Typical grammatical errors in Russian. Grammar errors: how to avoid? Simple rules

Adjective

• IN compound predicate You cannot use the full and short forms of an adjective at the same time. Error example: Hero's life path heavy and tragic. vm. Hero's life path heavy and tragic.
• Dependent words can only be in the short form of the adjective: Plot of the story interesting (NOT interesting !) V about many relationships.
• You cannot combine comparative and superlative forms, as well as simple and compound forms of both degrees of comparison. Error example: This work worse vm. This work even worse. The most capable student vm. Most capable student.
• Forms on -enen V modern language are rarely used, forms on -en: His contribution to the work was significant (NOT significant !).

Numeral

• When declension of compound cardinal numerals, all words included in their composition must change: The circumference of the lake was about four hundred sixty five (NOT four hundred sixty five !) meters.; when declension of compound ordinal numbers changes only last word: This event took place at the beginning one thousand eight hundred four (NOT one thousand eight hundred and four !) year.
• Collective numbers ( two, three) and so on. should not be used with nouns denoting animals or female persons. Examples of errors: two chess players vm. two chess players, three hares vm. three hare
• It is unacceptable to use the form both with feminine nouns (collective numeral both has two forms: for the masculine and neuter gender - both, for women - both): V both (NOT V both !) apartments, both (NOT both !) friends.

Pronoun

• Erroneous formation of pronoun forms: theirs child vm. their child, about his vm. near him.
• Combinations for her, from her have an archaic or vernacular character. Examples of errors: For her no name vm. For her no name.
• 3rd person pronouns usually point to the nearest noun. If this rule is not followed, ambiguity arises.
  Wrong:When Nilovna carried proclamations from speech Pavel, her (whom – Nilovna or Pavel’s speech?) seized by the police.
  Right:Police captured Nilovna, When she carried proclamations with Paul’s speech.

  Wrong:Meeting Chatsky With Famusov didn't bring it to him (to whom – Chatsky or Famusov?) nothing good.
  Right:Chatsky’s meeting with Famusov did not bring anything good to Alexander Alexandrovich.
  

• Cannot be replaced by a 3rd person personal pronoun plural nouns having a collective meaning ( students, peasantry, people etc.).
  Wrong: bureaucracy. Among them
  Right:The comedy exposes the provincial bureaucracy. Among him Bribery, lawlessness, and theft flourish.
• Pronouns mine And myself indicate those persons who perform the action. If we forget about this, ambiguity arises:
  Wrong:Turgenev leads hero to gradual awareness their (whose – Turgenev or the hero?) errors.
  Right:Turgenev leads hero to a gradual awareness of the committed them errors.

  Wrong: Each of the landowners persuades Pavel Ivanovich go to to yourself. (to whom - to the landowner or to himself?)
  Right:Each of the landowners suggests that Pavel Ivanovich come to him.

Verb

• Erroneous education verb forms: lays down vm. puts, rides vm. drives.
• For verbs convince, win, feel, find out and some others do not use 1st person forms singular. Instead, you can use constructions with the indefinite form of these verbs: I can feel (and NOT I will feel), I hope win (and NOT I'll run),I have to convince(and NOT I'll run away).
• Suffix is ​​not allowed -yvova- (-ivova-) instead of -ova(-iva): results summary willow lis(and NOT sum up Ivova lis)
• When using reflexive verbs, inaccuracies are possible due to the failure to distinguish between the actual reflexive and passive voices of such verbs: delayed in the classrooms(Are they detained or the listeners themselves remain?). Resolving ambiguity: After lectures, students often detain in the classrooms or After lectures, students often remain in the classrooms.
• Discrepancies in tense forms and types of verbs should not be allowed.
  Wrong:A sensitive artist, he responds noted
  Right:A sensitive artist, he responds (responded) to events in the surrounding life and notes (noted) phenomena that are just emerging in it.

Communion

• Simultaneous use of suffixes is not allowed -ova- And -eat- (-im-): research ovaem th process vm. I'll explore I eat th process.
• You can't omit a particle -xia in participles formed from reflexive verbs: At the center of the story is a representative emerging (NOT nascent !) bourgeois class.
• It is unacceptable for the participle to be inconsistent in time with the predicate verb or with the surrounding vocabulary: At the meeting were representatives of all districts, with the exception of two delegates, absent (NOT absent !) for good reasons. The novel reveals the depth of social inequality, dominant (NOT dominant !) at that time in Russia.
• The participial phrase must not include a modifiable noun. Error example: edited manuscript editor vm. edited by editor manuscript or manuscript, edited by editor.
• The participial phrase usually adjoins the defined noun directly (in front or behind). They should not be spread apart.
  Wrong:mountain range stretches from east to west , consisting of many ridges.
  Right:A mountain range consisting of many ridges stretches from east to west. Or: A mountain range consisting of many ridges stretches from east to west.

Participle

• The predicate verb and the gerund should not denote the actions of different persons or objects.
  Wrong:Expressing in songs, fairy tales, epics, the people dream of a happy life were created
  Right:Expressing in songs, fairy tales, epics the dream of a happy life, people created works of great depth and power.
• The use of gerunds within one sentence is unacceptable different types and time.
  Wrong:Reading article and noting
  Right: Reading article and noting the necessary material, I always make extracts.(or After reading article and noting… )
• It is unacceptable to use gerunds in a passive construction.
  Wrong:In the picture depicted boy, wide placing legs and resting on hands on knees.
  Right:In the picture depicted boy, wide placed legs and stubborn hands on knees.

Types of grammatical errors

1.

• Prepositions according to, contrary to, thanks to, contrary to used with D. p. (not R. p.)

ERROR: according to schedule I , contrary to the order A

• Misuse case form noun with preposition

• Remember the mistakes

Upon arrival, upon departure, upon departure

Upon completion, upon return, upon completion

NORMAL: upon arrival, upon arrival

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• The preposition software can be used from places. 1 and 2 l. in pp.

NORMA: I miss us, you.

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• Omitting a preposition.

On water, land and air- we are everywhere

protected. (in the air)

• The meaning of the preposition.

Thanks to We stayed at home due to bad weather.

(as a result, due to)

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• Management can be prepositional (belief in victory) and non-prepositional (slow down progress).

An error occurs when an incorrect choice is made

case or preposition.

ERROR: peculiar to us,

confidence in victory, the problem of security.

• 2.

• Errors in sentences, the subordinate part of which begins with the conjunction words WHO, NOBODY.

WHO AND NOBODY is used with singular verbs.

Those, who have been to the city, could not help but admire

Those who has been to the city, couldn't help but admire

by sea.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate must be in the plural if it is expressed by adj. or par.

ERROR: A number of scenes in the play are true and

interesting.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate must be plural if the subject contains 2,3,4

ERROR: Three books are on the table.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate coming after homogeneous subjects must be in the plural.

ERROR: Industry and agriculture is developing steadily.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• If collected noun. does not have controlled words, then the predicate must be in the singular.

• 3. Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

• The names of works, paintings, films, enclosed in quotation marks, do not change if there is a noun next to them. – genre designation.

ERROR: In the movie "War and Peace"

S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

• If adverbial noun is missing, the proper name is changed.

ERROR: In “War and Peace” S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• 4.

• If homogeneous predicates have one dependent word, you need to check whether they can control it.

ERROR: During the war, people hoped and

believed in victory.

(hoped to win)

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Violation of the homogeneity of concepts.

The mountainside we were descending, covered with thick ferns, was very steep.

He remembered the taiga and how he hunted a bear.

I love football and swimming.

His conclusions are simple and clear.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Double conjunctions cannot be changed.

ERROR: They answered well as young men, but

also girls.

• It is necessary to check the place of homogeneous members in double unions.

ERROR: I not only read newspapers, but also magazines.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• You cannot mix generic and specific concepts or combine incompatible ones.

There were crucian carp, carp and fish in the boat.

He came with his wife and a bad mood.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Violation of case forms of a generalizing word and one-word terms

ERROR: The meeting was attended by representatives of three countries: England, France, Italy.

• 5.

• A gerund phrase cannot be used if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons.

ERROR: Using a calculator, the calculation is done quickly.

• Incorrect construction of sentences with participles

• The adverbial phrase cannot be used in an impersonal sentence

ERROR: Walking in the evening, I didn’t feel well.

• Incorrect construction of sentences with participles

• The adverbial phrase cannot be used in a sentence with a passive construction.

ERROR: After delivering the necessary medications, the plane will be inspected by technicians.

• Incorrect construction of sentences with participles

• Error when the aspectual form of the verb and the gerund are not correlated.

ERROR: Meeting with the grandmaster, the young chess player won.

• 6.

• Breakup of the proverb by the defined word.

ERROR: Mom's pancakes were delicious.

• Violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

• Violation of agreement with a defined word.

ERROR: We are proud of the players who defeated the English team.

• Violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

• Replacing passive participles with active ones.

ERROR: The task we are performing does not cause any difficulties.

• You cannot use 1st and 2nd person pronouns in the subordinate clause.
• ERROR: The student said I'm not ready yet.

• Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

• Redundancy of unions

ERROR: He was constantly asked if he would complete the work he started.

He asked where his things were.

• In the story “The Jumper,” Chekhov condemns idleness.
• He loved and was passionate about reading.
• Great care needs to be taken towards children.
• My desk neighbor asked who would go to football with me.
• came to our city and admired its provincial simplicity.
• The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered with snow.
• Having rested a little, the work began to be completed faster.

Check yourself I

1. In the story “The Jumper,” Chekhov condemns idleness.

violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

2. He loved and was passionate about reading.

error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

3. Great care must be taken towards children.

incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

4. My desk neighbor asked who would go to football with me.

incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

5. Whoever came to our city admired its provincial simplicity.

disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

6. The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered with snow.

violation in the construction of sentences with a participial phrase

7. Having rested a little, the work began to be completed faster.

violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

Grammar errors Even literate people do it. It is not difficult to notice that some rules of Russian do not cause difficulties, while others regularly trip up the majority. It's not so much that these rules are complicated. Rather, they are simply inconvenient, and some have so many exceptions and peculiarities of application that their presentation takes up an entire page - it seems that it is impossible to learn them without being an academician.

Let's consider the most typical mistakes in the Russian language, committed not by schoolchildren, but by fairly literate people.

What is considered a grammatical error?

A grammatical error is a violation of a generally accepted established norm. Grammar refers to any errors related to word formation (for example, the wrong suffix is ​​used), morphology (for example, incorrect declension of a verb), syntax (for example, inconsistent with the main sentence

It is necessary to distinguish grammatical errors from spelling or speech errors.

The most common mistakes are related to punctuation:

1. Many people are used to highlighting “however” with commas and are very surprised when Word underlines the comma after it as an error. More attentive people will notice that a comma after “however” is considered an error only when it appears at the beginning of a sentence. Indeed, if the meaning of this word is similar to “still”, “nevertheless”, and it is in the middle of a sentence, then it is considered introductory and must be separated by commas. If it means “but”, as, for example, in the sentence “However, she did not understand him” (= “But she did not understand him”), then there is no need to put a comma.

2. There is often confusion with the dash and colon signs. Many, faced with a missing conjunction, intuitively understand that they need to use a more “solid” sign than a comma. But which one exactly? The rule is actually quite simple. You need to choose the most suitable words to replace the missing conjunction.

If words such as “what”, “namely” are suitable in meaning, then you need to put a colon. A colon is also placed if the first sentence ends with words denoting perception and suggesting that they will be followed by a description. These can be words: see, understand, feel, etc.

I remember (that): it was evening, a quiet pipe was playing.

He was a complex person (namely): hot-tempered, bilious, gloomy.

I recognized him immediately: (because) he was wearing one yellow shoe.

I see: a barge is floating, on it is a barefoot boy, tanned, unfamiliar, but sparkling with a smile and the very next second he waves his hand at me.

If you can insert words such as “a”, “but”, “and”, “as if”, “it”, “therefore”, “as if”, then you need to use a dash.

He took a wide step - his pants tore.

Across the sea, the heifer (this) is half a piece, and carries a ruble.

The wind blew - (therefore) the old forest groaned and creaked.

A dash is also used when the words “if” or “when” can be added at the beginning of a sentence.

(When) I thought about Grisha - he was right there.

(If) I get a fee, we’ll go to sea!

Grammatical errors related to morphology

Difficulties arise with the “nn” in suffixes (although everyone remembers glass, tin, and wood); it is especially difficult to deal with the double “n” in adverbs. And also many people are confused by the use of particles not/nor. Quite a few educated people, unbeknownst to themselves, make mistakes in management. Which is correct, “control for” or “control over”? Confusion between the two is another popular grammatical error. Example:

• quality control;
• control over the execution of orders;
• water level control.

Which option is correct? All. This or that type of control in this case is selected depending on the characteristics of the subsequent word. For example, “control over” is used before verbal nouns (perform - execution). There are other subtleties.

This article does not cover all common grammatical errors. It is quite possible to learn not to commit them by studying the rules. We hope that we were able to demonstrate that learning the secrets of one’s native language is a fascinating thing, and sometimes a superficial acquaintance with a rule is enough to realize all its logic and expediency. We also hope that you noticed the use of the rules described above in the article itself, and not just under the headings “examples”.

Grammatical errors occur when the rules of the Russian language are not followed, which sometimes gives speech an unflattering sound. We cannot always convey a beautifully presented idea to our interlocutor if we allow such inaccuracies in oral and written speech. By remembering the rules in speech patterns, you can avoid the occurrence of grammatical errors in order to speak or write beautifully, elegantly and expressively. A grammatical error is the weakest point in completing tasks in the Russian language, so in this article we will look at them in more detail.

A little theory

Grammatical errors are errors in the structures of linguistic units, in the structures of words, phrases, and sentences. These also include violations of one or another grammatical norms: morphological, word-formation or syntactic. Below you can take a closer look at the table, which shows options for such a violation as a grammatical error. Study the examples of incorrect use of words and their combinations carefully. Try to remember simple rules that will be useful in later life when constructing beautiful dialogues.

Grammar errors

Studying the grammatical rules of the language and cases of their violation will allow you to make your speech more accurate and expressive. Your cultural level as a native speaker will increase. Indeed, beautiful, pure speech, in compliance with all the rules and norms of the literary language, is distinguished by logic, richness, purity and euphony. Believe me, in conversation and writing, grammatical errors (and any others) do not look very dignified, so remember the simple rules and try to speak and write beautifully!