How to learn to deliver a speech correctly. Competent speech: how to make your speech beautiful

Competent oral speech will greatly help you in life when speaking in public or in personal conversation, when finding a job and defending your diploma. Poor vocabulary and difficulties in coherently expressing thoughts, on the contrary, can do a disservice.

Any skill, like the skill of competent conversation, can be acquired. Reading quality literature helps with this. You should not rely on reading material consisting of one-day books. Their authors, at times, themselves suffer from illiteracy. You should focus on reading the classics, on the works of the world's best authors.

Retelling books or films that have sunk into the soul helps to acquire speech literacy. Try to make the retelling detailed and watch those listening to you so that they do not get bored. If this suddenly happened, it means you failed to convey to them your impressions of the film. Perhaps the listener is confused by the personal pronouns with which you are trying to make a point. He no longer understands who “he” or “she” is and why there are so many of them.

Extra words that clog speech need to be removed from use. They don't make any sense and don't carry any meaning. useful information. Examples of such words and expressions are the tautology: “minute of time”, “raise up”, “not the month of May”. After all, May cannot be an hour or a year, so why use the extra word “month” next to it?

Tautology is an unnecessary repetition of words that are close in meaning or have the same root. Vivid examples of tautology: “ask a question” and “oil”. Try not to use such expressions. Watch the speech of TV presenters, politicians or your closest friends. Analyze their mistakes, try to find a replacement for their unsuccessful turns. Then it will become easier for you to catch speech incidents in your conversation.

Try to avoid words whose meaning is unclear to you. Otherwise, you will be like Shchukar, who believed that a modest girl is called a “lampshade,” and a girl of easy virtue is called a “curb.” Excellent for enriching the vocabulary of foreign words and explanatory dictionary Russian language. But don't forget about the correct stress in words!

Slang, both professional and youth, is not always appropriate. If it is acceptable at work or among friends, then it is hardly worth using in official conversations.

Constantly monitor your speech, and then it will gradually become beautiful and competent.

How nice it is to listen to a person whose speech is competent and interesting at the same time. Unfortunately, there are very few such people. Most often, the vast majority are tongue-tied, cannot construct both grammatically and stylistically, and use a poor vocabulary. And if such people also have to speak in front of the public, then the latter is worthy of regret.

Components of beautiful speech

Speech technique is a combination of several components, knowing which you can gradually learn. It includes several factors. And the main one among them is diction. Speech technique would be impossible without clear pronunciation of sounds - vowels and especially consonants. It seems that speaking clearly and clearly is easy. In reality, things are exactly the opposite, and learning diction can take a lot of time.

In addition, it is very important to be able to speak convincingly and emotionally. This is how you can control and influence your audience. Expressive, lively speech can captivate people so much that they agree with all the arguments of the speaker, without wanting to.

And one more thing. It's important to know what to say. Speech technique hides many nuances that simply need to be taken into account and kept in mind constantly.

Maybe see a speech therapist?

It may very well be that you will have to remember such a specialist, despite the fact that you have already passed the age when he is so necessary. Some people have a real mess in their mouth, and some sounds are pronounced completely wrong.

Sometimes just understanding what you are doing wrong is enough to start speaking correctly. But it often happens that it is very difficult to correct the situation, so you shouldn’t even start. History knows many examples of famous speakers who had unproduced sounds, but this did not stop them from winning over the audience.

Are we going to Russian language class?

And one more nuance. Almost each of us speaks very quickly, “eating” many words and endings. In everyday life this is normal, because dialogue reigns here - if you didn’t hear, you can ask again. Although, of course, you need to strive to be clean and beautiful. Well, even more so on the podium! After all, here one side is already listening, and sometimes it’s very difficult to figure out what the speaker wanted to say. What are we really seeing?

Correct breathing

Breathing tends to cause a lot of confusion among people. We all breathe and cannot exist without it. What's so complicated about this? However, there are difficulties, and considerable ones. The speaker is like a singer or a musician who plays a wind instrument, who simply needs the correct breathing. It is this that will help maintain the clarity of the narration, the correct intonation, and will not allow the voice to break in the wrong place.

There are several, namely: thoracic, in which the shoulders rise upward, abdominal and diaphragmatic. As a rule, women breathe from the chest, unlike men. Perhaps this is why there are fewer good speakers among the fair half of humanity. After all, this art requires diaphragmatic breathing, that is, one in which the diaphragm works.

To set it up, you need to perform simple exercises, but it is important to do it regularly. After a short period of constant and persistent training, which in its load is no different from physical exercise, you will notice that you will breathe completely differently.

How to train breathing?

Correct speech technique includes daily exercises to develop and optimize the respiratory system. We always speak while exhaling, and it is especially important that it be long, but not lead us to exhaustion. Unlike exhalation, inhalation should be vigorous and short. Otherwise there would be long, awkward pauses between words. Although in themselves they are also simply necessary for beautiful speech However, these intervals should not be too long. That is why it is necessary to perform exercises for long inhalations, and you need to ensure that the air fills the diaphragm area, and then slowly, in portions, is consumed. At the same time, there is no need to bring yourself to a state where a person has already used up all the air, but continues to speak. It doesn't look very nice. It’s better to stop and “take your breath” again.

Diction also requires training

At the same time as performing breathing exercises, do not forget about diction. She should not be given large number time, 10-15 minutes daily. Very soon you will notice how your speech will become clear and well understood by others. There are many different diction exercises. But first you need to soberly evaluate your speech. To do this, it will be enough to simply record your voice on a voice recorder, and then listen to the recording very carefully. It would be a good idea to ask someone else to evaluate your diction; perhaps strangers will notice something that escapes your attention and hearing.

So, pay attention to the following points:

• Consonant sounds. What are they: correct or not, do we swallow them?
• What soft consonants sound like.
• How do you pronounce consonants at the junction of two words.
• How to pronounce unstressed vowels.
• How do the consonants sound in different parts words.

Typically, you will notice some general trend or error. Perhaps others will hear something else while listening to the recording. All this is a frontier for the upcoming work on voice and speech in general.

Concept of articulation

In general, we can say that diction and articulation are one and the same thing. There are articulatory muscles that are involved in the process of sound formation, and they need to be trained. These muscles form the correct sounds, which is why it is important that they are strong and strong.

To strengthen them, you can and should do special exercises, which includes a set of exercises for the tongue, jaws, lips and even cheeks.

You can simply make faces, and then lightly massage your cheeks and lips. In addition, there are a lot of exercises for children with speech therapy problems. The most common of them are the “needle”, when you need to make the tongue sharp and stretch as high as possible in the nose, and the “shovel”, when the tongue is as relaxed as possible.

Search for a teacher

If you are very concerned about speaking technique, courses are the best thing you need. You can spend a long time learning to speak beautifully and correctly at home and not notice gross mistakes that nullify all your efforts. An experienced teacher and mentor will correct you in time and will not allow the mistake to take hold. The teacher’s speech technique will act as a standard and guiding star that will not let you go astray. It is the specialist who will tell you when you are quite ready to speak in front of people, and will stop you if it is too early and you still need to practice.

What and how to say?

So, even if you have been practicing diction and positioning the breathing apparatus for a long time, but you don’t know what to say, then it’s too early for you to speak. It is necessary that beautiful turns and phrases ripen in your head in time, the right words are remembered in time, and speech flows like a stream. For this purpose, you just need to read a lot and think about different topics. You need to try to find synonyms for many words and expand your vocabulary.

It is also very important to monitor the pace of speech. Many people chatter without noticing it. This makes it very difficult to fully perceive speech. We need to watch the pace at which we speak, it is not that difficult. At first you will have to pay attention to this, and then it will become a habit.

Gesticulation

Gestures are our second language. We simply need it, but there are rules here too. There shouldn't be too many gestures. Sweeping movements are also very distracting. That's why you need to learn to control your body. There is a whole science that studies facial expressions and gestures. Even a superficial acquaintance with her will be of great benefit, because you will learn to read body language at least a little. Every gesture should be thought through. First, study and objectively analyze the movements that you often use, and then make adjustments.

It is advisable to think through all gestures in advance, rehearse in front of a mirror, and demonstrate to your best friends.

If you tell everyone: “I want to speak beautifully... Speech techniques are so complicated!”, then you are unlikely to achieve anything. Beautiful and correct speech goes hand in hand with faith in one’s strength and success. All of them are necessary for almost each of us, because success and self-confidence are one of the main components of the modern world.

Practice - and you will undoubtedly succeed!

I don’t think anyone will argue with the fact that the ability to speak beautifully is the most valuable human quality.

A person who speaks competently makes a favorable impression, he more often achieves his goal, he is more successful in his professional activities, and it is easier for him to adapt to any life situation.

Correct speech has an almost magical effect. I want to listen and listen to her; and from another - close your ears and run away.

Mastery of the art of speaking beautifully and competently, unfortunately, is becoming less and less common.

People who think masterpieces sometimes do not know how to express themselves as clearly in words. Many find it difficult to express their thoughts, feelings, or retell anything interesting they have read, seen, or experienced.

But behind the artless speech of such people sometimes hides a magnificent intellect and an interesting personality. But it takes time to recognize this. And time is something that we constantly lack.

From here there is only one way - you need and can train your speech. After all, the ability to speak beautifully is not a natural gift, but an acquired skill that can be brought to perfection. Even if you do not intend to become a professional speaker, the ability to speak beautifully and use speech correctly will be extremely useful both in work and in everyday personal life.

Following some rules can significantly improve the quality of your speech.

First of all, read more. Newspapers, magazines, high-quality fiction. In this sense, our domestic classics, which we all studied during our school years (or did not study, which is sad), are ideal. Read or re-read the classics! And out loud, without rushing. Such reading will have a colossal effect. It will teach you the correct construction of words in a sentence and increase your vocabulary.

Thirdly, watch the pace of your speech. It shouldn't be monotonous. Pause to highlight the main points of the conversation. It should be appropriate and not tight.

Fourthly, use comparisons, metaphors, figurative expressions, sayings, and finally, in colloquial speech, conversation. This will enliven the speech and make it more interesting. And of course, a win-win option is humor. Appropriate self-irony and jokes will add shine to your speech. After all, words are only means for transmitting information, and the way you compose and pronounce them will either sink into your soul or not.

Fifthly, speak, train your speech as much as possible. This is easy to do if you have a wide social circle. If it is not there, then a TV or radio will help. Choose the TV presenter you like best and try to imitate him. Repeat phrases out loud (!) after him, also copying his voice intonations. It's not easy, but after some time you will certainly see progress. In addition to developing melodic speech, you will expand your vocabulary.

There is another fun, and only difficult exercise at first. Choose a simple household item, such as a floor lamp or slippers. Set a time limit for yourself in which you will talk about this subject in beautiful literary language. At first it will be difficult to talk for 5 minutes about some banal floor lamp. But it will get easier with every workout. By increasing the time limit and complicating the topic, you will soon overcome uncertainty, timidity in front of words, and inability to choose them. As a result, you will be able to enthusiastically talk about your slippers for an hour without repeating yourself. It is better to do this in a group or with your family, turning the training into a kind of game. In turn, everyone becomes both a performer and a listener.

You will not notice how you fall in love with words: you will feel your power over them, they will give you confidence, and they will serve you.

When expanding your vocabulary, get information from everywhere - from books, articles, films. Memorize bright phrases, phrases, interesting figures of speech. Write them down in a notebook and use them in everyday speech.

Find out the meaning of unfamiliar words, paying attention to the correct stress, and practice their pronunciation.

Incorrect pronunciation and inappropriate use of words can make your speech funny, instantly devaluing it. Make up new phrases and sentences yourself. Avoid vocabulary clichés, use speech imagery.

Ideally, after several months of systematic (!) training, you will develop a melodic, memorable and vivid speech. you are easy simple sentences you can explain the essence of complex things. Your speech will be like the babbling of a stream. It will flow easily and freely. From now on, such speech will always and everywhere be with you.

Excellent command of your native language will give you self-confidence. Moreover, it will change the quality of your life - you will be able to communicate with people without difficulty and fear. You will always be on top!

I wish you prosperity.

Isn't it nice to listen to radio announcers or television show hosts who speak clearly and correctly? It turns out that anyone who is willing to work hard on their sound can become such a speaker. For a beautiful story, you will have to learn the rules of the language in which communication takes place. But mere truisms about grammar, vocabulary, and phraseology will not be enough. What else is missing? correct speech? How can I make it improve?

Train speech breathing

Good speech (phonation) breathing is the key to the correct placement of pauses in the story and the optimal duration of spoken phrases. Training the chest and abdominal muscles increases endurance, energizes you and even has a positive effect on your vocal abilities. One of the most effective exercises of this technique is done in this order:

1. take a comfortable lying position;
2. relax all your muscles, concentrate on your breathing;
3. try to inhale so that the chest does not rise - switch to abdominal breathing;
4. exhale slowly;
5. repeat the steps until you feel that it has become easier to breathe through your “stomach” (and not your diaphragm).

“Adjust” volume

A speaker speaking from the podium speaks loudly and boomingly. In everyday communication, the sound is different - more even, calmer. If you reverse the situations, you get absurdity. No one will hear the quiet rhetorician. A listener who suddenly begins to sharply raise his tone will most likely not understand such a change and will be offended.

In a normal conversation with friends, colleagues, and loved ones, a softer tone is used, without exaggerating emotions. The story from the stage, on the contrary, sounds a little theatrical, loud. How to train your speaking voice:

• read prose or drama out loud, trying to present the climactic moments as vividly and sonorously as possible;
• start speaking a long phrase almost in a whisper, and end with almost a scream and vice versa;
• try to display the volume of heard sounds;
• experiment with timbre, parody the voices of famous people.

Correct breathing, described in the first tip, also helps a lot in setting the volume of the sound.

Watch your speech rate

The speaker took the stage. He is dressed in a clean, neat suit. On his face one can read the readiness to encourage action, determination. The gait is confident. The audience holds its breath. Stopping at the microphone, the speaker greets the audience. Everything is going according to plan, nothing should interfere with success.

But the whole process is disrupted by one ill-considered detail..

No, these are not problems in the text of the speech, not a sudden breakdown of the microphone. The announcer suddenly starts talking like a fifth grader who doesn’t like reciting poetry. He chatters, “swallows” the endings of words, and often misspeaks. There is a feeling that he is trying to get rid of the public as quickly as possible. And the audience doesn't like it. The listeners don't even understand what we're talking about. The speaker stubbornly ignores the problem

It's actually simple. Performing is stressful. When a person is nervous, all processes in his body instantly accelerate. Speech tempo is no exception. How to cope:

• 10 minutes before going on stage, start speaking very slowly and draw out your sentences;
• do articulatory gymnastics - it will help you pronounce every word clearly even in a stressful environment;
• during a speech, ask a question to a person from the audience, tune in to the pace of his answer, or better yet, even slower;
• at home, voice out the story using a stopwatch and counting how long it takes to play each block. Take a stopwatch or timer with you to the event to refer to.

In everyday life, the temperament of the interlocutor also plays a role. Melancholic and phlegmatic people love leisurely, long conversations. Cholerics and sanguine people prefer to find out everything as quickly as possible. By catching and adopting the conversational style of a friend, you can better convey information to him.

Work with intonation

A completely neutral tone is only acceptable in a scientific report. In other situations, conveying emotions improves the story.

The correct change of intonation ensures a smooth transition between semantic blocks of speech and creates an impressive effect of contrast and surprise. The liveliness of the sound affects the audience better than the most reliable facts or arguments. To train intonation background, as well as for the voice, reciting works is suitable.

Improve diction

“Chewed”, “swallowed”, distorted sounds will not decorate either a public speaker or a simple storyteller. Good diction can be achieved in several ways:

• pronounce tongue twisters, practice chants, sing ditties;
• pronounce complex combinations of consonant sounds (dbdi-dbde-dbda, rzh-rsh-shr-zhr, skrpo-skpro);
• do speech apparatus gymnastics;
• study dictionaries to identify the correct stress in words;
• read texts aloud with a wine cork, marble or stone clamped between your front teeth.

You can use these methods separately, but together they will have a much greater effect.

Clear tongue

• vulgarisms, rudeness, especially obscene language;
• borrowed lexemes where the native language can be used;
• aimless tautologies - repetitions of the same words or phrases;
• inappropriate terms, jargon, professionalism, slang;
• inversions - incorrect word order.

Wait a second and a half before answering

This simple rule solves several problems at once. It allows you to make sure that the interlocutor has finished his remarks, which means he will not be interrupted by an answer. Politeness and knowledge of the rules of etiquette are just as important as diction or literacy.

At the same time, a second’s pause gives you the opportunity to collect your thoughts and start a new phrase clearly, organized, and clearly. It only takes a second and a half for the brain to start building logical chains. An instant response does not have this advantage. This pause will not be too long, and for the interlocutor, it is quite possible that it will remain completely unnoticeable.

Ask for help

Sometimes tackling a task on your own seems like an impossible task. Asking for help in such cases is normal. Who should I contact?

To friends. You can ask loved ones to listen to everyday conversations or the text of a speech and point out mistakes. Speech defects, its paucity, frequent repetitions, deviations from the main topic, an insufficiently sharpened sense of humor - these are what friends or relatives can identify.

To the specialists. Courses in public speaking, speech culture, and diction will help develop communication skills. In addition, visits to:

• personal development coaches (a confident person speaks accordingly);
• speech therapist;
• neurologist (prescribes medications to improve brain activity and blood circulation);
• a psychologist or psychotherapist (as in the example with a coach, only everything is on a deeper level).

To the Internet. If you don’t want to pay for success, you can try the option with YouTube channels. A large number of bloggers will gather here and share their “recipes” for improving speaking skills. However, there is a minus - sometimes serious mistakes appear in the speech of these “specialists”. Therefore, it would be better to find the website of a recognized expert and look for videos on his blog. Sometimes online webinars are held free of charge on such platforms.

A good voice recorder can also help. It will be enough to record your recitation and then listen to it carefully, identifying errors, and then carefully working through them.

Correct speech is not delivered in a matter of minutes. To master the art of communication, you will have to practice diligently and daily. However, after the time and effort spent, a worthy reward will come. Those around you will listen to the speaker’s stories, greedily “swallowing” every word. The train of thought will speed up. People will begin to listen to advice or suggestions more often. A good reputation will be strengthened. Competent sound is a reliable attribute of success.

Today I want to talk about speech technique exercises available to everyone. The most important thing for successfully using them in your practice is desire and regular practical application. The result, believe me, will not keep you waiting.

Exercise 1. Articulation gymnastics.

It would seem that we know this technique from school. But do we use it? Why? Yes, because we find this technique boring and uninteresting. So I suggest doing this set of exercises “jokingly”. Make faces in front of the mirror, make fun of yourself or your loved one during this exercise. And the process won’t seem so boring to you! I will present the simplest complex in this article, I hope that it will be useful to you.

Each exercise must be repeated at least ten times. By the way, this gymnastics promotes relaxation, which is very important before an important public performance: 1. Raise your eyebrows up. 2. Move your eyebrows towards the center. 3.Pull in both cheeks. 4.Puff up your cheeks at the same time, and then one at a time. 5. Press on your cheeks with your tongue. 6.Run your tongue in circles behind closed lips. 7.Click your tongue. 8.Press the upper and lower lips with your tongue in turn. 9.Bite the tip of your tongue. 10.Put your lips into a tube and smile, but without teeth. 11.Pull your lips into a tube and smile broadly. 12.Open your mouth wide and then close it. 13.Open your mouth wide, close it first halfway, and only then completely.

But let me remind you once again that by replacing any exercise with “acting” in front of a mirror, you will give yourself a bunch of emotions and you will do articulatory gymnastics with pleasure.
Exercise 2. Tongue twisters.
Take any a selection of tongue twisters, and start pronouncing them daily, starting at a slow pace and gradually speeding it up, so that you pronounce tongue twisters without “eating” sounds and syllables, gradually the speed of reading them will be fast enough, and the pronunciation will be clear and correct. May this process also bring you pleasure. To do this, you can experiment with a cork from champagne - read tongue twisters with and without a cork clamped in the mouth.
Below is a selection of tongue twisters.

1) The interviewer of the interventionist interviewed.

2) Once upon a time there lived three Chinese: Yak, Yak - tsedrak, Yak - tsedrak - tsedrak - tsedroni.
Once upon a time there lived three Chinese women: Tsypa, Tsypa - drypa, Tsypa - drypa ​​- drypa ​​- drypamponi.
They all got married: Yak on Tsypa, Yak - tsedrak on Tsypedrypa,
Yak - tsedrak - tsedrak - tsedroni on Tsypa - dryp - drypamponi.
And they had children: Yak and Tsypa: Shah, Yak - tsedraka with Tsypa - drypa: Shay - sharakh, Yak - tsedrak - tsedrak - tsedroni with Tsypa - drypa ​​- drypamponi: Shah - Sharakh - Sharakh - Shironi.

3) Tell us about your purchases! - What kind of purchases?
About shopping, about shopping, about your purchases.

4) The fast talker quickly spoke quickly,
That you can’t quickly pronounce all the tongue twisters,
But, having become nervous, he quickly said,
that all the tongue twisters will be repeated quickly, but not too quickly.
And the tongue twisters jump like crucian carp in a frying pan.

5) Bankers were rebranded, rebranded, rebranded, but not rebranded.

6) In Cannes, lions did not wreath wreaths for the lazy.

7) In Kabardino-Balkaria, valocordin from Bulgaria.

De-ideologized, de-ideologized, and pre-ideologized.

9) Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer.

10) Sasha walked along the highway, Sasha found a sachet on the highway.

11) The river flows, the stove bakes.

12) Tongs and pliers - these are our things.

13) The pike tries in vain to pinch the bream.

14) The train rushes by grinding: w, h, w, shch, w, h, w, shch.

15) You can’t say all the tongue twisters too quickly, you can’t say too quickly

You can also find various collections of tongue twisters in the VKontakte Group and Odnoklassniki.

Exercise 3. Write a short story about the subject or simply describe the subject.
A very interesting exercise. When I made it for the first time, it didn’t seem very simple to me. Many people can describe a simple object with only two or three words, but it is necessary to stretch the description process for 4-5 minutes, without repeating it. Very interesting exercise-develops imagination and logic and associative thinking. At the same time, you learn to avoid junk words, unwanted repetitions, watch your speech. Turn this exercise into a kind of speech energizer and you will certainly get a boost of energy.
Exercise 4. Reading aloud.
Reading aloud is good to practice on works of poetic form. You can use poems from your favorite poets. Try to read the same poem in different ways: with different emotions, for example, or at a different tempo or, emphasizing some part of speech, and you will see how differently the text will play in your performance every time.
Exercise 5. Retelling.
For retelling, it is good to use fables or parables or any genre of prose that you love. Here, practice highlighting key words. You can write them out from the text, they will serve you wonderfully guideline-cheat sheet when retelling. Take any article from a magazine that you like and retell it, for example, adding a particle to each verb that you pronounce during the retelling process. I think you will definitely smile.

Of course, the exercises I have given in this article are not dogma, and I must tell you that in fact there are many different exercises and techniques. But sometimes lies under your feet, which we don’t notice, but the techniques described in this article are very easy to use and you can do it both at home and at work during your lunch break, for example, or while preparing lunch or while walking with your child on the playground. The main thing so that the process of working on your speech gives you pleasure.

Elena Kleimenova was with you. All the best.