Accounts payable - what an accountant, economist and manager need to know about it. How to write off accounts payable without tax consequences

Instructions

Identify assets that you can sell to pay off the debt.

Use every opportunity to attract new investors.

Create a system of reserves for doubtful debts. In this case, when concluding contracts, the company expects timely receipt of the necessary payments. This will allow you to create sources for covering losses, as well as have the most realistic description of the company’s own financial condition.

Develop an active system for collecting payments. This section of working with debtors implies the following processes: carry out the necessary procedures for interacting with your debtors for violating the terms of debt payment, identify and introduce an appropriate system for punishing unscrupulous counterparties.

Replace the debtor in the obligation (translate debt). Current legislation provides for the possibility of transferring debt to another person. In this case, the enterprise that is the original debtor withdraws from the existing obligation and is replaced by some new debtor. As a rule, to the debtor debt passes in full.

In order to transfer the debt, it is necessary for the creditor to express his consent in writing. This is by signing an agreement or contract confirming the transfer of debt.

To improve the financial condition of an enterprise, it is necessary to constantly monitor accounts payable and regularly monitor their ratio and quality. How to reduce a company's accounts payable?

Instructions

It is necessary to find ways and means that will reduce the amount of debt of the enterprise. To avoid the formation of unjustified debt, it is necessary to properly manage accounts receivable.

First of all, control the turnover of funds in settlements. Because the acceleration of turnover in dynamics is a positive trend.

Carry out the selection using informal criteria: level of current solvency, compliance with payment discipline, forecast financial capabilities, financial and economic capabilities of the enterprise, etc.

For regular customers, provide shipment of goods to. Set a small discount when paying in the first days of the loan term. And in case of failure to pay on time, set a fine, the amount of which will increase every day.

Constantly analyze the level of both receivables and payables. Set a critical debt level. If it is exceeded, carefully check all calculations without fail. Make a control sample from the remaining documents. Check their reality. Send messages to counterparties asking them to verify these documents.

Build analytical accounting in such a way as to ensure the receipt of data on repayment terms, education, availability of bills, etc. This will prevent the occurrence of unjustified debt.

Sources:

• accounts payable

To manage effectively cash flows company, it is necessary to assess the current state cash on current accounts, as well as analyze the debt of debtors. To analyze accounts receivable, you need to calculate the following financial ratios.

Instructions

The continuous increase in such debt creates serious problems for the organization. The desire to increase sales volumes can lead to significant losses and even bankruptcy. Successful accounts receivable management will help maintain the organization's solvency and prevent working capital shortages.

Accounts receivable are a current asset of an organization.

The main goal of management is to maintain debt at an optimal level, which is individual for each enterprise. Increase receivables means an increase in non-payments for the shipment of products, which leads to a decrease in current assets and solvency. A decrease indicates problems with the sale of products and a reduction in trade loans provided by the enterprise.

Procedures for managing receivables include: developing a method for selling the company's products with a continuous flow of cash, effective interaction with counterparties to collect debts, optimization.

Sources:

• Dictionary of banking terms

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Quick step by step guide

Step - 1
Decrease creditor debt possible in several ways. Negotiate with your creditors to reach an agreement with them (for example, discuss payment deferrals). Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 2
Identify assets that you can sell to pay off the debt. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 3
Use every opportunity to attract new investors. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 4
Create a system of reserves for doubtful debts. In this case, when concluding contracts, the company expects timely receipt of the necessary payments. Such a system will make it possible to create sources for covering losses, as well as to have the most realistic description of the company’s own financial condition. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 5
Develop an active system for collecting payments. This section of working with debtors implies the following processes: carry out the necessary procedures for interacting with your debtors in case of violation of the terms of debt payment, determine and introduce an appropriate system for punishing unscrupulous counterparties. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 6
Upsize authorized capital due to additional contributions from the company participants themselves or contributions from third parties. To do this, draw up a special protocol on increasing the authorized capital (it must determine the total cost of all additional contributions). Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 7
Replace the debtor in the obligation (translate debt). Current legislation provides for the possibility of transferring debt to another person. In this case, the enterprise that is the original debtor withdraws from the existing obligation and is replaced by some new debtor. As a rule, to the new debtor debt passes in full. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 8
In order to transfer the debt, it is necessary for the creditor to express his consent in writing. This is done by signing an agreement or contract confirming the transfer of debt.
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All financial receipts, expenditure transactions and other financial movements are recorded at the enterprise in the reporting balance sheet documents. The receivable reflects the funds received by the company from partners, and the creditor demonstrates the organization's debt obligations to borrowers. It is important to know what an increase or decrease in debt indicates.

The meaning of changes in contractual and contractual provisions in the balance sheet

Accounts payable and receivable are the main indicators of financial and material flows in an enterprise. Each organization keeps records of income and expenses. For accuracy and simplicity of calculations, each transaction is recorded in the company’s balance sheet. Any changes in the total amount of debt indicate a certain situation in the company.

If the size of obligations to all creditors increases disproportionately in comparison with receivables, then this may indicate financial difficulties that the organization is experiencing in at the moment. A decrease, in turn, indicates the opposite situation. Of course, the calculations are much more complicated and it is often difficult for an ignorant person to understand how things are going in the company just by looking at the reporting documents.

However, for people who understand accounting and business, balance sheet documentation can tell a lot. This is useful for attracting investments, finding creditors, etc. If the debtor has a large debt and has difficulty paying off the arrears, then this will be visible from the BB. DZ and KZ should not be the same, there are no exact proportions, but there are certain factors that need to be guided by.

But no matter how much businessmen want to do without borrowing funds, a large enterprise will not be able to completely abandon them, since they help carry out the company’s activities, expand turnover and intensify production without withdrawing money from capital.

The debt of enterprises is divided into creditors and receivables

Accounts receivable

This term refers to the totality monetary assets, which were earned by the company, but for various reasons have not yet been credited to the organization’s account. These can be loans, investment payments, etc. DP is divided into 2 main types:

• short-term;
• long-term.

The first ones involve loans issued for a short period. Most often, such assets are classified as current. Institutions are recorded in the same way in the balance sheet. The second type of financial assets, in turn, is issued to borrowers for a long period of time, which is why they are marked as long-term in the reporting documentation.

When calculating and tracking receivables, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of each type described above. If this is not done, the results will not be valid, which will lead to an error in the balance sheet. This, in turn, will entail a lot of other unpleasant consequences according to the principle of a chain reaction.

What does growth in receivables mean?

The reason for the increase in receivables may be advances not paid on time, the cost of services and goods. The more partners and clients delay the moment of repayment, the higher the repayment amount becomes. Therefore, the growth of budget arrears according to this indicator is largely a negative factor.

This means that the supply agreement in your organization is drawn up incorrectly, since it does not fully realize your interests. Also indirect reasons for this may be:

• late payment for services and goods;
• no advance transfer;
• non-refund of travel prepayments, etc.

The consequences of increasing accounts receivable are negative. This is primarily due to a decrease in the solvency of the enterprise, since in order to repay its own loans and maintain the functionality of the system, it is necessary to withdraw funds from circulation. If the level of credit debts rises to a critical level, the company may be on the verge of bankruptcy.

Receivables include funds not yet credited to the company's account

There are other negative consequences from the growth of remote sensing:

• deterioration of credit confidence in the enterprise;
• decreased investment attractiveness;
• loss of partners and potential clients, etc.

For these reasons, at the first manifestations of an increase in PD, it is necessary to quickly take measures to solve problem situations in order to prevent negative consequences. If the deterioration of the situation is detected in a timely manner and counteractions are immediately taken, their effectiveness increases significantly. With the slightest delay, correction will require much more effort and expense.

What does the decrease indicate?

Based on the above information, it can be concluded that the reduction in total accounts receivable is a positive development for the company. This is due to the fact that the influx of financial resources into the organization’s budget increases, so the overall size of the loan balance decreases.

With this order of things, the investment attractiveness of the enterprise becomes greater, as does credit trust, since investors are confident in the solvency of the company. Thanks to this, the business continues to grow without withdrawing funds from the general turnover. In the long term, a decrease in receivables leads to an increase in enterprise income.

Receivables analysis

The main method of control is the ratio of sales to sales. It is calculated using the D/P formula, where “D” is the amount of receivables, and “P” is the amount of sales. This indicator allows you to determine a safe level, exceeding which can lead to difficulties in receiving money from your partners. The receivables mark should not cross this threshold.

Analysis and calculations should only be carried out by a professional with sufficient experience and quality of training. The well-being and competitiveness of an enterprise largely depends on the correct definition and control of financial flows, so allowing such important work an amateur is not allowed.

Debt analysis must be carried out in accordance with established rules

Accounts payable

KZ is a kind of opposite of DZ. It shows all of your company's outstanding payments to contractors. This may include:

• housing and communal services;
• salary arrears;
• credit penalties;
• fines, state duties, taxes;
• mandatory contributions to the authorized capital of the organization by persons having a share;
• obligations to shareholders;
• retained earnings;
• outstanding payments to suppliers of services or products.

The coefficient of increase or decrease of KZ reflects the real state of affairs in the organization. For ease of tracking and control, the company's accountants record each transaction in the reporting documentation, recording the cash flow with transactions. Each of them corresponds to a specific financial action. You can quickly and easily find them necessary information and make the necessary calculations.

The reasons for the growth of the creditor may be:

1. Increase in remote sensing.
2. Disproportionately high obligations assumed by the company, which it cannot cope with.
3. The assets are not owned by the company and the debts are mounting.
4. Bad marketing job.

If accountants carefully analyze financial flows, marketers work efficiently, then the cost ratio almost always remains within reasonable limits, and the company is doing well. The consequences of improper work by specialists in this area lead to serious problems, so you should be as careful as possible about your obligations to creditors.

An organization's debts to other persons form accounts payable

How does an increase in short circuit affect

An increase in accounts payable, as in the case of accounts receivable, leads to a weakening of the enterprise’s economy. This is due to the increased credit burden on the budget, which the company is unable to cope with. If you fail to pay off your debts on time, many negative consequences arise, the main of which are:

1. Statements of claim from counterparties (FSSP, management company, lessors, partners, etc.), which lead to confiscation of property and seizure of accounts.
2. A decrease in investment attractiveness, which causes an outflow of financial investments.
3. Decline in the authority of the enterprise and a negative reputation, which provokes a decrease in demand and turnover.

To avoid these problems, it is recommended to take measures to eliminate debts at the first sign of a deterioration in the situation. However, it is even more important to carry out prevention, regularly test the success and efficiency of work in this area, and also in no case be late in payments. With a competent approach, high-quality implementation of its work by the accounting department and control by management, the company will be able to avoid difficulties with the budget balance.

How does reducing short circuit affect

The answer to this question is simple: reducing accounts payable has the opposite effect compared to increasing this indicator. If the amount of short circuit decreases, this indicates financial well-being company and its solvency. Due to this, the interest of third-party investors and creditors in the enterprise increases, since they see potential in the company and are ready to invest heavily.

When a company is able to reduce its debts by paying them on time, it gains a positive reputation and status. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce obligations to creditors to a safe level so that the economic position of the organization is at a good level.

If the company does not have the opportunity to keep a permanent accountant on staff, you can use the services of private individual specialists or agencies engaged in this type of activity. This will allow you to save a lot on an employee’s salary, since one-time work will cost the company less.

The growth and decline of the creditor indicates the financial condition of the enterprise

How to analyze a creditor

Before calculating the debts under the contract and the rate of their changes, it is necessary to calculate the turnover. This is done using the B/K formula, where “B” is the revenue received by the company, and “K” is the loan balance. Based on the results, conclusions can be drawn and measures necessary to improve the situation can be taken. Of course, the calculations in reality are much more complicated, so only an experienced accountant can carry them out without errors; beginners often make mistakes due to inattention or lack of practice in such calculations.

Thanks to this, specialists working in the company can find out how effective or failed the actions to solve debt problems were. If accounts payable were reduced, the result is positive. And if the indicator continues to increase or remains at the same level, then it is necessary to reconsider your approach and change something in the economic policy of the organization.

Bottom line

Accounts payable and receivable are the two most important parameters that make up the balance sheet and budget of an organization. These indicators clearly demonstrate the state of affairs in the company, and also help to identify management errors, redistribute financial flows, create a reputation, etc.

If you correctly and competently analyze the debt and debt obligations and take the necessary measures to control them, then both types of debts will remain at the required level. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly increase interest in the enterprise on the part of investors and creditors, which leads to new financial injections and increased profitability.

However, professional accountants with sufficient experience and qualifications must be involved in calculations, analysis and maintenance of balance sheets. It is unacceptable to make mistakes in records and calculations, because this negatively affects the company’s budget. The more serious the error in calculations, the more negative the consequences for the economic component of the company.

Accounts payable debt represents a certain debt of a subject (enterprise or individual) to other organizations or persons, which this subject must repay. At the same time, creditor debt, as usual, appears if the date of receipt of goods, services or work does not coincide with their actual date of payment.

Instructions

1. Reduce accounts payable debt allowed in several ways. Negotiate with your creditors to reach some kind of agreement with them (say, discuss a deferred payment plan).

2. Determine the property that you can sell to pay off the debt.

3. Use every opportunity to attract new investors.

4. Create an inventory system for suspicious debts. In this case, when completing contracts, the company expects timely receipt of the necessary payments. Such a system will allow you to create sources to cover losses, as well as have a particularly realistic comparison of the company’s own financial condition.

5. Develop a vigorous system for collecting payments. This section of working with debtors implies the following processes: carry out the necessary procedures for interacting with your debtors in case of violation of payment terms, determine and introduce an appropriate system for punishing negligent counterparties.

6. Increase the size of the authorized capital through additional contributions from the company participants themselves or contributions from third parties. To do this, draw up a special protocol on increasing the authorized capital (it must determine the total cost of all additional contributions).

7. Replace the debtor in the obligation (translate debt). The current law provides for the possibility of transferring the debt to another person. In this case, the enterprise that is the original debtor withdraws from the present obligation, and some new debtor takes its place. As usual, to a new debtor debt passes in full.

8. In order to make a transfer, the creditor must express his consent in writing. This is done by signing an agreement or contract confirming the transfer of length.

In order to improve the financial condition of an enterprise, it is necessary to continuously monitor accounts payable and regularly monitor their ratio and quality. How to reduce a company's accounts payable?

Instructions

1. It is necessary to find ways and methods that will reduce the amount of debt of the enterprise. To avoid the formation of unjustified accounts payable, accounts receivable must be managed positively.

2. Before everyone else, control the turnover of funds in settlements. Since the acceleration of turnover in dynamics is a positive tendency.

3. In order to reduce receivables and, accordingly, payables of clients and customers, select possible clients and determine the payment details for goods that are provided for in agreements and contracts.

4. Carry out the selection using informal criteria: the level of the customer’s current solvency, compliance with payment discipline, forecast financial probabilities, financial and economic probabilities of the enterprise, etc.

5. For continuous customers, provide shipment of goods on loan. Set a small discount when paying in the first days of the loan term. And in case of non-payment in a timely manner, set a fine, the amount of which will grow every day.

6. Rank the accounts payable by each period of origin, possibly broken down by month. Continuously monitor bad debts to create the required reserves. Such measures will help to significantly reduce the level of debt at the enterprise.

7. To reduce accounts receivable, continuously work with debtors. Send them letters, call them, sell their debt to other organizations. This method will reduce your accounts payable.

8. Continuously review both accounts receivable and accounts payable tier. Set a skeptical debt tier. If it is exceeded, carefully check all payment documents without fail. Make a control sample from the remaining documents. Check their validity. Send messages to counterparties asking them to verify these documents.

9. Build analytical control in such a way as to ensure the acquisition of data on repayment periods, the formation of arrears, the availability of bills, etc. This will prevent the appearance of unjustified debt.

Attracting borrowed capital invariably leads to the need to evaluate and calculate the performance of the chosen financing method. A high share of debt affects the decrease in the financial stability and solvency of the organization, however, if this debt was formed as a result of the relationship between contractor and contractor, then this makes it possible for the organization to use the money while there are debts without paying interest. This is much more profitable than taking out a loan from a bank.

You will need

• – budgeting;
• – conducting a review.

Instructions

1. A lot of different factors affect the amount of assets and liabilities of an enterprise. The direct impact on accounts payable is exerted by: the metamorphosis of revenue and sales proceeds; metamorphosis of prices for products, services and materials; metamorphosis of settlements with debtors. Effective management of an enterprise's accounts payable is permissible only if a system of indicators is developed that characterize the assessment of relations with the enterprise's creditors, as well as budgeting. Debt can be optimized with the help of a review of the compliance of actual indicators and a review of the reasons for the deviations that have arisen.

2. A set of measures should also be developed to bring the accounts payable into compliance with the plan. The indicator of an organization's dependence on accounts payable is calculated as the ratio of the total amount of borrowed funds to the total assets of the enterprise and shows the extent to which the organization's assets are formed from accounts payable.

3. Debt balance is defined as the ratio of the amount of accounts payable to accounts receivable, and is compiled taking into account the timing of both types of debt. The desired level of correlation depends on the enterprise strategy, which can be moderate, hostile or conservative.

4. Accounts payable are calculated taking into account data on overdue debts. It is necessary to clarify with debtors how and when they plan to repay their debts. Check whether the composition of contractors and mutual settlement data have changed, which usually lead to a slowdown or acceleration of accounts payable turnover.

5. Clarify whether there is an overdue debt to extra-budgetary and budgetary funds. In general, these data will show a complete picture of the company's accounts payable. In addition, it is advisable to check the state of the enterprise’s reserves for the presence of a shortage or excess of reserves in comparison with the required need and eliminate them in the planning period.

6. An enterprise is obliged to repay accounts payable, regardless of whether it receives funds from its debtors on a timely basis. A review of clients and contractors should be carried out separately, and it is also necessary to divide the debt that arose in the last month and the debt that has remained idle for six months.

7. It is necessary to take settlements with clients and see how much of the total amount has not been repaid within 6 months; in addition, they have, perhaps, carried out shipments of manufactured products recently. All this should be taken into account. A review of the data will indicate that for such enterprises it is necessary to draw up reconciliation acts and offset acts.

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Pay attention!
Accounts payable are considered as temporary funds attracted into the cycle, and they need to be calculated easily by counterparties.

Useful advice
Inventories, capital, long-term liabilities and short-term accounts payable often change, however, it is possible to increase inventories and capital by using the revenue that was received in the planning period.

Accounts payable are the debts of an organization to other organizations, employees and persons that arise in the course of various facts economic activity.

Accounts payable are divided into short-term or long-term accounts payable (long-term and short-term liabilities).

Long-term accounts payable include:

Long-term bank loans used for long-term capital investments: for the purchase of expensive equipment, construction of buildings, modernization of production;

Long-term loans, reflecting long-term loans (except for bank loans) and other borrowed funds for a period of more than one year, including long-term bonds issued by the enterprise and long-term bills issued.

Short-term accounts payable include obligations that are covered by working capital or are repaid as a result of the formation of new short-term liabilities. These obligations are repaid over a relatively short period of time (usually within a year). Current liabilities include such items as bills and bills payable arising as a result of the provision of a loan to an enterprise, debt certificates of receipt by the company short term loan; tax debt, which is essentially a form of credit provided by the government to a given company; wage arrears; Part long-term liabilities, subject to repayment in the current period.

Accounts payable is a qualitatively better indicator than accounts receivable. In the case of accounts payable, we owe a certain amount of money to our suppliers, but in turn, we are listed as debtors in their accounts. Thus, the enterprise has a period until the critical deadline for payment and the supplier goes to court, using previously supplied but not paid for goods, works, services to obtain economic benefits and subsequently pay off with the supplier. Accounts payable are reflected in the balance sheet as a liability, that is, a source of formation of both current and non-current assets of the enterprise. It is thanks to accounts payable, which is a unique type of borrowed funds, that an enterprise is able to carry out the entire chain of operation, starting with the purchase of material resources, for example, and ending with making a profit.

The state of accounts payable characterizes settlement relationships with suppliers, the budget, workers and employees. When checking amounts related to suppliers, accepted payment documents and uninvoiced deliveries, it should be borne in mind that their value largely depends on the uniformity and volume of supplies at the end of the reporting period, the forms and payment procedure used, etc. Every enterprise and organization in its business activities conducts settlements with external and internal counterparties: suppliers and buyers, customers and contractors, tax authorities, with founders (participants), banks and other credit organizations, with their employees, other debtors and creditors.

When analyzing the state of accounts payable, it is necessary to distinguish between real and unreal (unjustified) debt.

During the analysis of accounts payable, a selection of obligations is made, the repayment terms of which occur in the reporting period, as well as deferred and overdue obligations.

The liabilities of any enterprise can be divided into two types of debt:

- “urgent” (obligations to the budget, to the bank for a loan received, to social insurance and security authorities);

- “calm” (advances received from buyers, to suppliers and contractors).

Let's consider the main items of accounts payable and the dynamics of their changes at the enterprise under study based on the data in the Appendix to the balance sheet.

Table 3.1. Analysis of the composition and structure of accounts payable

According to Table 3.1. The following conclusions can be drawn about the composition and structure of accounts payable:

1. The amount of accounts payable for 2012 compared to 2011 decreased by -10683 million Belarusian rubles. rub.

2. The amount of accounts payable to suppliers and contractors decreased by 1751 million Belarusian rubles. rub., however, the share of this type of debt increased by +1.19%. The main reasons for reducing accounts payable to suppliers and contractors are: payment under previously unpaid contracts to suppliers and contractors for work performed, goods, services rendered. The fact that the share of accounts payable to suppliers and contractors has increased is an insignificant point, since the percentage of the increase is relatively small.

3. Accounts payable to buyers and customers for 2012 compared to 2011 decreased by -8454 million Belarusian rubles. rub., the share of this debt decreased by -45.35%. This change is positive for the company. A decrease in the amount of accounts payable indicates that the company paid off most of its obligations to buyers and customers in 2012; these could be goods, works, services for which an advance payment was received in 2011 and earlier, but not fulfilled supply of goods (work, services).

4. Debt on taxes and fees for 2012 increased by +60 million Belarusian rubles. rub. This amount may indicate taxes and fees that have not yet become due, or taxes introduced in accordance with tax legislation in 2012, as well as an increase in rates on them. This may also indicate a lack of funds in the company’s current account to pay taxes, which is a negative point.

5. Accounts payable for social insurance and security for 2012 decreased by -157 million Belarusian rubles. rub. This situation could arise due to underpayment of funds for social insurance, which is a negative point, but this amount could also be accrued, but not paid due to the fact that the deadline for fulfilling obligations has not yet arrived.

6. Wage arrears for 2012 decreased by -405 million BYR. rub. This type of debt must be considered in terms of: amounts accrued in 2011 and paid to employees in 2012, reduction in amounts deposited wages, as well as due to a decrease in the number of employees, due to a decrease in accrued wages due to absenteeism, leaves without pay, deductions executive documents, deductions from guilty persons, etc. The share of payables for wages increased by +5.07% in the total amount of debt.

7. Debt to other creditors increased by +24 million BYN. rub., the share of this debt increased by +2.92%. When analyzing this accounts payable item, a more detailed analysis and information is needed about what kind of accounts payable the organization allocates to this article.

8. The amount of short-term accounts payable during the period under study decreased by -10683 million Belarusian rubles. rub., which indicates an increase in the solvency of the enterprise under study.

Also, at the enterprise under study, both in 2011 and in 2012, there were no long-term accounts payable.

When analyzing accounts payable, and in particular debts to suppliers and contractors, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of contractual relations. When concluding an agreement, the supplier and the customer (buyer) bilaterally negotiate the process of transfer of goods (services), their completeness, compliance with GOSTs and various standards, as well as methods and terms of payment. Based on these conditions, payments will be made, and the goods (work, services) will be shipped. At the enterprise under study, the delivery of goods from the supplier is carried out according to the Consignment Note.

Accounts payable - debt for settlements with creditors for goods, works and services, with subsidiaries, with workers and employees for wages, with contractors, with budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, debt for taxes and fees and with other creditors.

Accounts payable is short-term free credit provided to a company by suppliers.

The longer the deferred payment provided by suppliers, the longer the company has the opportunity to use other people's funds for free.

Accounts payable turnover ratio K to

shows how many revolutions a company requires to pay supplier invoices issued to it, and is calculated using the formula:

where K k is the accounts payable turnover ratio, times;

B-revenue, thousand rubles.

Zk - average accounts payable, thousand rubles.

Accounts payable turnover (OK) can also be calculated in days. This indicator reflects the average number of days, and shows the average period for repaying the company’s debts (excluding obligations to banks and other loans) and is calculated as the ratio of the number of days in the period and the turnover ratio

where О к - accounts payable turnover, days

D - duration of period, days

K k - accounts payable ratio, times.

Based on the data from the balance sheet, the appendix to the balance sheet and the profit and loss statement, we will calculate the turnover indicators for the enterprise under study.

Turnover ratio for 2012

Accounts payable turnover for 2011

Accounts payable turnover for 2012

Based on the data obtained, we will create a table.

Table 3.2. - Analysis of accounts payable turnover indicators

According to Table 3.2. The following conclusions can be drawn about the accounts payable turnover indicators:

1. The accounts payable turnover ratio in 2012 was 3.95, in 2011 - 3.89. The change was + 0.06 times during the reporting period. Increase this indicator means that the company pays its suppliers faster;

2. Accounts payable turnover decreased by 2 days and in 2012 amounted to 91 days. This means that on average 3 months of accounts payable remain unpaid during the reporting year. This may be due to the provision of commercial credit by suppliers or late payments to suppliers, and as a result, loss of business reputation.

Accounts payable turnover is assessed together with accounts receivable turnover. An unfavorable situation for an enterprise is when the accounts payable turnover ratio is significantly greater than the accounts receivable turnover ratio. At the enterprise under study, as of 2012, the turnover ratios of accounts receivable and accounts payable are respectively equal to 3.8 and 3.95. The excess of accounts payable is insignificant (+0.15) and does not affect the current financial condition of the enterprise.