What literary works contain treason? Loyalty and devotion are arguments. The problem of fidelity and betrayal

Loyalty and betrayal - arguments

* Loyalty to a friend:

** Fyodor Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” (Dmitry Razumikhin supports his friend, Rodion Raskolnikov, no matter what)

** Vladimir Korolenko “In Bad Society” (Children from the dungeon: Valek and Marusya became friends with a boy from the “upper” class Vasya. The guys are so loyal to each other that they are ready not to betray under torture. Vasya even committed an unseemly act: he stole from his own home for sick Marusya a doll to brighten up the last days of her life)

* Cheating on a friend:

** Alexander Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” (Petr Grinev and Shvabrin. Once friendly heroes turn out to be enemies because of different views on such concepts as honor, loyalty, nobility. Shvabrin eventually betrays Grinev, and because of his love for the same the same girl, Masha Mironova, is doing everything possible to destroy Grinev, with whom he was once friends)

** Mikhail Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” (Grushnitsky, out of envy and jealousy, betrays Pechorin, since he turned out to be happier than him in love. Princess Mary Ligovskaya, who previously sympathized with Grushnitsky, who had his own plans for the girl, falls in love with Pechorin. generosity, Grushnitsky cannot forgive Pechorin for his defeat and decides to take a vile step - a dishonest duel. He slanderes Pechorin, accusing him of having a close relationship with Princess Mary, and during the duel he offers his former friend a pistol loaded with blank cartridges.)

** Haruki Murakami “The Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and the Years of His Wanderings” (“We don’t want to see you anymore” - and no explanation. His four best friends overnight cut him off from themselves - and from his old life. 16 years later, the already grown-up Tsukuru I’ll have to meet my friends again to find out what really happened. It turned out that Belaya accused him of rape and his friends believed it)

* Loyalty to the profession/your work:

** Boris Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man” (about the events that occurred in the life of the Soviet pilot Alexei Meresyev during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War. During the battle, the plane was shot down by the Germans. He escaped, but his toes were crushed. For eighteen days Meresyev made his way through the forest. At the hospital he underwent amputation. As a result of persistent training and enormous willpower, Alexei achieved the ability to fly as before. In incredibly difficult living conditions, he remained devoted to his chosen profession, his chosen business.)

** Andrei Platonov “The Sand Teacher” (Maria Nikifirovna Naryshkina chose the difficult profession of teacher. When she was assigned to the village of Khoshutovo, where sand “reigned” and there was no vegetation, she did not refuse. In this small settlement people were dying of hunger , there was poverty and devastation everywhere, but Maria did not give up, but decided to use her teaching gift for good: to teach residents to fight the sands. Thanks to her work, vegetation appeared in the village, and on.

More peasants began to come to lessons. After the work was done, she was sent to help the nomadic people. She could have refused, but, remembering the hopeless fate of this people, she decided to put public interests above her own. Through her actions and fortitude, she proved that loyalty to her profession is not limited to the walls of her office. Maria Nikiforovna became an excellent example of selfless professionalism, kindness and responsiveness and showed how difficult and important the path of a teacher is.)

* Loyalty to your loved one

** William Shakespeare “Romeo and Juliet” (children of militant clans meet each other against the orders of their parents. Juliet decides to pretend to be dead and avoid marrying another. Not knowing that his beloved is sleeping, Romeo takes poison. Waking up, Juliet sees the dead Romeo and kills himself with a dagger)

** Mikhail Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (Margarita loved her chosen one so much that she sold her soul to the devil. She was ready to look for him all over the world and beyond. She remained faithful to him, even when there was no hope of finding the Master.)

** Alexander Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” (Loyalty to love pushes a person to heroic deeds, but it can also be destructive. In A.I. Kuprin’s story “Garnet Bracelet” unrequited love becomes the meaning of life for the petty official Zheltkov, who remains faithful to his high feelings for a married woman , who will never be able to reciprocate his feelings. He does not defile his beloved with the demands of reciprocal feelings. Tormenting and suffering, he blesses Vera for a happy future, does not allow vulgarity and everyday life to penetrate the fragile world of love. In his fidelity there is a tragic doom.)

* Infidelity (betrayal) to a loved one

** Alexander Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” (the main character Katerina fell in love with Boris, cheating on her husband (Tikhon Kabanov), and then commits suicide)

** Nikolay Karamzin " Poor Lisa"(the rich nobleman Erast seduces Lisa, and then, having received what he wants, abandons her, leaving “for the army,” but then they meet 2 months later and he announces to her that he is engaged (he had to marry a rich widow, because he lost his fortune at cards). In the finale, the heroine commits suicide)

** Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace” (Natasha Rostova spiritually cheated on Andrei Bolkonsky with Anatoly Kuragin) / note: + reasons for betrayal + when betrayal is justified - Rostova, due to her age and inexperience, was unable to think about the consequences of her choice)

*True to your word

** Leonid Panteleev “My word of honor” (it is about a boy of seven or eight years old, who, during a game, the older boys entrusted to guard an imaginary gunpowder warehouse and took his word of honor that he would not leave his post. Having played and forgotten about the sentry, the boys fled long ago went home, but our hero stayed. It was already getting dark in the park when the narrator saw a little guard who never wanted to leave the post entrusted to him, because he was afraid to break his promise. And only the permission of the major, whom the narrator accidentally finds at a tram stop, frees him. the boy from his word and allows him to go home. The narrator says that he does not know either the name, surname, or parents of this boy.

but he knows one thing for sure: he will grow out of him real person With strong will and the consciousness of fidelity to the word.)

** Alexander Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (Tatiana Larina was the embodiment of moral strength and sincerity. Therefore, she rejected Onegin’s love and remained faithful to her marital vows, despite the fact that she loved him.)

*True to yourself

** Ivan Bunin “Dark Alleys” (the heroine managed to remain faithful in her soul to her first and only love in her life - to Nikolai. Years pass, Nadezhda becomes an independent woman standing firmly on her feet, but she remains lonely. Loyalty to her beloved warms the heroine’s heart, although upon meeting she accuses him, not forgiving him for betrayal.) /note: loyalty to one’s principles + loyalty to love + forgiveness of betrayal/

** Mikhail Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (The Master believed so much in what he was doing that he could not betray the work of his whole life. He could not leave it to be torn apart by envious critics. To save his work from misinterpretation and condemnation, he even destroyed it.)

* Loyalty/betrayal to the Motherland

** Alexander Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” (Peter Grinev is faithful to his duty and his state, despite the mortal danger when Shvabrin betrays his Motherland, the honor of an officer, his friends, saving his life) /note: + reasons for betrayal/

** Nikolai Gogol “Taras Bulba” (Taras’s youngest son, Andriy, fell in love with the lady and betrayed his homeland) / note: + unforgiveness of betrayal on the part of Taras)

** Mikhail Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” (The main character Andrei Sokolov showed patriotism, dedication and courage not only during military service, but also in captivity. The hero, being very hungry and tired, refuses to drink or eat in honor of the German victory. After all, Andrei is faithful to his Von duty to the end; he is not afraid of being shot for his refusal to the fascist. Andrey Sokolov is a man with a capital letter. It was precisely such people, devoted to the Motherland, who saved the country and protected it.)

There are many examples in the literature on the topic of relationships between men and women. Often mutual feelings arise between two opposites. How will this affect the soul of each of them? Or will love between them for one reason or another turn out to be impossible, how will they endure this test? What is unique to women? What about men? Let's try to figure it out together with the Many-Wise Litrekon. He gave you arguments on the topic “Love” for the final essay of 2019-2020. Also don't forget to consider for 2019-2020.

True love. To ensure the sincerity of a feeling, you need to analyze its manifestations. For example, the hero of the story “The Garnet Bracelet” wrote tender and heartfelt letters to his chosen one for seven years, but did not prevent her from building her life away from him. George saw the essence of love in adoration and care, but not in possession and violence. He accepted the choice of Vera, who chose to marry a man from her circle, as calm as herself. Zheltkov did not force himself on her, but only expressed his feelings and was content with the fact that she knew about them and, perhaps, thought about him. For the sake of the peace and happiness of his chosen one, the hero is ready to give everything he has, so he leaves this life. This selflessness and willingness to accept your loved one for who they are is evidence of true love.
Unrequited love. Georgy Zheltkov from the story by A.I. Kuprin's "Pomegranate Bracelet" experiences unrequited love for Princess Vera Sheina. The heroes are not destined to be together, because they live in different worlds. She, a representative of the aristocracy, is committed to tradition and would never choose a simple telegraph operator as her life partner. Zheltkov is poor and has no title, so his love letters are perceived as a joke or even an insult. Despite the neglect, Georgy loves Vera and no longer expects reciprocity. He is content with a platonic relationship with her, conveying affection and delight through letters. He does not need anything in return, he is ready to put up with irresponsibility further, just to be able to at least talk about his emotions. This is unrequited love - a feeling that does not require an answer.
All arguments from Kuprin’s work can be found in.

"Lady with a Dog"

Love changes people. In the story by A.P. Chekhov's "Lady with a Dog" tells the story of a meeting between two spiritually lonely people who have not known true happiness. Dmitry Dmitrievich Gurov is a seemingly morally developed person. He does not love his wife, he is cynical towards women, but he is often surrounded by them. Cheating on his wife is a common thing for him. It is noteworthy that it is his feelings and their change that are central to the story. At a resort in Yalta, he meets Anna Sergeevna. They begin an affair, but gradually it turns out that it is not based on ardent passion, but on a real spiritual relationship, the kind that should exist between a husband and wife. These relationships influence Gurov. At first he treats them as an ordinary holiday romance, but upon returning to Moscow, he realizes that Anna Sergeevna is a dear person to him. When he found love, he realized how vulgar and petty a life he was distracting himself from the main thing - from loneliness. Gurov regained his sight and saw in the people around him the insignificance and dullness of the identical days that he had lost.
Love is both suffering and pleasure. For Anna, this relationship initially had great value. She doesn't love her husband, but she has never cheated on him. Anna is a different person; for her, betrayal is a sin. She perceives her action as a moral failure, and yet feels that she cannot do otherwise. Anna loves Gurov. Their meetings are hard for her, and life without love is hard for her. For her, this feeling is both suffering and pleasure, because in her romance with Gurov she suffers from a reproach of conscience, but rejoices at a new, more meaningful and full life. Both heroes understand that they missed something important, and only found it now when they met.

"The Captain's Daughter"

An example of a good relationship that has withstood the trials of fate, the reader will find in the novel-story “The Captain's Daughter”. Masha Mironova - it was in honor of her that Pushkin named his work - a meek heroine with a kind disposition and a bright soul. At the beginning of the story, she appears before us as a girl whom we want to protect. However, it is thanks to her that Pyotr Grinev gains freedom. Despite all the difficulties that befell her (the death of her parents, the uprising, Shvabrin’s attacks), Masha manages to retain the capacity for love. When the heroine learns about Peter's arrest, she rushes to the rescue and reaches the empress herself. With her intercession she is not afraid to incur shame or disfavor. She is not Grinev’s wife or even fiancée, but asks for him in front of Catherine the Second and exposes herself to attack. Marya's brave act justified itself, and she saved Peter. Sometimes it is love that requires much more strength from us than anger and hatred.
Love makes people better. Peter matures as the story progresses. If he leaves his home as a carefree, flighty man who dreams of an easy service in St. Petersburg, then at the end of the story we see a serious and noble young man, capable of protecting his loved ones. It is his love for Masha that makes him a brave person. For her sake, he does the most daring things: challenges an experienced and strong opponent to a duel, fights bravely to defend the fortress, returns to the enemy’s lair to save his beloved. All these steps help the hero reveal his inner potential and become more self-confident. He loves and learns to take responsibility for his love, this is precisely the feeling that he lacked in his parents’ house. Seeing the transformed brave son, the parents agree to marry the dowryless woman, because it was this first and ardent love that made Peter a real man.

"War and Peace"

Love makes a person different. In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” describes the relationship between the main character, Natasha Rostova, and her husband Pierre Bezukhov. This is an unusual union, and many readers have a wide variety of feelings about it: from joy to disappointment. After the trials she endured, a difficult breakup with Andrei Bolkonsky, his death, she receives an unexpected confession from Pierre, and subsequently marries him. Undoubtedly, she was able to appreciate his qualities. He was a friend of Bolkonsky, he is a noble man, but does she love Pierre? It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously. At the beginning of the novel we see an ardent girl with a burning heart, at the end - a woman whose main function is to raise and educate children. It is unlikely that Natasha has lost the remaining qualities of her personality, but now they are less in demand, and therefore in the shadows. It seems that if their fate with Bolkonsky had worked out happily, the reader would have found a completely different Natasha on the pages of the novel. However, this does not mean that she is unhappy with Pierre. It’s just that in this union other traits of her personality appeared.
Happiness in marriage. Pierre Bezukhov is undoubtedly a kind and honest person, he is characterized by some naivety: Helen Kuragina easily deceives him, making their marriage unhappy. Tired of disappointment, having been tested by the war, as a person completely unprepared for it, he finally finds personal family happiness. Pierre can also be classified as a searching hero, trying to come to the truth, a common denominator. He finds it in family harmony alone with those who are truly dear to him. He is honest, kind and noble, so a reliable and faithful marriage with Rostova makes him happy. This is his reward for his previous misfortune.
Loyalty and betrayal in love. Natasha Rostova is a girl with an inquisitive, lively mind, but she is characterized by some impulsiveness in her actions. She is kind and able to sympathize with people, but at the same time, out of ignorance and inexperience, she can harm them. So, while waiting for the wedding, Rostova became interested in another man and almost ran away from home with him. Anatole Kuragin deceived her and wanted to take advantage of her innocence, although he himself was already married. This escape upset the engagement and deeply insulted Andrei Bolkonsky. But it is difficult to condemn her for her act with Anatoly Kuragin: she was too young and therefore believed him. Probably, if Bolkonsky, at the behest of his father, had not postponed the wedding for a year, this would not have happened. After all, Natasha loved Bolkonsky and was waiting for him. The reader sees the strength of her feelings in the episode when Natasha takes care of the wounded Bolkonsky and feels guilty before him. She repents of her mistake and even wants to resume the relationship if the prince recovers. So, in love you shouldn’t make hasty conclusions: perhaps an attempt to change is just a slight obsession that can be understood and forgiven.

"Hero of Our Time"

Does love always make a person happy?. In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” Grigory Pechorin is a person disappointed in life, often bringing pain and disappointment to others. Pechorin is tired of everything, he doesn’t see the meaning in anything, and treats life like a memorized book - everyone knows what will happen in the end. And sometimes it seems that he is bringing this finale closer. Pechorin has success with women, but it also brings him only short-term pleasure. Most often, at the end of any relationship, Gregory experiences disappointment and brings pain to others. But Pechorin is by no means a villain; one can only sympathize with him, like Onegin. After all, the pain that he inflicts on others also hurts him: it is the awareness that he has made someone unhappy that makes Pechorin believe in the depravity of his own nature. And if you consider yourself evil, then doing evil is natural for you. When you cause pain repeatedly, you stop being surprised by it, it becomes a normal state for you.
Unrequited love. One of the girls described in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” was Bela. Seeing her, Pechorin wanted to gain the affection of the beautiful Circassian woman. Bela, an unapproachable, unusually beautiful girl, did not react to Pechorin’s gifts for a long time and ignored all his attempts to establish contact. She was brought up according to completely different laws, in a different culture, and this also captivated Gregory. He even learned the Tatar language in order to communicate with her. Gradually Bela fell in love with Pechorin. She fell in love exactly as much as she was unapproachable. She became very attached to Gregory. Their happiness lasted only four months. After this, Pechorin got tired of such affection. And he no longer needed Bela. It was hard to look at the girl wounded and crushed by love, and Maxim Maksimych felt very sorry for her. The heroine was painfully worried about her uselessness and, it seems, was even glad of death as a deliverance.

"Spring Waters"

First love is the strongest. I. A. Turgenev’s story “Spring Waters” is built in the form of memories of a Russian landowner who turns to his past for an image dear to him - the image of his first love - the beautiful Italian girl Gemma. Dmitry Pavlovich Sanin, as a young man, traveled abroad and found his love on this journey. Dmitry helps the girl revive her younger brother, who has lost consciousness. He easily connects with him and Gemma's mother. Sanin is a person capable of protecting and capable of sincere love. But he does not have a moral core, he does not have the willpower to cope with circumstances and defend his love. He leaves to organize things before the wedding and sell the estate. So he meets a beautiful Russian rich woman - Marya Nikolaevna. She knows about her power over men, and for fun she decides to get Sanin in any way. She succeeds. Sanin struggles with himself, but his attempts are in vain. He follows Marya Nikolaevna to Paris and loses his true love, Gemma. He regrets this action all his life.
Love is like a game. The image of Marya Nikolaevna, who acted as the fatal circumstances that broke Sanin, is the image of a beautiful but cold woman. She doesn’t care about other people’s feelings; she looks at Sanin as prey: pathetic and easy. It’s even more interesting for her if the game conditions become more complicated. At the same time, she does not evaluate her actions from a moral point of view, probably believing that this is not necessary. She does not have the task of looking for the true reasons for her own and other people’s actions. In Paris, she leaves Sanin, losing all interest in him. The game is over, which means the meaning of communicating with him is lost.

"Eugene Onegin"

Unrequited love. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" describes love without reciprocity, which made both heroes unhappy. The main character lived in the village and devoted most of her leisure time to French novels. It is quite clear that Tatiana’s heart was developed beyond her years and was waiting for love, but not ordinary, but beautiful, as on the pages of her favorite books. As if on purpose, Byron’s hero, Eugene Onegin, appeared in the village. He was withdrawn, indifferent to everything, mocking, intelligent, and his face expressed suffering, as if he had experienced a lot. Tatyana immediately fell in love and even compromised herself with a letter to her lover. Evgeniy was not ready for family life and spoke directly about this young girl, not wanting to deceive her. Tatyana accepted his refusal, but her heart never let go of Evgeniy. Even when she got married, love still lived in her heart. Then Evgeny had to face refusal, because Tatiana’s marriage separated loving people forever.
Fake love. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" describes an example of false love, when one person is deceived in the feelings of another. So, Vladimir fell madly in love with Olga. He dedicated poems to her and dreamed of family life. Their wedding had already been scheduled, because the young lady was flattered by such signs of attention. Olga, in her own way, was carried away by the poet, but was a flighty and frivolous girl, so she could not respond to Lensky with the same deep feeling. Her temper is revealed on Tatiana's name day, when Onegin, wanting to annoy his friend, begins to court Olga. The young lady immediately began to flirt and make advances towards Evgeniy. She forgot about her groom, and at that time he suffered disproportionately. It was her fault that he died in the prime of his life in a duel, and Olga herself did not grieve for long and soon married an officer.

Concepts such as “loyalty” and “treason” have always been the object of attention of writers and have been placed at the center of the plots of works of world literature in general.

The story of Gabriel Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear" is called the "hymn of fidelity." It reveals the theme of a dog's devotion to a person. While still a puppy, Bim was given to a new owner - writer Ivan Ivanovich. The man became very attached to the dog. The harmony was disrupted by the arrival of people in white coats. The owner was taken to the hospital. The dog stays with a neighbor, and one day, after waiting for the moment, he runs away in search of his owner.

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Along the way, he meets different people, even experiencing cruelty towards himself. In the end he returns to his native yard. But then he is caught and taken to a shelter. Almost simultaneously, the writer leaves the hospital. Having learned about everything, he comes to the shelter, but Bim is already dead.

In another form, in the form of loyalty to a loved one, this concept appears in “The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov. Margarita was faithful to the end not only to love, but also to the creation of her Master. For the sake of this feeling, she even sold her soul to the devil, and it was thanks to her that Woland returned the novel burned by the Master.

The opposite theme is the theme of betrayal, which was raised by Nikolai Gogol in the story “Taras Bulba”. Taras's youngest son, Andriy, goes over to the side of his enemies because of his love for a beautiful Polish woman. The father does not forgive betrayal of the Motherland, family, comrades and kills his son.

An example of betrayal can also be found in Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina. The main character Anna cheats on her husband with Vronsky. But this betrayal is not in vain for her, she does not repent of what she did. The result is Anna's suicide.

Updated: 2017-09-08

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Arguments for the direction “Loyalty and Treason” for the final essay. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Treason.
-Natasha Rostova could not remain faithful to Andrei Bolkonsky. She spiritually cheated on him with Anatoly Kuragin, even wanted to run away with him.
She was pushed to betray her by 2 reasons: lack of worldly wisdom, inexperience, and also uncertainty about Andrei and her future with him. When leaving Natasha, Andrei did not clarify personal matters with her, did not give her confidence in her position. Anatol Kuragin, taking advantage of Natasha’s inexperience, seduced her. Rostova, due to her age, was unable to think about the consequences of her choice; only chance saved her from shame.

Helen Kuragina in the novel is presented as a person with a lack of moral principles. That’s why the concept of fidelity is alien to her. In life, she is guided only by profit, she makes all decisions to serve her own interests, the feelings of other people mean nothing to her. When she married Pierre, she did not realize that she could hurt him, and thought only about material gain. Helene did not love Pierre and did not want children from him. Therefore, the marriage was doomed to death. Her numerous infidelities left no chance for their union. As a result, Pierre suggested breaking up with her because he could no longer tolerate the shame.

Loyalty to the Motherland.
- Kutuzov is presented in the novel War and Peace as a man loyal to his Fatherland. He deliberately makes unpopular decisions to save his country from destruction.
- Most of the heroes of the novel sacrifice their lives for the sake of victory in the war.

Loyalty to parents and one's principles.
- Marya Bolkonskaya devoted her entire life to serving her loved ones, in particular her father. She endured reproaches addressed to her and steadfastly endured her father’s rudeness. When the enemy army was advancing, she did not leave her sick father, she did not betray herself. She put the interests of her loved ones higher than her own.
- Marya was a deeply religious person. Neither the hardships of fate nor disappointment could extinguish the fire of faith in her.

Loyalty to your moral principles.
-The Rostov family showed that even in the most difficult times you can maintain dignity. Even when the country was in chaos, the members of this family remained true to their moral principles. They helped the soldiers by hosting them at home. The hardships of life did not affect their characters.

WAR AND PEACE ANALYSIS
WAR AND PEACE SUMMARY

THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS

1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.

THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS

1. An example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of Charlotte Brontë's novel of the same name. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.

2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev the most important life principle was honor. Even in the face of danger death penalty Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.

2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is an honest and brave person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.

THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.

2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A.’s novel. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.

THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long path to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.

THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD

1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.

2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character abandons social life and devotes herself entirely to her family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.

THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH

1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there is no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.

THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness in adulthood.

2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.

THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR

1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.

2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. Further fate soldier's life turned out differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.

THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE

1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goal.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL

1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.

2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.

THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE

1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not distinguished by a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.

2. In Victor Hugo's novel Notre-Dame de Paris, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unattractive, but behind it hides a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR

1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve “great Germany.” His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experienced during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no way back.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY

1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul and helps to reveal creative potential.

2. Love for his native land is the main motive of the work of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. He painted a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. Life ordinary people, the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left its mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life path of Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played a role important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE

1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.

2. From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.

THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY

1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky's "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.

2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family are forced to give up their collie to other people because financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.

THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART

1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, through his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.

2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.

THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS

1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago - witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.

2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing heavy lifting for many years. physical labor. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this has become main theme his creativity. Thus, life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON

1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has experienced. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance and find the meaning of her future life.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”

THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE

1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna’s love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE

1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.

THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience

1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and resorts to the most dishonorable acts in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.

2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.

THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE

1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Station Warden" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.

2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment of her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.

THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY

1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the site of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.

THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON

1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.

THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

1. A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.

THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD

1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova “Oblomov” Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested real life, she makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.

THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old pawnbroker. The investigator is a keen expert on human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.

2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE

1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.

2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken in his heart feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.

2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, their love for the Don and the steppes.

THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION

1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on popular culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because TV distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE

1. A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.

2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY

1. A.S. Pushkin in his poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls the “stupid rabble” that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the poet’s main goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.

THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS

1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.

2. In Antoine de Saint-Exupery's fairy tale “The Little Prince,” the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS

1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life’s difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.

2. The story “The Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and took the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.

THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII

1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, just like men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.

2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.

THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.

2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.

2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.