. Only with the help of these data can the remedy quickly cure poisoning.

Food poisoning: what pills to take

In case of food poisoning, you should drink enterosorbents. This group of drugs is the best choice for intoxication of the gastrointestinal tract. In medical language, such therapy should be called “withdrawal”. The origin of the term is explained by the basic mechanism of action of drugs. When taking the current dose (7-9 tablets activated carbon at a time with a small amount of water) ensures complete removal of the toxic substance through the intestines with feces. You just need to take the drug in a timely manner - no later than the first hour after eating.

Use activated carbon correctly. At low absorbent concentrations, the toxic compound is not completely bound. Some of the substance enters the blood, which forms signs of poisoning. The severity of symptoms is determined by the concentration of the toxin. The dose of the drug is calculated per 10 kg, 1 tablet. With an average human weight of 80 kg, 8 tablets of activated carbon are required. When taken, they are ground into powder and washed down with a small amount of liquid (no more than 250 ml).

Food poisoning occurs not only when using low-quality food products. The danger is bacterial contamination. Salmonellosis, diphtheria, gastroenteritis due to the consumption of E. coli are the most common manifestations of toxic infections. The condition is treated not only with adsorbents, but also with antibiotics.

For 10-15 days you need to take no more than 7 grams of activated carbon. It is better to take the dose in several doses.

Activated carbon can be used not only at the first signs of poisoning. At the recovery stage after intoxication, 2 tablets are prescribed one hour before meals. The daily dose is calculated by weight. The concentration of the drug gradually decreases.

The duration of treatment should depend on the characteristics of food poisoning. In case of chronic intoxication, it is necessary to exclude the provoking factor. Against this background, preventive therapy is rational.

In case of alcohol poisoning, activated carbon is the best remedy for restoring the functionality of the body. Partygoers or people whose work requires frequent visits to restaurants know that it is enough to drink 4-5 tablets of this adsorbent before the party to reduce the absorption of alcohol.

Polysorb for food poisoning

Polysorb is a new direction in the treatment of intestinal intoxications. Silicon based product. It has a bluish color and a powder consistency. It is convenient to take the medicine by diluting it in water. Taking the medicine together with sugar syrup for diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea is not recommended.

The drug copes well with psoriasis, food intoxication, and bronchial asthma. Kidney and liver failure, allergies are secondary conditions that often occur with intoxication intestinal syndrome. For combined nosology, enterosgel with antihistamines is recommended.

Enterosgel are absorbent tablets that come into contact with harmful substances body. Quickly and firmly bind to toxins. They are excreted in 6-7 hours with feces.

Other popular sorbents for food poisoning:

Sorbex; Carbolene; Carbolong; Sorbolong; Atoxyl; Chitosan.

For food intoxication syndrome, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rational consumption large quantity water. Among pharmaceutical preparations, rehydron is recommended for the purpose of reabsorption of fluid from the intestines. The medicine maintains the required level of circulating blood.

To eliminate reflex nausea due to food intoxication, validol is recommended. The beneficial effect of the medicine is achieved due to menthol, which is part of the medicine.

If you are vomiting, you should drink motilium, phthalazole, sulgin, furazolidone 20 minutes before meals.

Diarrhea is treated by taking rice porridge, which binds the liquid contents of the intestines.

Tablets for poisoning and diarrhea

Consider tablets for poisoning and diarrhea:

Carbolene – 0.5 grams 3-4 times a day. Indicated for constipation, diarrhea, disturbances in the flow of nutrients into the blood; Sorbex – take capsules 2-3 three times a day. Long-term use causes constipation and diarrhea; Carbolen is taken 6-8 grams three times a day. Diarrhea, constipation, deficiency of substances are the main indications for use; Polyphepan - 1 gram per kilogram of weight. If you take the medicine for more than 20 days, a deficiency of minerals and electrolytes occurs; Smecta – daily dose 9 grams. Take in 3-4 doses; Sorbolong – capsules of 30-40 grams. Should not be taken in case of renal and hepatic insufficiency due to the rapid onset of feelings of disgust; Atoxil - taken at the rate of 1 kilogram per 150 grams of weight. The required amount should be divided into 3-4 doses. The dose is increased if the person’s condition is serious.

When deciding which tablets to take in case of poisoning, you should choose directly from the above groups. The most common option is activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kilograms of weight. Acute intoxication syndrome requires provoking vomiting. It is stimulated by applying pressure on the tip of the tongue and taking mustard powder. Toxic infection should be treated by gastric lavage with potassium permanganate, taking a binding compound, and chamomile decoction.

The recovery stage after acute intoxication is accompanied by a weakness of the body's defenses. Against this background, active treatment is not required. Probiotics are often prescribed to normalize colon flora and prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.

What tablets to take when vomiting after poisoning

Vomiting after food poisoning occurs due to dysregulation of the nerve circuit. Impact on the central or peripheral parts helps prevent active contraction of the stomach. Astringents, enveloping agents, and anesthetics have a similar effect due to local blockade of nerve receptors.

The activity of the vomiting center and the prevention of the activity of the chemoreceptor trigger zone is achieved by the use of neurotropic drugs. H1 histamine receptor blockers, muscarinic (cholinergic), antiserotonin drugs block the effectiveness of nerve conduction.

Serotonin receptor blockers play an important role in preventing vomiting and nausea. When vomiting, the effect of tropisetron, ondansetron, metoclopramide is ensured by inhibition of D2, 5HT3 receptors.

Anticholinergics eliminate vomiting more effectively when used in combination with H1-antihistamines (promethazine, diphenhydramine). Used for Meniere's disease. Butyrophenone and phenothiazine are dopaminergic drugs from the group of neuroleptics.

High antiemetic activity is achieved with the use of thiethylperazine, trifluoperazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine, and haloperidol.

Sample list of medical antiemetic tablets:

Avioplant; Bimaral; Bonin; Validol; Granisetron; Vero; Domstal; Kytril; Latran; Cormenthol; Ondansetron; Domperidone; Cormenthol; Metamol; Metoclopramide; Motizhekt; Motilium; Levomenthol; Motilak; Peppermint; Notyrol; Navobane; Ondator.

When vomiting, you can drink not only pharmaceutical adsorbents. Before the development of these anti-poisoning agents, intestinal intoxication was treated with natural sorbents. Important Feature when correcting gastrointestinal disorders - normalizing the diet.

Natural sorbents against poisoning:

Pectin – found in cabbage, beets, strawberries, grapes, peaches, gooseberries; Fiber: prunes, nuts, oatmeal, eggplant; Siberian cedar is the progenitor of polyphepane. The product eliminates allergic reactions; Chitin; Cellulose.

Chitin and cellulose are pharmaceutical tablets made from natural ingredients.

Tablets for alcohol poisoning: torpedo, esperal, teturam

The main active component of tablets for alcohol poisoning is disulfiram. When alcohol is combined with this chemical compound, unpleasant sensations arise:

Dizziness; Profuse sweating; Rash on the body; Abdominal pain; Severe vomiting; Fear of death.

The mechanism of action of drugs such as Esperal and Torpedo is based on the occurrence of unpleasant sensations after drinking alcohol.

An unpleasant prognostic sign is the independent use of drugs for alcoholism.

Esperal contains disulfiram. It is administered intramuscularly or taken orally. When combined with ethyl alcohol in humans, long time alcohol poisoning develops.

Teturam (tetlong 250) has a long-term effect by blocking the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The medication is taken on an empty stomach. The average daily dose of the drug at an early stage is 500 mg. It is prescribed individually according to the patient’s weight and age parameters. Therapy begins with the maximum dosage medicine and then gradually decreases.

Teturam can not only be taken orally. There are methods for subcutaneously implanting a tablet while a person is in a drug treatment department.

Contraindications to the use of Teturam:

Diabetes mellitus; Thyrotoxicosis; Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels.

It should not be used by persons engaged in production with constant strain of attention.

Mechanism of action: blockade of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme is accompanied by a disruption in the processing of ethyl alcohol. The accumulation of toxic surrogates leads to nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of fear for life.

The drugs described above are prescribed only at the rehabilitation stage after alcohol poisoning. In an acute condition, it is impossible to provoke an exacerbation, as death is possible.

In case of alcohol poisoning with withdrawal syndrome The following groups of drugs are recommended:

Proproten 100 – intended for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in people with severe signs of alcoholism. Indicated for use in the treatment of mild, moderate, severe withdrawal symptoms. Proproten 100 reduces mental syndromes that occur during acute poisoning (irritability, agitation, aggressiveness); Metadoxil - for the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. Some narcologists use metadoxil tablets to treat chronic alcoholism. The mechanism of action is to accelerate the natural cleansing of the body from accumulated toxins, alleviating hangover syndrome; Tablets based on naloxone hydrochloride (Vivitrol, Prodetoxone, Antaxone, Naltrexone) are indicated for alcohol dependence. Prescribed orally to relieve withdrawal symptoms for the purpose of preliminary detoxification. The success of these medications is determined by the patient's consent.

Many drugs for alcohol poisoning are used only after the patient has approved the therapy. When using them, the basic medical law “do no harm” is somewhat violated. A short-term exacerbation of pathological sensations is carried out to form long-term resistance to alcohol dependence.

Medicines for nausea

Prolonged nausea occurs due to irritation of the gastric mucosa by toxins, poor quality food, and chronic inflammation of the gastric wall. To remove toxic substances during long-term intoxication with low levels of alcohol, it is recommended to use natural sorbents: chitin, fiber, cellulose.

Chitin and cellulose tablets can be purchased at the pharmacy. The drug is used for diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Prescribed before meals to maximize the binding of toxic compounds.

Cellulose not only neutralizes poisons, but is also a good nutrient medium for the proliferation of saprophytic bacteria of the large intestine. It is used to prevent tuberculosis.

Radish; Bananas; Sorrel; Grape; Pears; Apples; Melon; Tomatoes; Rye bread; Beet; Buckwheat; Currant; Pearl barley; Oatmeal; Eggplant; Pumpkin.

If natural sorbents do not help with nausea, it is rational to prescribe pharmaceuticals (metoclopramide, cerucal).

It is quite difficult to determine which pills to take if you have food or alcohol poisoning at home. To choose treatment tactics, it is necessary to study the complex of pathological reactions of the body - this is a task for a specialist.

Correctly selected treatment and nutrition are the key to a quick recovery from food poisoning. This disease is very common and can be triggered by any food item. This article discusses the main medications for food poisoning, the features of their prescription and administration.

Features of the clinical course of food poisoning

Food poisoning can occur due to the consumption of spoiled, expired food, as well as dishes contaminated with an intestinal infection (salmonellosis, dysentery, E. coli). Symptoms of the disease develop during the first 6 hours. The rate of their increase depends on the cause of the disease, the amount eaten, the condition of the person’s body and his age.

Please note that children, pregnant women and the elderly are more susceptible to food poisoning. They are more susceptible to severe disease and complications.

The main signs of food poisoning include:

nausea followed by vomiting, which brings relief. In the vomit you can see the remains of food eaten, which has not yet had time to be digested. With repeated vomiting, only bile and gastric juice come out; profuse diarrhea. The type and consistency of stool depends on the cause of poisoning. So, with salmonellosis they will be greenish and foamy, and with dysentery they will be watery, streaked with blood. The number of trips to the toilet can exceed 20 times a day. Repeated diarrhea leads to rapid dehydration; hyperthermia - an increase in body temperature. With an intestinal infection, it can rise to 39 degrees. The stronger the intoxication, the higher the temperature; Abdominal pain can be sharp or aching. In case of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, it is localized in the epigastric region of the abdomen, in case of liver damage - in the right hypochondrium. If the pancreas suffers as a result of poisoning, the pain becomes acute and irritating. With increased gas formation, flatulence, intestinal colic is observed; headache, general weakness, dizziness - signs of intoxication syndrome; tachycardia – rapid heartbeat, in which the pulse rate exceeds 100-120 beats/min.

In case of severe poisoning, for example, in the case of eating poisonous varieties of mushrooms, damage to the central nervous system develops. The patient may lose consciousness and enter a deep coma. He may experience hallucinations and seizures (as with epilepsy).

Features of diagnosis and treatment

Only a qualified doctor can diagnose food poisoning and prescribe treatment, after collecting an anamnesis, examining and examining the body.

Remember that treatment for food poisoning can only be prescribed by a doctor. It is prohibited to buy any medicines on your own, at random or on the advice of friends and try to cure yourself at home.

Symptoms of food poisoning are not specific; they are also observed in other pathologies. For example, the flu can begin with fever, vomiting and diarrhea, and abdominal pain and flatulence can be signs of acute pancreatitis.

To determine an accurate diagnosis and prescribe medications, the doctor may need the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations, such as:

general detailed blood test, which necessary to detect intestinal or viral infections, helminthic infestations. Using hematocrit (one of the indicators of this analysis), the degree of dehydration is approximately determined; A general urine test helps to exclude kidney damage, which can occur due to intoxication with poisonous mushrooms. Acute pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidney tissue) may initially manifest as diarrhea and fever; a biochemical blood test helps to identify damage to the kidneys, liver, pancreas, abnormalities in the electrolyte composition of the blood; bacteriological culture of stool is needed to diagnose intestinal infection; Ultrasound examination of internal organs helps to identify inflammation or external changes in the structure and shape of the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and gall bladder.

Treatment of food poisoning in adults and children can occur in a hospital setting or at home. If the patient's condition is stable, he is not hospitalized. The doctor prescribes a diet and treatment that a person should follow at home.

Medications for food poisoning

What remedy for poisoning and diarrhea can I drink to recover and relieve symptoms of the disease? All tablets are prescribed by your doctor; you cannot choose your own medications. The doctor tells the patient in detail what, how often and in what quantity he should take.

You should check with your doctor about the estimated cost of the prescribed medications. As a rule, medicines are produced in different price categories, with the same active ingredients. It happens that inexpensive domestically produced food poisoning tablets work no worse than imported drugs.

Please note that our article is for informational purposes only. Based on it, you cannot decide what medications to take and how to treat poisoning in yourself and your loved ones.

Below are the main groups of drugs for poisoning that can be used in treatment.

Sorbents

Sorbents are used in all cases of food poisoning. They effectively and quickly cleanse the body of toxins and bacteria. Sorbents significantly reduce intoxication syndrome and reduce the severity of diarrhea. After taking them, nausea subsides, and body temperature may drop slightly during fever caused by food toxins.

List of drugs in this group:

activated carbon; atoxyl; polysorb; enterosgel; sorbex; white coal; smecta.

Enzymes

Doctors often recommend taking drugs from the group of enzymes when poisoning occurs. They prescribed to regulate digestion and unload the pancreas. With severe intoxication, it is difficult for the body to digest food on its own. Enzymes are taken with meals. The following drugs can be used:

mezim; Creon; pancreatin; festal; digestal; innozyme

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics are prescribed to eliminate intestinal colic and abdominal pain. They relieve spasms - the main causes of pain during poisoning, which arise due to increased production of gases and flatulence.

Please note that tablets for stomach pain may be prescribed by a doctor after diagnosis. Relieving pain on your own is dangerous. Some surgical pathologies, such as acute appendicitis, can mimic the symptoms of poisoning. Taking painkillers will blur the clinical picture and complicate the correct diagnosis.

Antispasmodics include the following drugs:

no-shpa; drotaverine; duspatalin; platiphylline.

Antispasmodics can also be used to treat gallbladder dysfunction. They help relieve spasm in the bile ducts and improve the flow of bile.

Painkillers belonging to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, nimesil, diclofenac, analgin), not used in case of poisoning. They irritate the gastric mucosa and can lead to a worsening of the patient's condition.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are indicated for poisoning and vomiting caused by bacterial intestinal infection. They are prescribed by a doctor after determining the diagnosis and conducting a laboratory examination of the patient.

Please note that antibiotics are effective for poisoning caused by bacteria. Uncontrolled use of these medications can cause serious harm to the body.

Names of antibacterial drugs:

ciprofloxacin; ceftriaxone; norfloxacin; ofloxacin.

It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol during antibiotic therapy.. Under the influence of alcohol, bacteria become immune to antibacterial drugs.

Antiviral drugs are not prescribed for the treatment of poisoning. They are not effective against intestinal infections.

Antiemetics

Vomiting is a protective reflex of the body, with the help of which the stomach independently cleanses itself of toxins. But in the case of acute food poisoning, vomiting can become profuse and uncontrollable, preventing a person from drinking water and medications. To stop it, antiemetic drugs (metoclopramide, cerucal, sturgeon) can be used.

These are good medicines to relieve nausea. They directly affect the vomiting center and block the urge to vomit. Thanks to them, a person can start drinking and replenish fluid loss.

Rehydration preparations

The best remedy for poisoning is liquid. Along with vomiting and diarrhea, the body loses a large amount of water and trace elements. To treat dehydration, you can drink plain or mineral water. You can also use anti-poisoning powder - rehydron. This drug is designed to replenish the body with fluid.

It is used for treatment at home and will replace IVs. If the patient stops vomiting after poisoning, the doctor prescribes rehydron as rehydration therapy. One sachet of rehydron is diluted with a liter of water. You can drink 2-3 liters of this solution per day.

Also available in pharmacies are its analogues: normohydron, re-sol, regesol.

Medicines for heartburn and stomach pain

Acute food poisoning can cause acute or chronic gastritis(inflammation of the gastric mucosa). It manifests itself as heartburn, stomach pain, belching, and indigestion.

To treat gastritis, your doctor may prescribe medications. Some of them should be used only during the onset of symptoms, for example almagel, phosphalugel. They relieve heartburn and quickly improve your well-being.

When gastritis is detected with increased acidity drugs are prescribed to normalize the pH of the stomach (omez, omeprazole, de-nol). They should be taken systemically.

Preparations for normalizing intestinal microflora

Normally, the human intestine is populated by “beneficial” bacteria that play important role in digestion and the formation of immunity. In case of poisoning, the bacterial composition is disrupted, dysbacteriosis occurs. Your doctor may prescribe the following medications:

linex (linex); bifiform; bifidumbacterin.

Nutrition in the treatment of poisoning

Dietary nutrition is very important in the treatment of poisoning. It Helps restore the functioning of the digestive system. The list of permitted and prohibited foods should be discussed with your doctor. When preparing a diet, you need to take into account the individual characteristics of each patient, his concomitant diseases (for example, diabetes or food allergies).

Below are the basic rules of diet therapy for food poisoning.

During treatment, food should be consumed frequently and in small portions. It is best to eat every 2 hours. The food temperature should be neutral. Hot and cold will irritate the gastric mucosa. It is strictly forbidden to eat fried, spicy and fatty foods, drink alcohol and carbonated drinks. It is best to steam or boil food. After 5-7 days, you can diversify the patient’s diet with stewed or oven-baked dishes. When preparing dishes, you can only use vegetable oil, salt and sugar. Animal fats and hot spices should be avoided during the period of treatment and recovery.

List of permitted products and dishes:

chicken broth prepared without spices; oatmeal, rice and buckwheat porridge cooked in water; boiled vegetables; bananas; baked apples; dried white bread; biscuits; lean varieties of meat and fish.

During treatment, it is forbidden to eat fatty meats, chips, offal, and store-bought convenience foods.. You should also give up coffee, strong tea, freshly squeezed and store-bought juices, chocolate, and confectionery.

Diet and pills for food poisoning are prescribed by your doctor. Self-medication is prohibited. Treatment is selected by the doctor based on examination of the patient, collection of anamnesis and laboratory and instrumental examination. In case of mild poisoning, a person can take medications at home, while following all the recommendations of the attending physician. In addition to taking medications, you need to adhere to a diet. It helps the digestive system recover and begin to function fully.

Any pill is poison if the dosage is not followed. Sometimes people consciously take this step, sometimes it’s a fatal accident. In any case, you need to know how to help the victim.

Each medicine, in addition to its benefits, if the recommendations for its use are not followed, can cause enormous harm to the body, even death. Even vitamins can cause death if their intake is not controlled. Those who believe that death from pills is quick and painless are mistaken. You won't be able to just lie down and fall asleep.

When dealing with a cold, flu, or other minor illnesses, rarely does anyone go to the doctor, believing that they can handle it themselves. Advice on the Internet is almost the only source of information that many people turn to in such situations. These tips can be not only beneficial, but also harmful. There are “comic” tips on the global network that are presented very convincingly. The people who compiled and distribute them tell you in plain text which pills to take to kill you, under the guise of the good purpose of curing a headache.

The main thing is that you should not accept something about which there is no the slightest idea. It is better to spend two hours of your time and see a doctor. He will prescribe the necessary medicine and give recommendations on its use. If you still don’t want to go to the doctor, you can study the drug yourself. The packaging always indicates the recommended dosage, as well as contraindications.

But this is not the only danger. A new trend among young people is gloomy mood, depression, suicide. The most popular youth groups openly talk about how great it would be to commit suicide. “I open my veins”, “I want to die” - these phrases are often found in the lyrics of their songs.

The romanticization of suicide leads to the formation in fragile minds (the age of such an audience is from 12 to 16 years) of the idea that suicide is not bad. Add to this teenage cynicism and thoughtlessness of actions - the result is a stupid girl of about 13 who types in the search engine the phrase “what poison kills”, trying to find information about which pills cause instant death.

Yes, medications can cause big problems. When they need to quickly bring down the temperature, people take a large dose of medications, which may belong to different pharmaceutical groups. Combination different types can lead to unpredictable consequences - from no negative effect to acute poisoning and death. Causes of pill overdose include:

• The interest of young children is to try the beautiful tablets that they found in their parents' bedroom. You should not leave medications in a visible place if there are small children in the apartment.
• Combination of drugs from different pharmacological groups. Two opposing effects can lead to fatal outcome.
• Intentional overdose for the purpose of suicide. A quick death at home is what those who decide to commit suicide want. But this doesn't always happen. Most often, people die by choking in their own vomit in the death throes. There is no talk of an easy and painless death.
• Violation of doctor's contraindications or due to ignorance. Everyone has individual intolerances, don’t forget about it.
• Self-medication, purchasing unknown pills and then using them are as dangerous as going into a lion’s cage. He can simply look at a person, or he can stop his life with one sharp leap.
• Drugs are also a common cause of fatal overdose. MDMA, MDA, Xanax - these pills are popular among young people who want to either have fun or just relax. Even the tablets produced by pharmaceutical companies are very dangerous, let alone the unknown composition. MDMA, a popular club drug in pill form, sometimes contains many other substances. An overdose can easily be obtained from five of these tablets.

Types of dangerous drugs

Absolutely every medicine can cause death. Paracetamol - even they can cause irreparable damage. However, they are still safer than those medications that need to be taken systematically as part of treatment.

People susceptible to chronic diseases, without noticing it, increase the dose of the medicine, as the body develops tolerance. Increasing the dosage of the following types of drugs can cause death:

A favorite type of medication for those wishing to commit suicide. It is almost always used for this purpose with the expectation that everything will go quickly.

But it's worth thinking about before poisoning yourself to death. Doctors dispense sleeping pills carefully, because of the strong side effects that appear when used above the norm.

If the dosage is exceeded, blood pressure will drop, the pulse will decrease, respiratory distress will occur, and the person will feel tired and drowsy. After half an hour, severe vomiting will begin, but already in a dream. The person will either wake up and experience terrible agony due to the combination of all the symptoms, or will choke on vomit in their sleep. There is no such thing as a beautiful and easy death.

Cardiac drugs

Medicines aimed at normalizing the functioning of the heart can cause it to stop. With a tenfold increase in dosage, such a load will be placed on the heart that not everyone can withstand it. This is only for healthy people. And for those who have diseases cardiovascular system, this will be the last time I take the medicine. Even if you do not die from an overdose of cardiac drugs, seizures, severe vomiting and acute headaches cannot be avoided. Potassium, which is found in large quantities in this type of drug and can be fatal, is used in the United States to execute particularly dangerous criminals.

Neurotropic substances

Antidepressants, neuroleptics, tranquilizers. They are used to treat mental disorders. The effects range from depression of the central nervous system to overstimulation, depending on the purpose of treatment.

Necessary for the formation of a person’s mood, these drugs have such a strong effect on the central nervous system that they can cause coma. Melipramine, which has a stimulating effect and antidepressant effects, leads to heart rhythm disturbances and fever due to exceeding the dose by only 5 times.

Painkillers

Most drugs are in this group, but the likelihood of an overdose is extremely low. Attention should be paid to narcotic analgesics, which contain codeine, heroin, methadone, and morphine. Such medications are dispensed in exceptional cases, although the same ones can be found in every pharmacy.

Intoxication with painkillers will lead to vomiting, convulsions, and respiratory system disorders. The likelihood of this is quite high, since narcotic drugs cause severe physical dependence. A person develops immunity to previous dosages, and the dose has to be increased. If addiction is not cured, the ending will be quite predictable.

You don't need to make a list to remember which pills you overdose on can cause death. Exceeding the dosage of any medicine by approximately 10 - 12 times will be lethal. It is not possible to die instantly from pills: when a person dies, he experiences a long and painful death agony. Even when a bullet passes through the heart, it causes unbearable pain, and the pills keep it in this state for at least an hour. But on the other hand, it’s good that there is time during which you can provide first aid, call an ambulance, and save a person’s life.

Common symptoms include:

• Pallor of the skin, cold sweat.
• Fatigue, drowsiness, in some cases you may lose consciousness.
• Vomiting is a natural reaction of the body to an irritant.
• Decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
• Respiratory disorder.

If these symptoms occur, you must immediately call an ambulance so that the patient can be hospitalized. Doctors need to know exactly what medicine caused the poisoning, so it’s worth looking for empty pill bottles next to the victim, in the trash, or under the bed. While the ambulance is on the way, you need to cleanse the stomach of the poisoned person - pour into it by force, if necessary, five or six glasses of salt water and several tablets of activated carbon. Then induce vomiting. The main thing is not to hesitate. The sooner you start taking action, the more likely it is that the tablets will not dissolve in the stomach.

Every medicine can kill a person. Unfortunately, an overdose of pills in 90 percent of cases is a conscious choice of a person. It is necessary to pay attention to people's problems, because most suicides, before they begin to be interested in what pills can kill them, literally talk about their intentions not only to their family and friends, but also to strangers. The cult of depression, drugs that are easy for teenagers to get, personal problems - all this can lead to a negative outcome.

You shouldn’t play with fate and think that danger will pass by. Everyone is at risk, and only caution and self-control can protect against a bad outcome.

An overdose of drugs can be dangerous to the body and lead to irreversible processes, including death. The most difficult medications to use in large doses are: nootropics, sleeping pills, antidepressants, painkillers, and medications that affect the body’s coronary system.

Drug overdose can be dangerous

What medications can cause poisoning? Signs of poisoning

The manifestation of symptoms of poisoning directly depends on what the patient took and in what dosage. Each individual group of drugs has its own symptoms, first aid and subsequent treatment.

Poisoning with sleeping pills, MAO inhibitors, central nervous system stimulants

If intoxication occurs as a result of taking a medication with a sedative or hypnotic effect, then the patient experiences a strong inhibition of the receptors of the central nervous system. The person experiences confusion, shallow breathing, and wheezing is likely. In severe poisoning with sleeping pills, the patient may experience respiratory arrest. In case of opiate poisoning, the patient may experience convulsions, and with prolonged intoxication with meperidine and propoxyphene, coma may occur. Symptoms of overdose with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and central nervous system stimulants are similar in clinical manifestations. With this intoxication it is noted:

• General increase in psycho-emotional arousal.
• Increased level of psychomotor reactions several hours after taking the drug.
• Significant increase in cardiac arrhythmia immediately after overdose, which can cause death.

Clinical symptoms of an overdose of monoamine oxidase inhibitors are observed 24 hours after taking the drugs in excess quantities. None of these drugs have emergency antidote properties.

Drug overdose has a high risk of death

Opiate overdose

If you notice that your relative or close friend is exhibiting symptoms similar to these, then this condition is caused by a drug overdose:

• Weakness.
• Constant feeling of apathy.
• Dizziness.
• He has bluish skin around his lips and nails.
• Constriction of the pupils.
• General comatose state.

With an overdose of narcotic drugs, the likelihood of death increases significantly. It is important to recognize the reason for this behavior of the patient in time and seek help from specialists. The faster the doctor provides assistance to the patient, the greater the likelihood that the patient will not experience complications.

Intoxication of the body with antipyretic and analgesic drugs

An overdose of drugs of this nature is expressed by symptoms:

• Expansion of capillaries.
• Weakness sets in.
• The patient feels a strong desire to fall asleep.
• Possible transitions: unconscious comatose state.
• Stopping breathing and slowing blood circulation.
• General inhibition of central nervous system functions.

Overdose of drugs that can be purchased at a regular pharmacy

Death can also occur from drugs that are available without a doctor's prescription. Most deaths occur when these drugs are taken in combination with alcohol. Such drugs include:

• Aspirin. Which drug can cause death in patients with severe gastrointestinal diseases. In children prone to allergic and asthmatic reactions, patients with Reye's syndrome.
• Paracetamol. This harmless drug for lowering body temperature, which can be used even by small children, can cause the destruction of brain cells. And if taken in excess, it can cause severe intoxication of the body.
• Loperamide. This drug is a life-saving remedy for poisoning on vacation; it helps with acute diarrhea and prevents the development of dehydration. But this drug can provoke various side effects(up to intestinal cancer).
• Vitamin C. This useful vitamin, which helps fight obesity, improves immunity, and has a large number of positive properties, can cause the development of cancer cells in the body. With an overdose of vitamin C, DNA in the body is damaged, which leads to the formation of malignant tumors. The lethal dose of vitamin C for an adult is 45 grams.

Overdose of vitamin C damages DNA

First aid and treatment methods for drug overdose

In order to prevent drug poisoning of your body, you must strictly adhere to the rules of administration prescribed by your doctor. It is forbidden to use several drugs at the same time if you do not know about their compatibility. Self-medication without proper education can be fatal.

The cause of drug intoxication in the body can be either a one-time dose or long-term treatment with the drug in the wrong dosage. But most often, it is not improper treatment that is to blame for drug poisoning, but suicide attempts.

First aid

If you notice signs of drug intoxication in your body, then first of all you should:

• Call an ambulance and tell the dispatcher about drug poisoning. It is necessary to say: how much time has passed since taking the drug, what kind of drug it was, and what dose was taken.
• Take possible measures to urgently remove life-threatening chemical compounds from the body.

Depending on the method of entry of the deadly drug into the body, immediate resuscitation measures must be taken:

Treatment

For each individual case, the doctor individually selects treatment. This depends on many factors:

• How the medicine entered the body. When taking the drug in liquid form or entering it through the respiratory tract, or as an injection, poisoning occurs faster.
• The ability of a substance to accumulate in body tissues.
• Individual characteristics and biometric parameters.
• Use with other toxic drugs.
• Was a lethal dose of medication taken?

The fact how quickly first aid measures are taken in case of intoxication also plays a big role in treatment. If the people nearby did everything correctly, then treatment will help avoid death and serious complications.

• how to deal with them

Sleep disorders affect any person, regardless of age. The reasons are different: stress at work or at home, poor performance at school, unhappy love or upcoming life changes. Problems accumulate during the day and in the evening they deprive you of sleep. And here comes the turn of sedatives. Let's figure out what is the lethal dose of sleeping pills for a person in tablets, why it is better not to buy medicines without a prescription, and whether it exists effective medicine without addiction.

As scary as it is to realize, even the popular “No-shpa” can lead to death. An overdose of any medicine has dangerous consequences. That is why all pharmacists and doctors strongly advise keeping any medications away from children and carefully reading the instructions.

Drugs sold without a prescription, but which pose a direct threat to life in case of overdose - all sleep medications containing active substances: doxylamine succinate, phenobarbital, barbiturates, benzodiazepine. These may be medications:

• "Diphenhydramine";
• "Suprastin";
• "Diazepam";
• "Clonazepam";
• "ReSlip."

This list may include many other harmless remedies for allergies and colds, as well as tranquilizers. If you take them incorrectly, a person may simply not wake up.

Important to know! But an overdose of sleeping pills is not always fatal. Most often, the patient’s receptors for hearing, vision, and movement are blocked - he turns into a “vegetable.”

Overdose of sleeping pills: fatal

Is it even possible to die from sleeping pills or is this a myth? With a combination of various conditions and negative preconditions, it is possible. People with high blood pressure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental lability and central nervous system disorders are at risk.

Possible causes of overdose and poisoning

The first reason is an error. An older patient does not always remember exactly how many tablets he took or whether he took them at all. As a result, 2-3 doses are drunk, which entails the risk of death.

What other reasons could there be:

1. The intentional desire to end troubles in one's life.
2. Children who find the pills may drink a lot of them.
3. Poisoning due to the fact that medications are washed down not with water, but with alcohol.
4. Combination of incompatible drugs.
5. Bringing a person to murder by poisoning with large doses of a drug.

Attention! It is worth remembering that death can occur even from taking sleeping pills with Aspirin - not every drug interacts with this harmless medicine.

Stages of poisoning and symptoms

Death does not occur immediately; first there is active poisoning of the body, while the person goes through several stages. Each stage is characterized by its own characteristics. Let's look at all the stages and symptoms:

1. Increased drowsiness is stage I. Symptoms: inhibited reaction, impaired orientation in space, possible diarrhea, vomiting. At this stage, the person is still contactable and can react to external stimuli.
2. Superficial coma - stage II, called moderate-severe. The patient experiences a loss of connection with the outside world, consciousness is impaired, the person ceases to feel pain, there is no reaction to stimuli, reflexes are depressed. Hypersalivation often occurs, leading to aspiration of saliva into the respiratory tract - the patient will choke and will not be able to ask for help.
3. Deep coma - Stage III, which is called extremely heavy. Here, an overdose of sleeping pills has the most severe consequences: cerebral edema, damage to cortical structures, absence of all reflexes, respiratory depression, blood pressure decreases, and cardiovascular failure occurs in dynamic progression. If such a patient is not helped, his life is in serious danger.

The last stage is considered terminal - doctors diagnose clinical death, and if the effectiveness of resuscitation measures is low, then biological death.

List of consequences

An overdose of drugs does not always mean death; what is much more dangerous is the consequences that a person may have to live with in the future. Let's talk about them in more detail.

So, the consequences of an excessive dose of sleeping pills:

If you take sleeping pills constantly, addiction occurs. And this leads to the following consequences:

1. Insomnia. The patient gets used to a constant dose of medication and no longer sleeps without it.
2. Stress arising from lack of night rest. This leads to instability of the psycho-emotional background, which leads to nervous disorders varying degrees gravity.
3. Aggression. This is a symptom that also develops against the background of insomnia.
4. Decreased activity and mental skills. A person is faced with the fact that he is unable to do things that he previously handled with ease. This also causes an increase in negative emotions and leads to dangerous consequences.
5. Death. In medical practice, there are enough cases when a person taking an evening sedative did not wake up the next morning.

Attention! It is necessary to understand that the consequences of excessive use of sleeping pills can be: destruction of blood circulation and death of brain lobes, irreversible changes in the vascular network, life support organs, hypertension, myocardial infarction, strokes and other unpleasant diseases.

Fatal outcome: what should be the dose

So, how many sleeping pills do you need to take to die? It depends on the type of drug, age, and individual characteristics of the patient. For some species, one tablet will work, while for others you will need to take a handful of pills.

Attention! According to statistics, death is possible if you drink a 4-fold dose of sleeping pills. Also, death is inevitable when the drug is taken by a person who drinks alcohol. A teenager under 14 years old, a patient over 65 years old with high blood pressure can take the medicine at the indicated dose, but will not get sleep, but death. A child due to an unformed immune response and rapid absorption, an elderly person due to exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases.

Fatal overdose: certain types of drugs

What happens if you take a lot of sleeping pills and are there any medications that have a fatal effect? Yes. The list of dangerous drugs is quite wide. We list the main types:

1. "Donormil." A drug with a small list of contraindications. A dose of 10 capsules is considered lethal, but the amount is calculated individually. For some patients, a dose of 3 pills is enough if taken with alcohol.
2. "Melaxen". A dose that is 4 times higher than the norm is considered high - this is a pack of 10 tablets.
3. "Phenazepam." The strongest tranquilizer. A dose of 10 mg causes death.
4. Zoloft. New generation antidepressant. If the dose is exceeded 5-6 times, severe poisoning occurs, and if washed down with alcohol, death occurs.

Easy death from sleeping pills: fact or fiction

Let’s say right away that dying always hurts. Regardless of whether a capsule of a potent drug was taken, washed down with alcohol, or the drug was drunk in a large dose.

Complications are determined only by the type of drug components. In some cases, before death, a person feels suffocation, high blood pressure “pounds” into the temples, profuse vomiting and diarrhea spoil the “ beautiful picture» death. Let's add here convulsions, cramps that fetter the body and prevent you from moving, a breakdown of consciousness. Only then does hypnotic sleep occur, leading to coma and then death.

Emergency life saving

If one of your family or friends is taking a dangerous drug, you need to monitor how much the person has taken. It is especially important to control the dosage in older people who are prone to forgetfulness. It would be useful to learn the symptoms that indicate that you have taken a lot of the drug.

In any case, you cannot do without calling an emergency team. It is important to remember the name of the medications and not throw away the containers of the medications so that doctors can begin detoxification as quickly as possible and minimize the strong negative effect of poisoning.

First steps at home

While the ambulance is on its way, you should take a number of independent measures. In particular, if a person started using sleeping pills 30 minutes ago and is still conscious, you need to:

• give as much water as possible to drink;
• induce vomiting;
• give sorbents (activated carbon);
• pour sweet strong tea or milk.

If a person is unconscious, the algorithm of actions is:

• open your mouth and check for tablets - a large amount cannot be swallowed at once;
• if there are signs of breathing or heartbeat, place the patient on his side;
• vomiting began, you need to make sure that the respiratory organs are not clogged.

In case of cardiac arrest, indirect massage is necessary. You need to know this if there is a seriously ill person in the house, whose treatment is carried out with injections or sleeping pills.

Chances of survival

With timely help, the result of poisoning can be reversible. It is only important that the right doctor or person who knows what to do is nearby. With all other factors, there is also a chance to survive, however, severe damage to the brain and internal organs will result in a series of diseases, mental disorders and other troubles.

Attention! The consequence of poisoning with sleeping pills is not always death, most often it is a wheelchair, immobility or degradation of mental abilities. This is something you need to think about before you eat a handful of pills at a time - not all medications lead to instant death, and more fatal consequences can occur.

Overdose prevention: important rules

In order not to die from sleeping pills, you must carefully study the instructions for use, which describe interactions with other drugs. The rules for preventing a fatal outcome are simple: limit access to medications to children and elderly people with nervous disorders and strictly control the dose of the drug.

Conclusion

Sleeping pill poisoning is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Every minute is important; damage may not lead to death, but to the development of irreversible complications.

And, of course, you shouldn’t lull yourself to sleep with strong compounds right away. For example, the drug "Persen" has won excellent reviews, has few contraindications and helps with intermittent insomnia. If sleep disturbances are caused by one-time shocks, the day has been hard and you are stuck at work - do not rush to take sleeping pills. There are safe homeopathic remedies and herbal remedies that will help solve sleep problems.

An overdose of pills, causing death and complications, is a common systemic disorder that occurs due to patients' negligence towards their own health or physician illiteracy. It is accompanied by various disturbances in the functional activity of organs, which significantly worsens well-being and can lead to death. Requires first aid and hospitalization. Pathology is encrypted, code according to ICD 10 ( international classification diseases of the tenth revision) - T36-T50.

Causes of drug intoxication

To begin with, pill poisoning is divided into two main types: acute and chronic. Both options have their own etiology, pathogenesis and impact on the functioning of organ systems.

In the first form, there are several factors leading to this condition:

1. Incorrect dosage. The reason that lies on the surface of the problem and occurs in medical practice more often than others. Consumption of the wrong amount of medicine is possible due to self-medication or the incompetence of the doctor. Cases have been recorded of teenagers with an unbalanced psyche attempting to commit suicide and deliberately poisoning themselves.
2. Decreased functional activity of the liver and kidneys. These two organs are responsible for the metabolism and excretion of substances. In chronic or acute pathologies, the rate of biochemical transformations is somewhat reduced, and with prolonged use of the medication, intoxication occurs.
3. Violation of metabolic processes. There is a whole list of endocrine diseases and gastrointestinal disorders that are contraindications for the use of a particular drug.
4. Random reception. It is more common among children who are curious about every object, solution or beautiful bottle. The baby does not calculate the dosage, but consumes the entire package at once.
5. Drinking alcohol and smoking. Ethyl alcohol and nicotine can enhance the effects of certain medications.

Chronic drug poisoning is often detected in people involved in the production of drugs and chemicals. An employee who does not properly comply with safety regulations condemns himself to the entry of chemical compounds into the blood and the gradual development of intoxication. A similar condition is also observed in people on long-term treatment, but using the wrong amount of medication.

Features of the clinical picture

The symptoms of overdose vary and depend on the type of drug, its mechanism of action and purely individual pharmacological characteristics. Many tablets cannot be taken during pregnancy, as intrauterine intoxication of the fetus and miscarriage may occur. The signs of poisoning are described in more detail below.

Sleeping pills, sedatives

Used to reduce anxiety, agitation, snoring and emotional instability. Symptoms develop gradually, the active substance slowly immerses the victim in an unconscious state. Main representatives:

• Afobazole;
• Evening;
• Valerian.

The clinic goes through several stages:

1. First. It is characterized by the appearance of apathy and increased fatigue against the background of previous physical and mental stress. The patient feels sleepy and exhausted, but explains his condition by work and lack of sleep. The pulse is somewhat slow.
2. Second. The patient's consciousness is impaired, stupor and stupor are noted. The person still reacts to external stimuli, but sluggishly, and answers in monosyllables. Skeletal muscles are relaxed, the pupils constrict worse when the light is directed towards them. One-time vomiting may occur, which does not bring relief.
3. Third. The victim falls into a coma. There is a sharp decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia. The respiratory rhythm is disturbed, the functions of the liver and kidneys are impaired.
4. Fourth or terminal. The cardiac and pulmonary systems shut down, and without resuscitation measures the person dies.

Death can occur at night in a dream, when no family member suspects an overdose.

Cardiological

Among vascular and heart diseases, the most common is arterial hypertension with subsequent complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, functional failure) and arrhythmia of various courses. When treating these two diseases, drug poisoning may develop.

Medicines to lower blood pressure

This group includes drugs that affect the smooth muscle layer of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes, namely:

• ACE inhibitors;
• beta-adrenergic blockers;
• sartans;
• nitroglycerine.

The most common representatives are:

• Concor;
• Captopril;
• Metaprolol.

All of these medications reduce the heart rate and increase the lumen of small and large arteries. The clinical picture of an overdose is associated with this mechanism, against the background of which hypoxia of brain cells and subsequent impairment of consciousness are observed.

Symptoms may be supplemented by:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• flashing “flies” before the eyes;
• dizziness;
• an attack of bronchial asthma, if this pathology the person has a history of

In rare cases, patients fall into a coma, requiring emergency admission to a hospital intensive care unit.

Antiarrhythmics

Pharmacies offer a huge selection of medications that stabilize the heartbeat. Grandmothers love to self-medicate, listen to their neighbors’ stories, make a diagnosis and buy medicine without going into details. Cases of intoxication with cardiac glycosides are very often recorded, the dosage of which is selected strictly on an individual basis.

The clinical picture begins with a worsening of arrhythmia and increased heart rate, that is, the drug does not eliminate the symptoms, but, on the contrary, increases their severity. Against the background of pathology, hypertension and disorders of the central nervous system may develop. Signs of poisoning include:

• headache;
• decreased visual acuity;
• intestinal colic;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• disturbance of consciousness;
• mental changes in the form of hallucinations, delusions.

The time of death varies from half an hour to a day, it all depends on the quality of emergency measures taken, the absorbed dose and the state of health of the victim.

Psychoactive substances

This group of drugs is divided into two types of tablets and solutions: stimulating and suppressing the activity of the central nervous system. All medications penetrate well through the blood-brain barrier, affect neurons and, in high concentrations, cause a completely unpredictable reaction. Most often prescribed and used:

• Glycine;
• Tryptisol;
• Phenobarbital;

Symptoms of a provoked overdose are as follows:

• dry mucous membranes;
• dizziness;
• arrhythmia;
• a decrease in the volume of urine excreted or its complete absence;
• convulsive syndrome;
• epileptic seizures;
• increased body temperature;
• atony of the walls of internal organs, in particular the stomach and intestines;
• nausea;
• vomiting that does not bring relief;
• tremor of the limbs;
• headache.

At later stages of development, the patient falls into a coma, from which it will be quite difficult to bring him out. Death from psychotropic substances occurs within two hours if appropriate measures are not taken.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Products such as Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nimesil, Ketorol, Nise and others are found in almost any home medicine cabinet or women's bag. Everyone has taken these pills or powders at least once in their life. NSAIDs gained their popularity due to the short period of onset of the therapeutic effect and the ability to quickly relieve pain in the troubling area. Such medications are taken regularly, even when there are no special indications for taking them. People who are not familiar with the instructions for use and are eager to get rid of discomfort end up in toxicology with an overdose.

Clinical signs of intoxication include the following:

• increased heart rate and respiratory movements;
• changes in blood pressure;
• excessive sweating;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• dizziness;
• abdominal pain;
• convulsive syndrome.

Mental disorders in the form of depression and apathy are possible. They have virtually no effect on the functioning of the liver or kidneys. In general, poisoning is mild when compared with overdose of other drugs.

Antibiotics

Used in all areas of medicine: dentistry, therapy, surgery and others. This group of products is divided into several types that affect certain bacteria. Each species in high concentrations can disrupt organ functions and lead to serious consequences. The clinic consists of four areas, which are described in detail below in table form.

Popular representatives are Loratadine-Akrikhin, Cetirizine, Zyrtec, which belong to the second generation of medications. Suprastin and Diphenhydramine are still rarely used in medical practice. Poisoning is common among children under three years of age, the lethal dose is 5-6 tablets.

In the process of intoxication, a decrease in the functional activity of the central and autonomic nervous systems comes first. The clinical picture consists of the following symptoms:

• pale skin;
• dizziness;
• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomiting that does not bring relief;
• dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
• convulsive syndrome;
• tachycardia;
• tremor of the limbs;
• violation of movement coordination.

Sometimes there is a change in the psyche, consisting in the development of depression, the appearance of hallucinations, delusions, and emotional agitation.

Hormones

Death from an overdose of biologically active substances is highly likely, since basic metabolic processes are disrupted, cells do not receive the required amount of energy and ultimately die.

Signs of poisoning must be considered in relation to each medicine separately. According to statistics, insulin, thyroid hormones (thyroxine), glucocorticosteroids, and combined oral contraceptives are most often used in therapy.

As for the administration of a large volume of the first drug, the symptoms of an overdose will look like this:

• a feeling of hunger that is very difficult to satisfy;
• increasing weakness;
• tremor of the upper and lower extremities;
• copious amounts of sweat and saliva;
• dizziness;
• change in skin color;
• increase in heart rate.

In severe cases of the disease, mental disorders are observed: delirium, hallucinations, clouding of consciousness. The terminal state is hypoglycemic coma.

Thyroxine intoxication often becomes chronic when the doctor cannot select an adequate dosage. Sooner or later, a single clinic will develop, including:

• tachycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• increased body temperature;
• emotional excitement;
• headaches;
• acute psychosis;
• convulsive syndrome;
• burning in the throat;
• confusion.

When intoxicated with birth control pills, nausea, vomiting and bleeding from the vagina are observed. But as practice shows, women control the intake of drugs and do not overdose.

Glucocorticoid poisoning is relatively rare; the disease develops according to the scenario of Itsenko-Cushing syndrome. Noted:

• tissue swelling due to salt and water retention;
• symptomatic hypertension;
• sleep disorder;
• stomach ache;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• heartburn;
• epileptoid seizures.

The likelihood of developing an overdose is much higher when combining Prednisolone with cardiac glycosides and diuretics.

If there is excessive sensitivity to drugs or taking toxic doses, poisoning occurs, leading to asphyxia and death in a short period of time. The entire pathogenesis is based on excessive relaxation of muscle tissue.

Signs of a pill overdose are:

• heaviness of eyelids;
• speech disorder;
• inability to take a sip or a full breath;
• skeletal muscle paralysis;
• bradycardia;
• arterial hypotension.

Without first aid and hospitalization, the victim can die instantly or within an hour.

Diuretics

Poisoning with diuretics does not have any specific symptoms, however, it is often encountered in medical practice, since patients like to use this group of medications to cleanse the kidneys, blood vessels, and satisfy the desire to lose weight, but do not look at the instructions for use.

Signs of intoxication include:

• decreased blood pressure;
• severe headaches;
• general weakness, malaise;
• tachycardia;
• decreased visual acuity;
• dry mucous membranes;
• thirst;
• fainting; dizziness.

The time of death from tablets depends on the type of drug, the volume used and the condition of the patient. The risk group includes adults with chronic renal dysfunction in the decompensation stage.

Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants

They are agents that act on the blood coagulation system. One of them is Aspirin, the other is Heparin and its derivatives.

Acetylsalicylic acid poisoning comes in two forms: acute and chronic. The first is characterized by:

• increased respiratory movements;
• appearance of cough;
• increased body temperature;
• pale skin, cyanosis;
• tachycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• drowsiness;
• loss of consciousness;
• convulsive syndrome.

If intoxication has affected the renal structures, then the patient’s urination decreases and a water-electrolyte imbalance develops.

In case of chronic overdose, the clinical picture increases gradually and includes:

• tinnitus;
• abdominal pain;
• sweating of the skin;
• increased fatigue during habitual physical or mental stress;
• periodic fainting;
• hearing loss.

All symptoms are non-specific, the patient can go through many doctors and only at the very end understand why the whole body is suffering.

When consuming large amounts of Heparin, the first and most obvious sign is bleeding. Hemorrhagic syndrome affects the epidermis, mucous membranes, gums, internal organs. A decrease in circulating blood volume leads to secondary symptoms:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• bloody cough;
• weaknesses;
• pallor.

An overdose is dangerous due to shock and pulmonary edema, both conditions require emergency medical attention, otherwise the death of a person cannot be ruled out.

The most popular popular representative of this group of tablets is No-shpa or Drotaverine. Used as an analgesic to relieve abdominal cramps. Quite often used for other purposes, people for some reason think that the drug also has an antipyretic effect, although this is far from the case.

Excessive use of antispasmodics provokes symptoms such as:

• respiratory muscle paralysis;
• sleep disturbance;
• chest pain resembling angina pectoris;
• migraine;
• dizziness;
• nausea;
• vomiting

Intoxication can result in cardiac or respiratory arrest, which leads to death.

What to do if you overdose on pills?

Many therapeutic measures can be carried out independently if the signs are not clearly expressed, but it is best to seek help from loved ones by telling your own complaints.

Those around you should not panic; all actions must be thought through and carried out as soon as possible. Before carrying out the procedures, in any case, you need to call an ambulance, since the victim will need hospitalization and therapy carried out exclusively in a hospital setting.

Gastric lavage

Manipulation is contraindicated if a small child has been poisoned, since there is a high risk of aspiration - the contents of the organ entering the respiratory tract. It cannot be carried out if a person has impaired or absent consciousness.

You can clean the upper parts of the digestive tract using a weak solution of soda, sea salt or potassium permanganate. The gag reflex is induced by pressing on the root of the tongue with your fingers or a spoon. It is recommended to repeat the procedure several times until clear wash water appears.

The therapeutic value of this method is preserved if no more than three hours have passed from the onset of the pathology. After this period of time, the active substance is completely absorbed into the blood.

Cleansing enema

It is undesirable to resort to the procedure if there is no proper experience; perforation of the rectum is possible, which will aggravate the course of the pathology.

Ordinary warm boiled water is suitable for manipulation; the volume of injected liquid varies between 1–2 liters.

Sorbents

It is rational to use this group of medications 5–7 minutes after gastric lavage to absorb the residual amount of the toxic compound. Available in the form of tablets, gels, powders for dilution.

Each drug has its own method of use; for proper use, you must first read the instructions. For example, the calculation of activated carbon is quite simple - 1 tablet per ten kilograms of human body weight. Polysorb or Enterosgel is available in individual packages; one volume is enough to provide emergency assistance to the victim.

Drink

Drinking large amounts of liquid during an overdose is prerequisite. Treatment with this method is determined by three factors:

• stimulation of the kidneys and increased filtration rate;
• replenishing the volume of circulating blood, preventing dehydration against the background of excessive diarrhea or vomiting;
• diluting the concentration of the drug used in the cavity of the gastrointestinal tract.

The victim should not drink juices, compotes or fruit drinks, but clean boiled water. To achieve the best effect and restore electrolyte balance, it is recommended to slightly salt the liquid.

The administration of any drugs is strictly prohibited; such patients are treated exclusively by medical personnel. Help will only be needed if the victim loses his pulse. Then an indirect cardiac massage is performed and artificial respiration is performed.

To prevent asphyxia by vomiting, it is best to turn the patient to the side and hold his head. You need to make sure that your tongue doesn’t sink in; you can also choke on it in an unconscious state.

With the development of convulsive attacks

Epileptic seizures during an overdose of pills are possible and quite common. In order to avoid injuries, wounds when the limbs or head are beaten, the person must simply be held and also turned to the left or right side. There are no specific recommendations regarding seizure syndrome.

Medical treatment

Doctors quickly examine the patient, find the cause of the disorder and come up with a plan of action. PMP is carried out in an ambulance or at the scene of an accident, further measures are prescribed by an inpatient doctor.

Therapy consists of the following procedures:

• intravenous administration of saline solutions;
• use of a specific antidote, if available;
• restoring normal blood pressure and heart rate with adrenaline, Foradil and similar medications.

In severe cases, resuscitation is required; doctors perform defibrillation and connect the person to a ventilator. Additionally, plasmapheresis and hemodialysis are used to cleanse the blood.

Possible consequences

Complications affect almost all organ systems. Include conditions such as:

• pulmonary edema;
• functional impairment;
• mental disorder;
• anuria;
• myocardial infarction;
• stroke;
• anemia;
• gastritis;
• stomach and duodenal ulcers;
• complete cardiac or respiratory arrest.

It is worth remembering that the consequences are divided into early and late. For this reason, all patients remain for some time under dispensary registration with a therapist or other doctor of a narrow specialization. Examinations must be carried out regularly, so that formed pathologies can be identified at the earliest stages.

Prevention

• take the medicine in accordance with the prescribed dosage;
• do not use expired medications;
• store medications out of the reach of children;
• follow the instructions, do not drink if you have liver and kidney diseases in the stage of decompensation;
• wear protective equipment in pharmaceutical production;
• Do not mix incompatible or mutually reinforcing substances.

There is no need to self-medicate and mindlessly drink remedies for this or that disease. Exercise prudence and consult a doctor, otherwise you may lead to death or serious complications.