The rule is that the prefix is ​​not combined or separately. When to write “not” and when to write “neither” with different parts of speech. Particles are not and neither

"Not with different parts of speech" is one of the topics in the Russian language that always causes difficulties. And the point here is not so much the complexity of the topic itself, but the amount of information that needs to be remembered: for a noun, the rules used for a verb are not always suitable, but try Determining the combined and separate spelling of a participle by analogy with a verb is generally one of the biggest mistakes! What should you do to be confident in your knowledge and not make mistakes?

Particle and prefix

First you need to clearly delimit the particle Not and prefix Not-. The particle is always written separately, but the prefix is ​​highlighted by the corresponding sign during the morphemic analysis of the word and is its structural part. Based on this it is built general rule: Not with different parts of speech is written together if the given word is without Not just not used ( hate, bad weather, invincible, unexpected etc.). Finding such words in a text is not at all difficult, so there are usually no difficulties with them.

Spelling with nouns, adjectives and adverbs

In one large group nouns, adjectives and adverbs ending in -O (cold, fast). Spelling particles Not In this case, it completely coincides with different parts of speech.

So, Not written separately:

1. If there is a contrast with the union A (not hot, but cold; not a friend, but an enemy; not fresh, but stale).
2. With words not at all, far away (not at all cautious; not cold at all; far from easy).
3. With double negative ( It’s not new to anyone; news that's not interesting to anyone).
4. When negating two signs in a row ( not high and not low).

Continuous writing Not- with different parts of speech is possible in two cases:

1. If you can find a synonym without Not- (foe - enemy, close - close, a little - little).
2. If the conjunction is used But in combinations like shallow but fast. Union But is adversative, however, unlike the conjunction A it may not mean opposition, but a comparison of non-mutually exclusive features.

Communion

We continue to study the spelling of particles Not with different parts of speech. The rule regarding the sacrament can easily be called one of the most controversial, because it is with it that the greatest difficulties usually arise. But let's try to figure it out.

Together Not- It is written with the participle in such cases:

1. If there is no dependent word ( wet grass; unfinished task).
2. If there is no opposition ( unread book; unpublished manuscript).
3. With adverbs of measure and degree very, extremely, absolutely, almost, completely, extremely, completely, quite (extremely rash decision; almost undisturbed order).
4. If the participle is formed from a verb with a prefix under- (misunderstood, unwashed).

With separate writing Not It's also easy to figure out:

1. If there is a dependent word ( an essay not written (how?) on time; student who didn’t come (when?) today).
2. If there is a contrast ( not a fictional story, but a real one).
3. If the participle has a short form ( the story is not made up, the book has not been read).

Only separately!

There are several situations in which only separate writing is possible Not with different parts of speech. Some of them are original rules and are learned by children in elementary school, others are practically never found.

1. With words that are written with a hyphen ( not friendly, not south-eastern).
2. With adjectives in the comparative degree ( no better, no worse).
3. With relative, possessive adjectives, as well as adjectives of taste and color ( not winter; not my mother's; not black).
4. With numerals ( not one, not the second).
5. With verbs ( didn't go, couldn't).
6. With participles ( without being able to, without thinking).
7. With function words: prepositions and particles ( not only, not with him, not because of him).

In addition to the fourth point: it is very important not to confuse the participle and the adjective, because in the case of a short adjective, the spelling Not will obey different rules. Compare: the girl is talented and educated And group formed. In the first case, the fact that the word educated is an adjective, indicates a nearby word of the same part of speech, and besides, the meaning is clear that this is not a gerund (the girl was not educated, but she is smart). In the second situation, it is clear that someone created the group, formed it, i.e. it educated. Consequently, different spellings are due Not different parts of speech, which include homonymous words.

Pronouns

Talking about spelling Not with different parts of speech, let’s focus on personal and negative pronouns. In the case of them, everything is very simple: if there is a preposition, it is written separately ( no one with), if it is not there - together ( once).

Under- And not up to

One of the most difficult points of this rule is the spelling of verbs with the prefix under- and verbs with a particle Not and prefix to-. This means words like malnourished And don't finish eating, which at first glance are absolutely identical, but from a grammatical point of view should be written differently.

Prefix under- denotes a completed action, the result of which does not correspond to the norm (some linguists say that any word with this prefix means something bad): undernourish (eat little), underestimate (not value highly enough), understate (hide the truth).

In turn, the particle and prefix characterize the interrupted action: not finish eating (not having time to finish the meal), not finishing (not finishing the speech), not swimming (not finishing the swim).

At first glance, everything is not so complicated, but sometimes situations arise when choosing between two options is not easy.

Not against neither

Another controversial topic is "Spelling Not And neither with different parts of speech." Fortunately, there are not many nuances here, so it won’t be difficult to understand the rules.

Particle Not used for:

1. Expressions of negation ( I don't understand, not mine).
2. Under stress in pronouns ( no one, no time).

Then as a particle neither:

1. Strengthens denial ( there was no light or house visible)
2. Used without stress in pronouns ( no one, never)
3. Used in complex sentences to strengthen a statement ( wherever we went, we were greeted joyfully).

In principle, everything is not so difficult, some tasks of this kind are performed exclusively at the level of intuition, but still, knowledge of the theory can significantly facilitate the task.

We repeat

In order to consolidate the rule, it is better to repeat all the material. It is important to understand what combinations are formed with Not different parts of speech. The table will help you remember all the most important things.

Conclusion

In principle, this is where we can end the conversation about spelling Not with different parts of speech. This rule includes many subparagraphs, each of which is divided into several others - you really have to remember a lot. But, on the other hand, here and there there are overlapping points, thanks to which, of course, it will be much easier to understand. The main thing is desire, patience and practice, and the rest will come on its own.

Writing Not with different parts of speech depends on whether Not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Prefix Not- written together with the part of the word that follows it, particle Not written separately with the word following it. Compare for example: It’s not execution that’s scary, it’s your disfavor that’s scary.(P.); A difficult lot, not a joyful one, / Was drawn out for you by fate, / And early on, with a merciless life, / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutch.).

The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particles and prefixes. The rules are structured to help the writer differentiate the prefix Not- and a particle Not and based on this, choose a combined or separate spelling.

Particle Not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the help of a prefix Not- a word is created, compare: The reason for this is not experience, but prudence. And Inexperience leads to disaster(P.).

With words of only grammatical categories Not can only be written separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only continuous writing Not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only the negative is written separately Not , relating to a whole phrase.

Continuous writing NOT

Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation Not written together in the following cases.

1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of a word that does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, For example:

Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, illness, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, troubles, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, infidel;

Adjectives (as well as adverbs formed from them in O ): careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchangeable, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, unending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, miserable, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;

Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;

Adverbs and other fixed words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really.

2. If the part of the word without, when used independently, has a different meaning unrelated to the given word , For example: ignorance(‘lack of awareness’; conducting means ‘field of activity’, compare: was in his charge...); flaw('flaw'; prosperity means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’), unimportant('bad'; important means ‘proud’ and ‘significant’); narrow-minded(‘not very smart’; far means ‘at a great distance’); lack(meaning ‘not enough’), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented case, incorrect light, incredible event, impossible character, involuntary lie, worthless boy, immediate response, immediate reaction; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); no wonder(meaning ‘not in vain’).

3. As part of the prefixes under- and nebez- (heaven-):

under- with the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, runt, underestimation, shortcoming; unripe, underdeveloped; underfulfill, underdelive, undernourish, underreceive, understate, underlook, undersalt, undersleep, underestimate;

From verbs with a prefix under- verbs with the prefix should be distinguished to- and the preceding particle Not(such verbs with a particle Not indicate an action not completed). Compare: Didn't look after the child And Didn't watch the play to the end; They are chronically malnourished And He usually doesn't finish his portion.

not without- (heaven-) with a value of a moderate but quite significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘quite famous’), not unreasonable, not useless(‘quite useful’), not fruitful(‘pretty effective’).

Separate writing NOT

Negation is not written separately in the following cases.

1. With all forms of verbs :

a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don't know, don't know, don't know, didn't know, didn't know, take your time, take your time, take your time, don't like it, no luck;

b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not designed, not closed, not occupied, not drunk;

c) with participles, for example: without wanting, without being distracted, without haste, without joking, without having time, without meeting.

From gerunds with a particle Not should be distinguished:

a) adverb immediately(‘immediately, immediately’), compare: Got to work immediately And Without delaying the answer, he sat down to write the letter;

b) complex prepositions despite, despite, compare: Came despite the difficulties And Walked without looking around; c) union despite the fact that.

2. With numerals and counting nouns , For example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not the sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.

3. With pronominal words , For example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not he, not that one, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not anyone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like that, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not myself.

4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, shouldn't, not much.

5. With adverbs (except for those formed from adjectives using the suffix -O ), and also with unchangeable words used as a predicate , For example: not close, not on time, not completely, not rightly, not for the future, not seriously, not casually, not yesterday, not to the full, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not very, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not from above, not immediately; no shame, not married, no shame, no need.

There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far away, inopportunely, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.

6. With any words written with a hyphen, For example: not commercial and industrial, not scientific research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not comradely, not Russian, not ours.

7. With any combination of words :

a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows Not , but to a whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of sciences, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not a specialist in the field of philology, not directly proportional;

b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for the sake of glory, not with them, not on the way, not without reason, not under authority, not according to conscience, not from the timid, not about war, not in the spirit, not able, not in my mind, not to the face, beyond the power.

Integrated/separate spelling NOT

With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -O , full forms of participles Not can be written both together and separately.

-O negation Not written separately in the following cases.

1. As part of structures with opposition : not... but, not... but, ... and not... In such designs Not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He told not the truth, but half-truths(compare: He told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike for animals);

Not good man, but rather bad(compare: He's not a good person); The title is quirky and not original.(compare: Unoriginal title); Not an ordinary egg, but a golden one(compare: Not an easy question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only harsher ;

You did not act badly, but terribly; It's not easy to figure this out, but it's very simple..

The particle is also written Not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of a conjunction A , For example: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; It's not a pleasant sight - it's a breathtaking sight; A gift is not precious, but love is precious; He acts not more energetically - more fussily.

Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions A And But close in value to although, still, nevertheless, For example: The river was not wide, but deep; He is ugly, but smart; She is short but slender; An inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Not stupid, but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that he is handsome, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that he is ugly, etc.

2. As part of constructions that reinforce negation:

A) with words not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all , For example: This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) with negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, no, no, no etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He's no prettier than his sister;

V) with the union neither... nor, For example: The man is not known to either the hosts or the guests; Not needed by me or you.

Constructions that reinforce negation should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize affirmative meaning.

3. In combinations almost..., almost..., isn't it..., no further than..., no later than..., no earlier than...

With nouns, adjectives, adverbs -O negation is NOT written together in the following cases X

1. If the word with cannot be replaced with a word without a similar meaning. This possibility suggests that Not – a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(lie); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(superficial), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(difficult) not close(far), a lot(many).

2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , For example: non-doctors, non-Franius, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-verses; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloodied, / Muse cut with a whip(Necr.); A non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist will not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .

3. If there is no modifier or preposition before the noun c. The presence of these words is a sign that Not forms a single word with a given noun, for example: Dismissed for absenteeism; My eternal bad luck is to blame for everything; Added to his lack of prudence was his ever-present indecision; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze at balls, / Before them, a mortal reluctance(Gr.).

4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb, -O there are words very, extremely, quite, extremely, clearly, quite (quite enough), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, eminently– words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the characteristic, emphasizing the statement, For example: Very dishonest work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and sluggish, answered extremely incomprehensibly and unsatisfactorily, a very extraordinary, very thoughtless, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly an impractical undertaking, a rather unsuccessful ending, quite consistent, blatantly illiterate, extremely unfavorable circumstances, in the highest indecently.

However, words like absolutely, completely, can be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words written with not separately. Compare for example: absolutely(completely) unsuccessful performance And he is absolutely human(completely) not old(possibly a synonymous combination not old at all).

5. If the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs contains qualifying adverbs , For example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, increasingly inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the comparative form is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in construction with conjunctions than... the, For example: the simpler the better; the further you go, the more disappointing.

From a number of adjectives with the prefix Not- and corresponding adverbs of the comparative degree are not formed. These include formations with Not- from words that have forms with a suffix -e And -she (For example: not rich, not easy, not loud, not subtle, not far), with stressed suffix -her (For example: weak, unclear, uncomplicated, sad). Therefore, the usual spellings are not richer, not simpler, not louder, not further, not stronger, not clearer, not more fun.

However, very rarely forms of comparative degree from such formations with Not- found, for example: The floating ghost has become even more unclear(P.); There was nothing simpler, more secretive than him in all the Izvals(Boon.).

In all other cases, in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize negation or affirmation and, therefore, distinguish the particle Not from the console Not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing a negation or emphasizing a statement - are possible in meaning in a given context.

If it is possible to substitute words that express opposition or strengthen negation ( at all, not at all etc.), is not written separately, for example: The way there(not at all) not distant; The weather was(not at all) not hot; He(far) not calm; They(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Admit your mistake(at all) not humiliating; Left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it’s not bad that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

If possible, substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough etc.), Not written together, for example: The way there(Very) close-minded; They live(very) not rich; The weather was(enough) not hot; He(Very) restless; They(obviously) innocent; Left, but(Very) not for long; May be,(Very) and it’s a good thing he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(very) not easy.

Unlike participles, with any dependent words (except for words that strengthen negation), writing such adjectives with Not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unfamiliar to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of a sign - and then write Not separately from the next word(For example: he is not healthy, it doesn’t matter, cases are not rare, not by chance, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or statement of the attribute - and then write Not together (compare: he is unhealthy, it is not uncommon, it does not matter, it is not by chance, it is unimportant, it is not surprising, in an undemocratic way). The choice of writing will determine the understanding of what is written by the readers.

With full forms of participles, the negation is not written separately:

A) if they have dependent words , For example: a person who does not disdain any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who haven't seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; an object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obliged to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; roof not painted since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, For example: this is not a finished work, but some sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - loved; not at all calmed down, not at all embarrassed, not at all happy, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.

Negation is not written together with full forms of participles:

A) in the absence of dependent words , For example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, unemployed pensioners, non-combatants, unbloomed flower, unrealized advantage, unproven theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;

b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very rash act, clearly unreasonable demands.

Not written together: 1) with all parts of speech that are without Not not used: ignorant, inclement, absurd, hate, indignant, perplexed, impossible, reluctant;

2) with nouns, adjectives and adverbs in – oh, – e, if they can be replaced with synonyms: enemy(enemy), small(small), near(close);

– oh, – e if they have adverbs of degree: very, extremely, very, completely, absolutely, extremely, completely(meaning "absolutely", "completely"): an extremely unpleasant incident, a completely unexplored area, speaks very inexpressively;

Not with full adjectives it is written together: a long way - a long way;

5) with verbal adjectives formed from not transitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form with suffixes on – my: irresistible, immeasurable, indestructible.

Note: Not written separately if with these verbal adjectives dependent words are negative pronouns or nouns, pronouns in the instrumental case: objects invisible to the eye, facts inexplicable;

6) in verbs with a prefix under-, indicating something is incomplete: There are five books missing from the pack(But: child Not gets enough to table);

7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs: no one, nothing, someone, no time, nowhere, reluctantly.

Not written separately:

1) if there is or is implied opposition: not luck, but hard work; lives not far away, but close; not read, but only viewed book. Is the pond deep? – No, not deep.

Note: it is necessary to distinguish between opposition and conjunction A (particle Not written separately) and contrast with the conjunction But (particle Not spelled together): river not deep, but shallow – river shallow but wide;

2) with relative adjectives (Not summer rain) with qualitative adjectives denoting color (not white, not black), and also with adjectives: not better, not worse, not greater, not less;

3) with adjectives, participles, adverbs oh, oh in the presence of negative pronouns and adverbs, as well as particles far from... not at all... not at all... not at all... (meaning “not at all”, “not at all”).

For example: not interesting to anyone details; never freezing lake; far from smart Human; not at all chance meeting;

4) with short adjectives, if the particle Not with full adjectives it is written separately: the path is not close, and far - the path is not close, but far.

5) with some short adjectives that are rarely used in full form: not needed, not obliged, not intended, does not agree, not happy, should not, is not right, not visible, not heard, not disposed;

6) with verbs, gerunds: didn't recognize; without recognizing.

7) in negative pronouns with prepositions: there is no one to talk to, nothing to reproach; in combinations none other than…; nothing more than: none other than the commander; nothing more than a spark;

8) with full participles in the presence of dependent words, including adverbs more: Not stopping all day rain; not yet blossomed rosebud;

9) with short participles (things not sent); with numerals (not two kilometer); unions (not that rain, not that snow); particles (not only); prepositions (not with me); personal pronouns (not with me, not him); with comparative adverbs (not better); as well as with adverbs acting as a predicate (not sorry, not necessary, not scary, not visible); with words hardly (almost the first from athletes); V interrogative sentences (Isn't the argument made clear? ).

How to differentiate particle spellings Not And neither

Writing particles Not And neither depends on the semantic meanings they carry in the sentence. Particle Not used as:

Negation (wind Not subsided);

Statement:

a) in exclamatory or interrogative sentences (wherever he has been!);

b) in subordinate tenses with a conjunction not yet (Wait until I come);

Double negative (Not Can Not object). Particle neither used as:

Strengthening negation in sentences with a negative predicate, participles, gerunds (wind didn't subside either for a minute);

Strengthening approval in subordinate clauses; As a rule, such subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whatever, wherever, wherever, from where, no matter how, no matter how much (Wherever look, there are forests everywhere).

Note: it is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of combinations: not alone (a lot) – none (nobody); more than once - a lot (a lot) – not at all (not at all).

Task 38. Opening the brackets, insert particles Not And neither. Add missing punctuation marks.

1. No matter how (not, not) I tried to drive away from myself the memory of a (stranger), about her companion, about my meetings with them, it kept coming back and pestering me.

2. Who (not, nor) cursed the stationmasters, who (not, nor) scolded them!

3. It seems like a (not, not) unknown force has picked you up on its wing and you are flying and still flying: ... the whole road is flying (not, not) knows where into the disappearing distance.

4. (No, neither) so (is it) that you, Rus', are a lively (not, nor) overtaken troika (not) sitting down? ...everything that (is not, not) on earth flies past and other peoples and states sidestep and give way to it.

5. There was a lot of life and truth in his sketches, but (not, not) one of them was (not, not) finished and the drawing seemed to me (not, not) careless and (not, not) true.

6. (Not, not) any mother (not) looked after her child, as Gerasim looked after his pet.

Task 39. Write down the words by opening the brackets. Distribute them into groups: 1) words that are without Not not used; 2) words that, in combination with Not have only negative meaning.

(Not) hatred, (not) satiable, (not) hate, (not) allowed, (not) who, (not) have, (not) debt, (un)bearable, (not) she, (not) himself, (not) to get enough sleep, (not) to build, (not) seeing, (not) although, (not) finding, (not) a friend, but a friend; (negligence), (not) cleanliness, (not) touching.

Task 40. Rewrite the sentences, opening the brackets. Explain the spelling of the particle Not with participles and gerunds.

1. In an extraordinary, never (un)heard of silence, dawn arises.

2. On the streets that had not been swept for a long time, the wind rustled rusty leaves.

4. We wander along those paths where the grass is (not) cut.

5. Above, Stozhary smoldered like a (not) extinguished fire.

6. Memories are (not) yellowed letters, (not) old age, (not) dried flowers and relics, but a living, trembling world full of poetry.

7. Someone knocked on the (in)visible, carpeted door.

8. Every hunter will understand my (un)controllable desire to capture the beast.

9. Only one strip is (not) compressed.

10. Silence, (not) disturbed by either movement or sound, is especially striking.

11. Tatyana loves (not) jokingly.

12. And everyone stopped, (not) wanting to ease the fate of the one who did evil to them, (not) wanting to kill him.

13. He turned around, surprised and (not) perplexed.

Task 41. Using the adjectives below, make up phrases with the following words: not at all (not), not at all (not), far (not).

Cheerful, kind, interesting, noble, funny, intelligent, fat, young, rich, famous.

1. if the adjective is not used without Not , For example: Not sloppy, Not molded, Not separated, Not conquerable;
2. If Not serves to form a new adjective, which can be replaced with a word or expression that is similar in meaning, for example: Not high(short), Not polite(rude). In this case Not is a prefix.
3. If the adjective contains the words Very , very , extremely , enough , absolutely and some others that enhance the degree of manifestation of the symptom, for example: It was very Not high fence; It was extremely Not polite answer.

NOT a negative particle and is written separately with adjectives:

1. if there is or is implied opposition, for example: The house was Not high and low; The answer was Not polite but rude;
2. if the adjective uses negative particles not far , not at all, not at all , For example: not far polite answer; not at all good mood;
3. if the adjective has dependent words with neither , For example: not to anyone interesting article, not at all difficult task.

NOT with short adjectives

Spelling Not with short adjectives, the meaning of which is the same as full ones, is subject to the same rules as spelling Not with full adjectives, for example: ceiling Not high(low); ceiling very short ; ceiling Not high and low; ceiling Not high(which one?).

Integrated and separate writing Not with short adjectives helps in writing to distinguish the meaning of what the writer wants to express, for example: story uninteresting (quite boring) - story Not interesting(i.e., it cannot be said that it is boring, but it is not read with great interest); road not wide (quite narrow) - road Not wide a (i.e. it cannot be said that it is narrow, but not very wide).

Note

There is a small group of short adjectives with which Not always written separately. Such adjectives either do not have a full form, or have a different meaning in their full form, for example: not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not ready, not needed, doesn’t agree, not obliged.

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VII. Spelling NOT and NOR

§ 88.Not written together:

1. In all cases where without a negative particle Not the word is not used, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian eg: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; everyone for non-specialists I liked the report; non-Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse (Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs -o(s) , if their combination with Not does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy looking(i.e. painful), impossible character(i.e. heavy), sea restless(i.e. worried), matter unclean(i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), entered bad(i.e. bad).

7. In a verb prefix under- , indicating non-compliance with the required standard, for example: underfulfill(perform below the required standard), overlook(not enough, bad look, miss something), lack of sleep(sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix under- it is necessary to distinguish between verbs with a prefix to- having a negative in front of them Not and denoting an action not completed, for example: don't finish reading book, don't finish your drink tea, don't finish watching play.

§ 89.Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, slowly.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with a prefix under- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. With participles: a) in a short form, for example: duty not paid, house not completed, coat not sewn; b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he brought unfinished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: no luck led us to success, and endurance and composure; not death terrible - your disfavor is terrible (Pushkin); morning has come not clear, but foggy; the train is coming not fast and not slow(implied: “with some average speed»); not tomorrow(there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. Some cases should be noted separate writing particles Not . Particle Not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with as an explanatory word neither , For example: no one (for no one etc.) an unnecessary thing, an error that never occurs, no one benefits from taking it on; b) if Not is part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from our only desire, by no means a fair solution, not at all the best way out, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that.

About cases continuous writing Not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. Philosophical term not-me written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately more than once, For example: More than once he accused himself of being overly cautious (Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't mind, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all not commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not the old way.

§ 90.Neither written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle neither is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one etc.

2. In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, in no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in the particle someday.

§ 91. In all other cases the particle neither written separately.

About using particles neither cm. § .

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between revolutions none other than..., none other than... from revolutions no one else...; nothing else... eg: it was none other than your brother, but: no one else could say this; it was nothing more than fire, but: nothing else could scare me.