Ureaplasma in men analysis transcript. Analysis for ureaplasma. Types of pathogen and clinical manifestations

The most dangerous sexually transmitted disease is ureaplasmosis. The disease may have no symptoms for many years and multiply in the cells of the human body. The causative agent of the disease is uroleaplasma long time located in the cells of the body, under unfavorable conditions it can leave them.

What effect does the pathogen have directly on a woman’s body, what methods of diagnosing ureaplasmosis exist, what are the normal levels of antibodies in the blood for ureaplasma - we will consider in this material.

Ureaplasmas are the causative agents of the infectious disease ureaplasmosis. They are neither bacteria nor viruses. The characteristics of the infection are similar to mycoplasmas and. But ureaplasmas have some differences:

are classified as gram-positive;
transmitted vertically and sexually;
are pathogenic microorganisms;
penetrate and spread in the genitourinary organs;
do not have DNA or protein shell;
decompose urea.

If the disease persists for a long time, there can be serious consequences. Urethritis is one of the diseases that is caused by the appearance in the body.

The infection can affect:

prostate gland;
bladder;
ovaries;
vagina;
cervix;
uterus

It is important to understand that ureaplasmosis develops into other serious diseases, the treatment of which is long and painful: cystitis, colpitis, prostatitis, epididymitis.

Therefore, when identifying an infection, you should treat it with responsibility.

It is much more difficult to remove ureaplasma that has penetrated deeply than at the initial stage with urethritis.

The peculiarity of ureaplasmosis is that it leads to infertility.According to statistics, 50% of women are infected with ureaplasma.

Having hormonal imbalances and vaginal flora, microorganisms become active in this area at high speed and lead to disease.

There are cases when infection occurs when the baby's skin comes into contact with the mother's mucous membrane during childbirth.

Symptoms of the disease

The symptoms of the disease are varied. It may take a month or more from infection to the appearance of the first signs.

Attention: ureaplasmosis can be asymptomatic for a long period, when a person is already a carrier of the disease and passes it on to his sexual partners.

When an infection enters the female body, symptoms appear that depend on the degree of damage to the organ:

urination occurs more often than usual and is accompanied by pain;
urethra, and the external genitalia itch;
vaginal discharge appears with mucus and a cloudy color;
ovulation is accompanied by brown or bloody discharge;
liver hurts;
a rash appears on the skin;
colds more often than usual;
cervical erosion is diagnosed, purulent discharge appears.

Carefully: cases were identified where women had microorganisms for 7 years and did not know about their existence, infecting their sexual partners.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is carried out without any particular difficulties. It is important to know that the test for the presence of these microorganisms is taken several times. The goal is to identify pathology and treatment results.

Modern medicine has four methods for detecting ureaplasmosis.

Norm of ureaplasma in a smear in women it is determined by bacteriological method. It is characterized by the taking of biological material.

Guaranteeing an accurate result and determining the degree of sensitivity of a microorganism to antibacterial agents is the key to successful diagnosis.

A smear is taken from the cervix.

Seven days later, the results of the study are provided. The disadvantage of this diagnostic method is the price, since it is significantly higher than other methods.

Polymerase chain reaction method is the most effective among other types of diagnostics. It shows not only the presence, but also reveals ureaplasma and determines whether it is normal or not.

This method finds genetic material in the cervix and accurately determines the disease. More affordable than bacteriological.

Results are known within three days. The disadvantage of this diagnostic method is the inability to determine sensitivity to antibacterial agents and the number of pathogens in the material remains secret.

Another diagnostic method reveals presence of antibodies in the blood to ureaplasma. The results are approximately true, because the antibodies remain in the female body after getting rid of ureaplasmosis. This method is called serological.

A similar method is the direct immunofluorescence method. The figures are not accurate.

The diagnostic price is cheap, but the effectiveness is estimated at only 60%.

All diagnostic methods are effective and enable specialists to prescribe competent treatment.

After treating the disease, you should definitely take tests again no later than seven days later to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.

Features of the analysis for ureaplasmosis

When donating blood, the patient must go to the laboratory in the morning and donate it on an empty stomach.

Even a cup of tea can make the results unreliable.

A urine test is also given in the morning; the first morning urine is collected.

It is important that the urine stays in the bladder for at least four to six hours, only then can you count on a true analysis conclusion.

three days before the smear test, you should not use suppositories, ointments, or vaginal preparations;
the day before the test you cannot douche;
You should not use antibiotics or antiviral drugs a month before taking a smear.

You should not take a scraping or smear during menstruation; it is recommended to contact a specialist closer to the middle of the menstrual cycle.

You can't have sex for a few days before your test. Genital hygiene should be carried out no later than the evening before the test, and do not use ointments or gels.

Normal indicators

It is important to understand that the detection of ureaplasma or other foreign microorganisms in the body does not always indicate illness.

The norm in women for ureaplasma when diagnosed by PCR should not exceed the mark 104 CFU per 1 ml. If the indicator is higher, this is a signal about the presence of active microorganisms.

These same numbers for ureaplasma are normal indicators in the culture results.

There are infections in the world that almost all people are carriers of, but they don’t even know it. Such infections include hepatitis, herpes and ureaplasma. And if the first two infections are quite widely known to the public, then many people have never even heard of the last pathology. But low popularity does not make the disease less dangerous, which is why, in attempts to identify this pathology, the norm of ureaplasma is determined in tests.

Preparing for tests to detect ureaplasmosis

The presence of the disease can be determined using a serological diagnostic method, in this case, the patient's blood is taken from a vein, this manipulation is performed in the morning and on an empty stomach. You need to understand that even drinking a cup of tea in the morning can cause unreliable results. Over the course of 5-7 days, the titer of antibodies of various types is detected. To ensure the accuracy of the analysis, you should refrain from taking it while taking any medications. A few days before the examination, it is recommended to exclude foods with a high fat content from your menu. In addition, you should completely avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

When performing a polymerase chain reaction on the second or third day after the end of menstruation, smears are taken from the urethra, vagina and cervical canal in women. Before taking biological material, doctors advise against douching, as well as the use of vaginal ointments and suppositories. The examination of representatives of the stronger sex should be carried out no earlier than three hours after urination, this will eliminate the possibility of “washing off” the causative agent of the pathology together with urine. Before submitting the material, men and women are advised to abstain from sexual activity for several days.

During bacteriological culture, women are taken from the urinary and cervical canals and the vagina. In men, the mucous membrane of urine, urethra and prostate secretions are studied. To assess the content of ureaplasma, morning urine is used in a volume of 40 to 50 milliliters. Urine should remain in the patient’s bladder for 3-6 hours, this is the only way to guarantee the veracity of the test results.

Before donating biological material, it is recommended to refrain from sexual activity and drinking alcohol. If ureaplasma has exceeded the norm, then with the help of this analysis it is possible not only to determine the causative agent of the disease, but also its resistance to antibacterial drugs.

There are alternative methods for determining elevated levels of ureaplasma:

scraping from the cervix - the resulting material is placed in a special transport medium;
insertion of a physical solution into the vagina and its further withdrawal using graduated instruments;
A tampon is placed in the vagina for several hours.

Such research methods are not reliable.

Decoding the analysis results

Only a doctor should decipher the results obtained, since the presence of ureaplasma in the tests is not an indicator of the disease and the need to use medications.

When conducting a blood test using ELISA, the level of antibodies in the blood is noted on a special form. Moreover, in the case of simultaneous testing in several laboratories, the antibody indicator may vary, since each medical institution uses its own reagents. If the ureaplasma indicators are within the normal range, then in the transcript of the analysis the word “normal” is written in the corresponding paragraph. If the results of the ELISA test raise doubts among the doctor, the patient is prescribed another examination.

When studying biological material using the PCR method, the normal amount of ureaplasma does not exceed 104 CFU per 1 milliliter. If the value is higher than the specified mark, then this is a sign of the presence of ureaplasmosis pathogen activity in the body. A similar decoding is present in the case of studying biomaterials using bacteriological culture.

As a result, it can be noted that if, during the tests, ureaplasma indicators are 103 or 104 CFU/ml, then this is an acceptable value and there is no pathology. If this indicator is exceeded, for example, 106 CFU/ml, then an analysis is required, during which the sensitivity of the pathogen to various types antibiotics. After which, it is necessary to undergo the course of therapy prescribed by the doctor.

Diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is also possible through a serological blood test. During this study, the presence of immunoglobulins in the blood is detected. The decoding must indicate their type:

The presence of group M antibodies indicates that the disease is in the development stage and the body is just forming a protective reaction to ureaplasma.
The detection of immunoglobulins of group G indicates that the infectious process has been occurring in the body for a long time. But the determination of immunoglobulins of this type may also indicate that the disease has already been cured.

Normal indicators

The average rate of ureaplasma in the body is 104. If, after taking the test, it was determined that the rate is below the specified value, then this is also normal; only an excess of this value can be considered pathological.

Regarding why exactly the number of 104 CFU per 1 ml is considered an indicator of normality, the basis here was taken from studies conducted in 1956 by Edward Cass, who, during the examination of patients suffering from polyneuritis, used the term “significant level” , thanks to which patients were divided into two groups:

those who need treatment;
people who do not need therapy.

The scientist assumed that the normal value of ureaplasma should be 105 CFU/ml, and many of Cass’s contemporaries agreed with this opinion. And only after several decades, during which research did not stop, it was revealed that the majority of women were susceptible to the disease, in whom, according to Cass, ureaplasma was lower or corresponded to the norm.

Similar studies were carried out in 1982 in Germany, according to them, infectious processes in the genitourinary system are most often found in men whose blood concentration of ureaplasma exceeded 104 CFU per 1 ml.

There are quite a few studies where a clear determination of the amount of ureaplasma in the blood was carried out, but the most significant of them are the following:

Lipman's studies related to the relationship between preterm labor and ureaplasma levels exceeding the norm by almost two times. Conducted in 1988.
The Horowitz study, which was conducted in the early postpartum period to identify negative impact microorganisms urealiticum, provoking the formation of endometritis with an indicator of 105 CFU per 1 ml.

As a result, it can be assumed that a figure of 104 CFU/ml is considered normal only because more accurate research has not been conducted in this area.

Reasons for deviations from the norm

Exceeding the norm of ureaplasma in the blood can occur due to the following reasons:

When is treatment prescribed?

If, during a blood test, an increased level of ureaplasma in the blood was diagnosed, then the doctor diagnoses ureaplasmosis. It is in this case that you need to start treating the disease. Prevention of this disease can only be prescribed to women planning pregnancy.

Therapy is carried out on an outpatient basis, which is directly related to the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to various antibiotics. There are situations where even several courses of treatment do not give any positive effect, since no suitable antibacterial agent has been found.

If the disease was detected in the absence of pregnancy, then the doctor prescribes drugs of the tetracycline group, namely: Doxycycline and Tetracycline. Macrolides can also be prescribed, including Vilprafen and Azithromycin. Occasionally, drugs related to fluoroquinolones are prescribed, among which are Pefloxacin and Ofloxacin.

If a pathology is detected during pregnancy, only a few are prescribed medicines from the macrolide group, other drugs are contraindicated.

Also, to normalize the level of ureaplasma in the blood, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules during therapy:

abstain from sexual activity (as a last resort, sexual intercourse is possible only when using a condom);
go on a diet during which fried, salty, hot and spicy foods are excluded from the diet;
stop drinking alcoholic beverages.

Two weeks after the start of using antibacterial agents, the first control analysis is carried out. If it shows normal levels of ureaplasma, then in a month you will need to donate blood again.

There are numerous studies that can determine the presence of the described disease, but only PCR analysis can provide the most accurate indicators of ureaplasma levels in the blood.

Ureaplasma (family Mycoplasmaсea) is constantly present in the mucous membranes of the genital organs and respiratory tract person. But the harmless symbiosis lasts for the time being. Once you relax and boost your immune system, these microorganisms become active and cause a serious infectious disease - ureaplasmosis. Gynecologists and urologists advise timely testing for ureaplasmosis (ureaplasma), since this disease ends in purulent infections, infertility and other very unpleasant diseases.

CONSULTATION ON THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OR ULTRASOUND BY A UROLOGIST, GYNECOLOGIST - 500 rubles.

What is ureaplasma and why is it so dangerous?

The size of ureaplasmas is close to viruses, but the composition of cells is close to bacteria, which have DNA and RNA. This is rather a transitional stage from microorganisms to unicellular organisms. Pathogens do not penetrate into the nucleus or cytoplasm (liquid part of the cell) of the host cell, but are located on the surface of cell membranes, penetrating into them. Thus, ureaplasmas “escape” phagocytosis (attack by immune cells), which determines their ability to live in the body for a very long time. This condition is called persistence.

Ureaplasmas were previously classified as similar microorganisms -, but due to their distinctive ability to break down urea, ureaplasmas were placed in a separate group. At the same time, the ability to form ammonia from urea is the main reason for the harmfulness of these microorganisms. Ammonia has a toxic (poisonous) effect on the cells of the urogenital tract in men and women and disrupts the biocenosis (composition of living flora) of the vagina, reducing local immunity. This is associated with torpid (acute) and recurrent (repeated) course of urethritis and vulvovaginitis.

Disputes still continue over the true classification of the pathogen. In Russia, in 2000, Order No. 315 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation was issued, excluding ureaplasmosis from the list of sexually transmitted infections - i.e. the disease is not classified as But according to the WHO (World Health Organization) classification of sexually transmitted infections, in 2006 the subspecies Ureaplasma urealyticum (ureaplasma urealyticum) was specifically classified as a causative agent of sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, we can say what is included in the spectrum of examination for sexually and non-genital infections.

Why do you need to get tested for ureaplasmosis?

Patients are referred for tests or, suggesting that it was this pathogen that caused the inflammation in genitourinary system. The reason is an ongoing treatment that is not yielding results.

Due to the absence of a cell wall - it was replaced by a three-layer cell membrane, ureaplasmas are resistant (resistant) to drugs that destroy pathogens precisely through their effect on cell walls. The number of drugs that cannot cope with ureaplasma includes penicillin and its derivatives, which are the main drugs prescribed for the treatment of most sexually transmitted infections.

A complete test for ureaplasmosis identifies the microorganism itself, determines its concentration, and checks the resistance of ureaplasma to various drugs. Treatment will be prescribed after identifying a drug that can affect the pathogen.

When is a test for ureaplasmosis necessary?

The analysis is prescribed in the absence of other possible reasons inflammation. The main indications for determining ureaplasma: diagnosis of ureaplasma infection, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility.

This analysis is necessary to identify the etiological (main, determining) factor of chronic inflammation in the genitourinary system, for differential diagnosis (comparison when clarifying the diagnosis) with chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma infection, for choosing antibacterial therapy, assessing the results of taking antibiotics, and conducting a preventive examination.

What tests are taken for ureaplasma?

Culture for ureaplasma does not determine its type, therefore, if it is necessary to clarify which pathogen - U. urealyticum or U. parvum is present in the body, you need to take a PCR test. Material for inoculation for ureaplasma urealiticum - discharge of the urogenital tract.

Ureaplasma (U. species) is considered as a cause of inflammation in the genitourinary tract, if tests do not reveal other pathogenic microorganisms that cause these diseases. For accurate diagnosis, the method of cultivation on nutrient media (seeding is done) is suitable. Practice shows that in 80% of cases with ureaplasma, other pathogens are also detected - mycoplasma, chlamydia, and other anaerobic (not requiring oxygen) flora.

How does a person become infected with ureaplasmosis?

The source of infection is a patient with ureaplasma infection or a carrier of ureaplasma. You can get infected in several ways:

Antenatal- intrauterine. Up to 23% of unborn children become infected from sick mothers.
Intrapartum - infection during childbirth. Only 50% of newborns have a chance to remain healthy. Once in the genital tract of a newborn, ureaplasma can remain there in an inactive state for an unlimited time. If there is a normal microflora - a kind of physiological barrier, the infection does not manifest itself in any way.
Contact and household - this happens very rarely, since the pathogens are not viable in the external environment. And yet, this is possible if the microorganism is in humid, warm conditions, with poor air access, for example, in a public shower that is not cleaned or ventilated. Slippery walls, slimy from dampness, which do not get hot water, are very reminiscent of the conditions in the body.
Sexual- the main route of infection. A sick person can infect a healthy partner during sexual intercourse. Most often, carriers of ureaplasmosis are women.

Infection is not yet a disease, but already a carrier state. Those. a person is already capable of infecting sexual partners.

Reasons for activation of ureaplasma

The cause of infections is conditions associated with immunodeficiency (decreased immunity). For example, vaginal dysbiosis as a consequence of bacterial vaginosis in women, impaired production of prostatic antimicrobial factor in men, impaired local immunity, concomitant infections - gonorrhea, chlamydia, etc.

Symptoms of ureaplasmosis

Symptoms of ureaplasmosis are minor, sometimes they do not appear at all. 20-30 days after infection, the patient may experience itching and burning when urinating. Men may experience discomfort in the groin area, and sometimes there is mucous discharge from the urethra.

Women are much less likely to experience symptoms of the disease: pain in the lower abdomen, burning during urination, vaginal discharge. Symptoms of ureaplasmosis A In many ways they are similar to other inflammatory processes. Advanced ureaplasmosis in women often causes inflammation of the appendages, vagina and uterus, can lead to complications of pregnancy and infertility, and in men cause urethritis and prostatitis. Consequently, patients experience new ones.

If the patient’s immunity is very weak, then ureaplasma spreads higher through the genital tract (ascending route). The result of this is inflammation of the uterus (endometritis), appendages (). Signs of widespread inflammation are menstrual irregularities with intermenstrual bleeding. Critical days become abundant and long. An important sign is nagging pain in the lower abdomen.

Why is ureaplasmosis dangerous for men and women?

In menureaplasma - the cause of inflammation of the urethra (diagnosis - non-gonococcal urethritis), bladder (acute and chronic cystitis), prostate (acute and chronic prostatitis), damage to the testicles (orchitis), epididymis (epididymitis). Also, ureaplasmosis impairs the quality of sperm, causing a weakening of sperm motility and number, and this is guaranteed infertility. Ureaplasma also affects other organs, causing reactive arthritis and urolithiasis.

In womenUreaplasma is a common cause of inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis), cervix (cervicitis), and neoplasms. With weak immunity, inflammation of the uterus (endometritis) and its appendages develops (adnexitis with complications of the fallopian tubes (development of adhesions). This guarantees ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In addition, ureaplasmosis is the cause of cervical insufficiency, miscarriages, chorioamnionitis, the birth of premature, malnourished children ( less than 2500 g), as well as bronchopulmonary diseases (pneumonia, dysplasia), bacteremia and meningitis in newborns.

The problem with ureaplasmosis during pregnancy is that when ureaplasma is detected, the gynecologist has to choose between two dangerous consequences:

If ureaplasmosis in a pregnant woman is not treated, then there is a risk that the child will be born sick immediately or the infection will manifest itself later.
If ureaplasmosis is treated, and for this it is necessary to use a strong antibiotic, then the newborn can also expect consequences only caused by the drugs. Antibiotics can also cause miscarriage.

This is why gynecologists prescribe tests for ureaplasmosis when planning pregnancy and in the earliest stages. If ureaplasma is detected before 6 weeks of pregnancy, a woman can do so by planning a pregnancy after treatment.

Danger for children

In children infected mothers, ureaplasmosis is activated with weak immunity. The immune system is quickly weakened by colds, congenital pathologies, poor nutrition, living in a poor environment, etc. Ureaplasma is found in the lungs of premature babies with pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Its isolation from the spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) in the absence of pleocytosis, with meningitis, and hemorrhages in the ventricles of the brain has been described.

It has been established that in children infected in utero with Ureaplasma urealiticum, in the first 7 years of life the level of nonspecific inflammatory diseases respiratory organs and gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) increased almost 4 times. But at the same time, determining ureaplasma in a child without signs of pathology is not an indication for prescribing an antibiotic. Treatment is carried out only for manifest disease with culture isolation.

When and what tests to take for ureaplasmosis

The peculiarity of ureaplasmosis is that it can be asymptomatic. That is why the infection is most often detected through laboratory testing.Examination of ureaplasmosis is done if there are compelling reasons for this: threat of miscarriage, before pelvic surgery, in case of infertility, miscarriage, etc.

This disease is detected using methods:

serological method;
bacterial culture;
immunofluorescence reactions (RNIF, RPIF).

For a more accurate diagnosis, it is better to use several methods simultaneously. This will make it more likely that you have an infection. The most common and primarily prescribed are two test options:

Bacterial culture.It helps identify two types of virus (U. parvum and U. urealyticum) and determine the number, as well as their sensitivity to certain antibiotics. For analysis, a smear is taken (from the cervix, urethra or vagina) and a culture is done.
PCR analysis, for which scrapings from mucous membranes or blood from a vein are used as the test material.

Preparation for analysis

For the serological diagnostic method, blood is taken from a vein on an empty stomach in the morning. Within 5-7 days, the titer of antibodies of various classes can be determined. To ensure that the test is accurate, it is not recommended to perform it while the patient is taking any medications. One or two days before the serological examination, you need to exclude fatty, “heavy” foods and alcohol from your diet.

For PCR diagnosis of ureaplasma, smears are taken from the vagina, urethra and cervical canal in women 2-3 days after the end of menstruation. Before taking material, it is not recommended to douche, use vaginal ointments or suppositories. Men can be examined no earlier than 3 hours after urination, so that the pathogen is not “washed away” along with the urine. Before the test, patients are advised to abstain from sexual activity for a day or two.

For bacteriological culture for ureaplasma, smears from women are taken from the vagina, cervical and urethra. In men, the urethral mucosa, prostate secretions and urine are examined. For the study, morning urine is taken in a volume of 40-50 ml. Before the examination, it is recommended to abstain from sexual relations and alcohol. In this case, not only the pathogen itself is identified, but its sensitivity to antibiotics is also determined.

Immunofluorescence reactions (RNIF, RPIF), in which smears from the genitourinary tract are also examined. Preparation for them is similar to that recommended for bacterial culture and PCR diagnostics.

Decoding the analysis for ureaplasma

To diagnose ureaplasmosis, several types of tests are used: serological method, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), bacterial culture for ureaplasma, reactionsimmunofluorescence(RNIF, RPIF).

Interpretation of the results of serological examination

A serological examination of blood determines the presence of immunoglobulins in it. The decoding must indicate each of their types, as this is very important for diagnosis:

Presence of class M antibodiesmeans that the disease is still in the development stage and a protective reaction to ureaplasma is being formed.
Detection of immunoglobulins Gindicates that the infection has been present in the body for a long time. Sometimes a positive result can persist even after recovery. Sometimes the presence of G-antibodies indicates that the disease has already been cured, for example, when taking antibiotics for another disease.

In addition to the presence of immunoglobulins, the analysis also indicates their quantity. At negative result There are no antibodies in the tests.

Explanation of PCR analysis

In this case, the result of the analysis indicates whether Ureaplasma urealiticum is detected. This method is very accurate, but it requires care and experience. If the test is performed incorrectly or low-quality reagents are used, the result may be false positive or false negative.

With a deeper localization of the pathogen (ovaries, uterus) or the use of antibiotics, the PRC study may not diagnose the presence of ureaplasma even if it is present.

Interpretation of bacterial culture results

The material is sown in a nutrient medium, and the maximum concentration of microorganisms should not exceed 10*4 CFU/1 ml. (ureaplasma 10 to 4 degrees -this is the norm). This type of research also makes it possible to identify pathogen resistance to antibiotics. Which antibiotic will help with ureaplasma is indicated in the result. But the name of a group of antibiotics is not a medicine yet! The doctor will prescribe the drug for ureaplasma, and he will also take into account other types of pathogens that are found together with ureaplasma.

Decoding the results of RNIF, RPIF

Reactions direct and indirect immunofluorescence are positive and negative. In the first case, the pathogen is present in the body, and in the second, it is absent. In doubtful cases, it is recommended to conduct several types of studies - this will give more accurate results. results.

Features of treatment of ureaplasmosis according to test results

Based on the test results, the doctor makes conclusions about prescribing medications. If ureaplasma is not detected or is present at an acceptable level, no treatment is required. If the permissible values are exceeded, based on research, the doctor prescribes those antibiotics that are most suitable for a given type of ureaplasma and associated infections - there is rarely one ureaplasmosis. Along with ureaplasma, chlamydia, gonococci and trichomonas, mycoplasma, gardnerella, human papillomavirus (HPV) and genital herpes are detected.

Treatment for ureaplasmosis is carried out for both partners if they are infected. During this period, you should exclude sexual contacts or use a condom. In addition to antibiotics, drugs that enhance immunity and physical therapy are used. To prevent relapses, you need to eat right, normalize body weight, follow a daily routine, harden yourself, and be physically active.

Where to get tested in St. Petersburg

We invite you to take tests for any infections in our laboratory in St. Petersburg at 10 Zanevsky Prospekt. An appointment based on the test results - a consultation with a urologist or gynecologist - will cost only 500 rubles.

Infections of the genitourinary system cause inconvenience and problems for patients. Modern methods diagnostics make it possible to detect infection at the earliest stages of development. A common and informative way to detect urogenital infections is to culture for ureaplasma. Analysis for ureaplasma allows you to determine infection in both women and men. The results of bacterial culture have a high diagnostic value in the field of urology and gynecology, as they provide the opportunity to accurately determine infections in the genitourinary system.

Ureaplasma (ureaplasma parvum (parvum), urealiticum (urealiticum), spp) are opportunistic microorganisms that live on the mucous membranes of the reproductive system. Microorganisms provoke the development of certain diseases, but can also be detected in a healthy person. Infections transmitted through sexual contact are widespread and ureaplasma is no exception. Most often, ureaplasma, present in the human body, has no manifestations. If the pathology progresses, then the symptoms are expressed as follows:

inflammatory reactions of the uterus and appendages;
cystitis;
the appearance of blood in the urine;
cloudy color in urine;
spontaneous termination of pregnancy;
premature onset of labor;
urethritis in males.

To identify the microorganisms ureaplasma urealyticum, parvum and spp in the body, culture for ureaplasma and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are performed. People who are sexually active are most susceptible to infection through the genitals. Half of the female sex is carriers of ureaplasma urealyticum, parvum, spp; among men this phenomenon is less common. Infection through household contact is unlikely. If after testing for ureaplasma positive results are obtained, then a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is made. Ureaplasmosis is one of the infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.

As a rule, with ureaplasmosis, ureaplasma microorganisms are not detected in the urine. A urine test is ordered to look for other bacteria present in the urine that may present with similar symptoms. If the results of the study are normal, the doctor immediately rules out large number others infectious diseases. Many diseases of the genitourinary system are accompanied by the appearance of blood and cloudiness in the urine, for example, glomerulonephritis, urethritis, urolithiasis and others. These diseases are characterized by deviations from the norm in other indicators determined in the urine.

What is culture for ureaplasma?

A tank is inoculated for ureaplasma; it is called a cultural study - this is an analysis in which the material being studied is taken and then placed in a special nutrient medium. During the analysis process, laboratory assistants calculate the quantitative value of ureaplasma and mycoplasma per 1 ml of the test material. Culture for ureaplasma also involves determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics (AS). You need to get tested for ureaplasma if:

inflammatory reaction in the genitourinary system;
unprotected sexual intercourse;
irregularity of sexual partners;
suspected ectopic pregnancy;
preventive examination;
planning pregnancy.

Taking a test for ureaplasma is not difficult and does not require special complex preparation. The sample material is collected by scraping the mucous membranes of the urinary and reproductive organs. Before testing for ureaplasma, at least 4 hours must pass after the last emptying of the bladder and 24 hours after sexual intercourse. Tests for ureaplasma in men are taken from the urethra. The ejaculate is also studied during the research process. An analysis for ureaplasmosis in women is done between menstruation; a scraping is taken from the surface of the vaginal mucosa.

Norm and interpretation of analysis results

When analyzing for ureaplasma urealyticum, parvum (spp), the norm is considered to be a quantitative value of microorganisms of up to 10 4 CFU per 1 ml of the test material. The presence of bacteria in such a volume is considered a normal result and means that there is no inflammation, but the person is a carrier of ureaplasma urealyticum or parvum infection. If, when deciphering the results of the study, the doctor discovers that the value of microorganisms urealiticum or parvum exceeds the norm, then this indicates the progression of the inflammatory process and requires a course of treatment.

The effectiveness of treatment is increased by testing for sensitivity to certain antibiotics, which is designated by the abbreviation ACh. For this purpose, a special set of AC reagents in various configurations is used. During the study, AN determines the sensitivity of the bacteria ureaplasma urealyticum to 12 or more antibiotics. After receiving the test results, the doctor has a complete picture of the condition of the microorganisms and what treatment will be effective.

Often doctors prescribe a repeat test, since it is possible that the results were incorrect. This can happen due to human factor (laboratory technician error), or lack of preparation on the part of the patient. Also, re-testing is required in the following cases:

with incorrect and ineffective treatment;
with progression of inflammatory processes;
for monitoring purposes after a course of therapy;
with the development of a concomitant sexually transmitted infection.

If, according to the results of the study, the quantitative value of microorganisms is within the normal range, then treatment is prescribed according to the patient’s personal request. If surgical treatment or pregnancy is planned, then therapy is mandatory; this will require a mandatory antibiotic sensitivity test (AS). There are also additional methods for studying ureaplasmosis and these include: ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) - allows you to detect antibodies in the blood for ureaplasma; PCR (polysize chain reaction); RNIF and RPIF (indirect and direct immunofluorescence).

Treatment of ureaplasmosis

After receiving a positive result (a quantitative value above the norm) of the test for ureaplasma (urealyticum, parvum), ACh and PCR, all sexual partners of the patient are required to undergo a course of antibiotic treatment. Therapy consists of taking antibacterial drugs for two weeks. Antibiotics are prescribed only after receiving the results of the test for AC. At the same time, it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment with immunomodulators, local therapy (injections of medications into the urethra), physiotherapeutic procedures; if prostatitis develops in men, prostate massage is indicated.

During the course of treatment, the patient is required to avoid sexual intercourse and follow a diet. After completing the course of therapy, the test for ureaplasma (bacteria culture) is repeated. It is also advisable to take a PCR test. A control study is required to study the quantitative significance of microorganisms over time and determine the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. Repeated culture and PCR tests are carried out for another 3-4 months.

After completing the course of treatment, patients are prescribed vitamins B and C, lactobacterin and hepatoprotectors to improve the normal functioning of the liver.

Treatment of ureaplasmosis is effective only if integrated approach to it, therefore, along with taking medications, you need to follow a special diet. Your daily diet should include foods high in vitamins (fruits, vegetables, dairy products). It is necessary to exclude fried, spicy, salty foods. Smoked meats and foods high in fat are contraindicated. Drink at least two liters of water throughout the day. With a comprehensive and correct approach to treatment, recovery will come much faster.

Ureaplasmosis is a disease of the genitourinary system that causes discomfort in men and women. If you experience unpleasant sensations in the urinary and reproductive systems (pain, burning, discharge, cloudy urine, etc.), you need to consult a doctor, who, after examination, will prescribe the necessary tests. Usually doctors limit themselves to culture for ureaplasma and AC, PCR, and also prescribe a urine test to determine other bacteria in the urine. A doctor should interpret the results and determine the need for treatment; independent attempts can aggravate the condition.

25.10.2018

What is it Ureaplasma spp? Ureaplasma spp is an infectious disease caused by the microbe ureaplasma species. This microorganism has signs of a virus, mycoplasma and bacteria.

This is a pathogen that is present in small quantities in the body of a completely healthy person. During a period of decreased immunity, this microbe, which is located in the genitourinary system, begins to multiply and destroy organ cells. In extremely rare cases, ureaplasma species can be found in the lungs and kidneys.

The name “species” combines the microorganisms ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum. These organisms live on the mucous membrane of the human reproductive system and urinary canals, provoking the infectious disease ureaplasmosis if the immune system is not healthy.

Ureaplasma spp is a specific bacillus, which is a substance that passes from a virus to a bacterium, and Ureaplasma spp does not have a cell membrane.

Factors that contribute to infection with Ureaplasma spp

Factors under which a microorganism ureaplasma spp begins to multiply, causing destruction to the human body:

disturbances in the intestinal microflora;
decreased protective properties of the immune system;
decreased level of leukocytes in the blood;
chronic diseases of the urinary system and genital organs;
frequent use of antiseptics in the genital area;
imbalance of the vaginal mucosa;
antibiotic treatment;
taking hormonal medications;
trauma to the urinary canal and reproductive system;
regular stressful situations;
hypothermia of the body;
the period of pregnancy and the moment of childbirth.

Ureaplasma spp invades the cells of the genital organs and destroys them.

Symptoms of the disease caused by ureaplasma spp

The disease caused by ureaplasma spp is ureaplasmosis. Infections are caused by inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Symptoms in which you can determine the presence of ureaplasma spp infection in the body:

burning at the time of urination;
redness and swelling of the urethra;
the appearance of purulent or bloody particles in the urine;
discharge from the urethra of a mucous consistency, with an unpleasant putrefactive odor;
nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
discomfort during sexual intercourse;
failure of the menstrual cycle;
bloody discharge after sexual intercourse and between periods.

These signs are a manifestation of an acute form of ureaplasma disease. Due to the fact that this disease occurs in a silent form, many are simply unaware of its existence, and some symptoms that appear soon disappear.

If ureaplasmosis is insufficiently treated or not treated, this disease enters the chronic stage of development.

Ureaplasma spp: symptoms of the male body

In the strong half of humanity, the presence of the microbe ureaplasma spp in the body is manifested by symptoms of the disease ureaplasmosis. Signs of the disease in the form of inflammation of the prostate, affecting the bladder, urethra, and testicular pathology. The appearance of discharge from the canals of the genitourinary system, nagging pain in the scrotum. With this disease, potency and libido are significantly reduced. Ureaplasmosis can often cause male infertility.

The infection has the ability to attach to sperm and thereby make them immobile or inactive. This means that they do not fertilize the egg.

If a man has ureaplasma disease, conception is impossible. Erection is impaired and premature ejaculation occurs. An increase in temperature appears.

Men need to come to an appointment with a urologist, who will prescribe how to cure ureaplasma.

Ureaplasma spp: symptoms of the female body

Every woman needs to know what ureaplasmosis is and how ureaplasma spp manifests itself. Symptoms of ureaplasmosis in the female body:

vaginal discharge. The norm is transparent discharge, if discharge appears yellow and putrefactive odor, then this is the first signal that there is an inflammatory process in the body and there is an infection with ureaplasma spp;
pain in the lower abdomen is a signal that an infection has entered the uterus, and an inflammatory and destructive process has begun in it;
frequent urination and constant urge to urinate. The process of urination occurs with painful symptoms, most often, this is a burning sensation inside the entire canal and bloody or putrefactive threads appear in the urine;
unpleasant sensations and discomfort in the vagina during sexual intercourse and pain after it, bloody discharge;
erratic and painful menstrual cycle, bleeding during menstruation.

In women, the uterus, appendages and vagina are affected by these microbes.

This infection in the female body leads to infertility if the diagnosis is not made and comprehensive treatment of the disease is not carried out. The infection spreads from the urethra to the uterus if a woman has low immunity. The first symptoms of infection in the uterus are menstrual irregularities, bleeding between menstrual cycles, and purulent vaginal discharge.

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes leads to ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

If you feel signs of ureaplasmosis in your body, then you definitely need to be examined by a gynecologist and venereologist.

Ureaplasma spp: symptoms during pregnancy

Ureaplasma spp infection during pregnancy does not have any effect on the fetus, does not cause malformations of the developing organism in the womb, and does not infect the child. Until the moment of conception, many have no idea about the presence of Ureaplasma spp in the genitourinary system. The reason for this is the asymptomatic development of the disease.

If this infection is present in the body of a woman who is carrying a child, then in this case there may be complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriages and premature birth. Testing for ureaplasmosis is a mandatory test before pregnancy and during pregnancy.

If, during an examination during pregnancy, a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is made, then treatment begins at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Treatment earlier may cause more harm to the developing fetus than the infection itself.

If a woman gives birth to a child naturally, then when the child passes through the birth canal, he becomes infected with a disease that is in the mother’s body. As a consequence of infection with this disease, the child may develop urethritis and pneumonia, which is provoked by ureaplasma.

For pregnant women, the only medicine is the antibacterial drug Josamycin - 500 mg 3 times a day for 10 days.

Diagnosis of the presence of ureaplasma spp in the body

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to diagnose and be tested for Ureaplasma spp infection. External examination of the patient cannot guarantee the diagnosis. To identify what stage the inflammatory process is at, which could activate the proliferation of ureaplasma spp, it is necessary to conduct an examination and a number of laboratory tests:

serological studies;
microbiological tests;
genetic probe research;
analysis for the content of immunoenzymes;
PCR - diagnostic test,

Microscopic examination allows us to identify the inflammatory process in the reproductive system and determine the condition of the reproductive organs of the female body.

Also, for an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a bacterial culture. This analysis provides a complete picture of the presence of pathogenic microflora and its number in the body, as well as the reaction of these bacteria to antibiotics.

Based on the results of bacterial culture, it is possible to calculate the exact dose of medication for treatment and select the most suitable antibiotics for treatment.

The substance for this analysis is a scraping from the genitourinary canal in men and a smear of discharge from the urethra.

To carry out bacterial culture, the following is taken from the woman:

serum;
urine;
blood;
scraping from the urethra;
vaginal discharge.

Culture for Ureaplasma spp is carried out both to establish the correct diagnosis and to check whether the disease is curable after a two-week course of therapy.

Drug treatment of ureaplasma spp

Ureaplasmosis is a disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, ureaplasma spp, which means it is not safe for the body’s comfort and must be treated.

Treatment of ureaplasma spp in women and men must begin with correcting the immune system first. Without a healthy immune system, infectious diseases cannot be cured. In parallel with raising immunity, they also include a medicinal effect on the causative agent of the disease, ureaplasma spp. How to treat ureaplasma parvum and how to treat it is prescribed by a venereologist. Also, to treat the disease, consultation with a urologist (for sick men) and a gynecologist for women with ureaplasmosis is necessary.

The most effective medicines for treatment:

drugs based on tetracycline;
macrolides and lincosamides;
drugs with immunomodulatory properties;
hepatoprotectors, multivitamins and probiotics.

If necessary, the patient is prescribed extracts of medicinal herbs that increase immunity: echinacea, eleutherococcus, aralia.

Ureaplasmosis of the female and male body must be treated with drugs that have antibacterial properties. Tablets for ureaplasma spp are prescribed in courses. Treatment regimen:

Doxycycline - course 10 days, 100 mg 2 times a day after meals;
Josamycin - course 10 days, 500 mg 3 times a day after meals;
Erythromycin - 0.5 mg taken 4 times a day after meals.
Azithromycin is a 4-day course, on the first day you need to take 500 mg, and then 250 mg once a day after eating.

The following drugs are also used in treatment: Ofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin.

For women who are pregnant, only Josamycin can be taken.

Women who have ureaplasma spp in the genital area are prescribed douching and vaginal antiseptic tampons along with medicinal drugs.

Symptoms and treatment of ureaplasma disease are the same for both sexes. When ureaplasmosis is diagnosed, both sexual partners are treated.

Treatment regimen and selection of medications, prescribed only by the attending physician based on the diagnostic results.

During treatment for Ureaplasma SPP, sexual intercourse, smoking and drinking alcohol are prohibited, and it is also necessary to exclude spicy foods from your diet.

It is very important to maintain hygiene when treating this disease.