Rare plants of the Altai region presentation. Flowers and plants of the Altai region. A Flowers and plants of the Altai region. Performed by teacher Bulygina Yu.A. Flora of Altai
Target: To develop the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work: infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work: conversation about medicinal herbs, excursion to the herbal garden and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems and riddles.
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Medicinal plants Altai Territory
Target: To develop the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work:infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work:conversation about medicinal herbs, excursion to the herbal garden and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poems and riddles.
Progress of the lesson
Children sit on chairs.
Educator: Hello guys! I walked through fields and meadows. I collected a lot medicinal plants, but I don’t know what they are called. Help me.
Chamomile grows in the meadow(Slide 1)
Horse sorrel, (Slide 2) clover, (Slide 3)
Burdock, (Slide 4) knotweed (Slide 5) and bell, (Slide 6)
Dandelion, (Slide 7) lily of the valley tail (Slide 8)
What else?
Plantain, (Slide 9) cornflowers, (Slide 10)
Nettle, (Slide 11) mint, (Slide 12) marigold. (Slide 13)
Many more different herbs
Along the paths, near the grooves.
Both beautiful and fluffy!
Colorful and fragrant.
Guys, let's play the game “Find out and tell.” The teacher turns on the multimedia projector, and the children name the plant and talk about it using a description algorithm.
The teacher complements the children’s answers and clarifies for what diseases this or that plant is used. For example: gargle with a decoction of chamomile or calendula for a sore throat; plantain leaves are applied to the wound; A soothing tea is brewed from mint. Burdock roots are brewed, and then the head is washed with the decoction in case of hair loss.
Doctor Pilyulkin appears:Hello guys! What are you doing here? (Children's answers). Well done! Do you know how to properly collect medicinal herbs? (The children answer, and Pilyulkin complements their answers).
Firstly: you need to treat medicinal herbs with care when you collect them, do not pull them out by the roots, do not knock down the flowers. We need to take care of nature.
Secondly: When collecting plants, you should not touch your face with your hands, put your hands in your mouth, or taste the leaves or roots of plants. After collection, be sure to wash your hands with soap.
Thirdly: the collected herbs must be dried, protected from direct sunlight and stored in bags or boxes in well-ventilated areas so that they retain their medicinal properties.
Are you probably tired of sitting? let's have some physical education and play.
Repeat the movements after me.
In the field I walk, raising my legs (walking in place with a high knee lift)
I'll lean closer to the flowers
I will see all their beauty,
Delicate wonderful aroma
I'm glad to feel it too! (bend over, take a few breaths through your nose)
I won’t pick flowers (straighten up, turn your head to the right - left)
Flora of Altai (flora)
Completed by: Shabanova Marina Gennadievna, teacher primary classes MBOU Sarasinskaya Secondary School, Sarasa village, Altai district, Altai Territory 2014
The flora of the Altai region is rich and diverse. The vegetation here was influenced by the geological history of the territory's development, climate, and peculiar relief. Almost all types of vegetation of northern and central Asia, Eastern Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia are found in Altai. Forests cover most of the Altai region. The only ribbon pine forests in the entire territory of Russia grow here - a unique natural formation, the likes of which are not found anywhere on our planet.
The origin of ribbon pine forests is interesting story, which is associated with the period when there was a large sea in the south of the West Siberian Lowland, the flow of water from it passed through deep hollows towards the Aral Basin. The flowing water carried sand, and when the climate warmed and the Ob flowed again into the seas of the Arctic Ocean, pine trees began to grow in the sand-filled hollows of the ancient runoff. This is how five ribbons of pine forests were formed, which stretch parallel to each other from the Ob near Barnaul in a southwestern direction towards the Irtysh and the Kulundinskaya lowland.
The woody plant world of the mountainous part of Altai is richer than on the plain. Here grow cedar-fir forests with admixtures of birch and large quantities- pine trees. This is the so-called black taiga, which is not found in other forest areas of the country. Many shrubs grow in the black taiga - raspberries, rowan berries, viburnum, currants, and bird cherry.
A very common tree in Altai is larch. Larch wood is hard and durable, retains its qualities well both in the ground and in water. Larch is a valuable building material: it is used to build houses that can last for centuries, make dams, build bridges, piers, and use it to make railway sleepers and telegraph poles. Larch forests are light and clean and resemble natural parks in which each tree grows separately.
Siberian cedar pine, cedar is a famous tree species of Altai forests. This is a mighty tree with a dark green crown and long, prickly needles. It forms dense, continuous pine forests on mountain slopes or occurs as an admixture in deciduous and fir forests.
In the forests of the Altai Territory, the most common deciduous species are birch, aspen and poplar. In the flat part of Altai, both birch and mixed groves are found everywhere - small groves of trees of these species with abundant shrubs.
There are several dozen species of shrubs growing in the region, many of which produce edible berries - raspberries, blackberries, currants, honeysuckle, blueberries, lingonberries. The mountain slopes are beautiful in early spring, covered with evergreen wild rosemary (Siberian wild rosemary, Daurian rhododendron) blooming in bright crimson-violet color.
Thickets of juniper, cinquefoil, and meadowsweet are often found. The region is famous for its abundant thickets of useful shrubs - sea buckthorn, which produces berries from which valuable products are made. medicine- sea buckthorn oil.
In taiga meadows with mountain herbs, bees collect exceptionally aromatic honey, the fame of which is known far beyond the borders of our country. In spring and early summer, the plains and slopes of the Altai mountains present a beautiful carpet of colorful flowers: bright orange lights, dark blue and pink tulips, blue bells, carnations, daisies, white and yellow buttercups.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
Project manager: V.P. Vishnivetskaya, Teacher of MBOU “Secondary School No. 88 with cadet classes”
2 slide
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3 slide
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Perennial plants with creeping and rooting stems. Distribution: Found on the border of the Altai and Soloneshensky districts (Pleshivaya). Number. There are two known localities of the species in the region. The population size is insignificant and does not exceed 100 specimens (2005 data)
4 slide
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Apparently, the species has disappeared from the territory of the region. A perennial plant 10–15 cm tall. The rhizome is turfy. The leaves are numerous, linear-lanceolate, simply pinnate, not overwintering. The petiole is green and only reddish-brown at the base. Distribution: Only one location of the species is known from the valley of the river. White (collections by M.P. Tomina, 1910), and the species has not been collected by anyone else to date
5 slide
Slide description:
Rare species. Perennial plant 5–20 cm tall. The leaves (fronds) are divided into sterile and spore-bearing parts. The sterile part is thick, hard, sessile, extending almost from the middle of the petiole, oblong, rounded at the end, simply pinnately dissected into 1–8 pairs of alternating kidney-rhombic or semilunar segments, entire outermost or bluntly serrated. Nine localities of the species are known in the region. Population size from 1000 to 5000 individuals.
6 slide
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Rare species. Perennial plant 5–15 cm high. Petioles b. or m. equal to the plate, reddish-brown, shiny, glabrous. Sterile leaves (fronds) are membranous, translucent, glabrous, oblong-ovate or oval-oblong, doubly pinnate. Number. There are three known localities of the species in the region. Population size up to 500 individuals. The largest population of the species is located in the upper reaches of the river. Sentelek and numbers about 150 individuals
7 slide
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Rare species. Perennial plant 10–40 cm tall. The rhizome is thin, creeping. Petioles equal to or longer than the blade. The leaf blades (vai) are triangular or triangular-oval, three or four times pinnate, with sparse hairs and glands underneath. Number. There are two known localities of the species in the region. Population size up to 500 individuals. The largest population of the species is located in the river valley. Shinok and numbers about 350 individuals
8 slide
Slide description:
The thallus is large (10–25 cm), broad-lobed, deeply cut. The lobes are irregularly dichotomously branched with pitted tips. The upper surface is gray-greenish to brownish, when moist, bright green, shiny, clearly reticulate-ribbed along the edges and ribs with whitish-gray sorals, often sprouting rod-shaped to spatulate isidia. The lower surface has a reticulate pattern: yellowish on the convex areas and brownish pubescent in the grooves between them. Number. There are 25 known localities of the species in the region. In the river valley Sentelek discovered about 1000 thalli more than 3 cm in diameter, growing on 148 trees.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Vulnerable species with a disjunctive range. Perennial stemless plant, glabrous with branched rhizomes. The leaves are basal, on petioles, ovate, narrowed upward, at the edges quite deep, up to about one third of the leaf blade, pinnately incised into linear-oblong long teeth. The pedicels are erect, longer than the leaves, 4–6 cm. The corolla is purple, paler at the base with a whitish spur – 4–5 mm in length. One locality of the species is known in the region. The number has not been studied, since repeated collections from the territory of the region could not be made, and what was found by I.M. Krasno-Borovoy location is currently located within the Belokurikha resort
10 slide
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An endangered species. A perennial low (5–20 cm high) plant with a powerful multi-headed woody root; stems numerous, spreading. The leaves are pair-pinnate on petioles with white membranous stipules. Leaflets, 2–5 pairs, elliptical or obovate, 4–10 mm long, 2–5 mm wide, thick, glabrous; flowers in the leaf axils, 1 on pedicels, 6–12 mm long, sepals elliptical obtuse, petals spatulate, 1.5 times longer than the calyx, rounded at the top, orange, stamens 10. Stamen scales oblong, fringed orange-red along the edge; the capsules are spherical or ovoid-spherical, with wide membranous wings, 15–35 mm in diameter. One locality of the species is known in the region. The population of the pinnate plant is very small - there are 11 individuals.
11 slide
Slide description:
Rare species. The bulbs sit several at a time on the ascending rhizome, cylindrical-conical, 1–1.2 cm in diameter, 6–8 cm long, with brown mesh shells. The stem is 20–30 cm high, round, smooth, sometimes 1/3 of the height covered with smooth leaf sheaths. Leaves number 2–4, 2–3 mm wide, linear, flat, rough along the edges, obtuse, slightly shorter than the stem. The cover is short pointed, approximately equal to an umbrella. The umbel is hemispherical or less often almost spherical, multi-flowered, dense, capitate, 1.5–2 cm in diameter. Pedicels are equal to each other, shorter than the perianth, with bracts at the base. The tepals are pink-purple, with a dark vein, shiny, 5–6 mm long, the inner ones are oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, the outer ones are almost boat-shaped, slightly shorter than the inner ones. The filaments of the stamens are slightly longer than the tepals, the outer ones are awl-shaped, the inner ones are widened at the base, and have one short tooth on each side. The style is 1.5 times longer than the tepals, the stigma is not thickened. Number. There are two known localities of the species in the region.
12 slide
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A rare species on the border of its range. Rhizomatous perennial, 10–30 cm tall. The flowers are solitary, large, up to 25 mm in diameter. The petals are bright pink, the corolla has 5–8 petals. Number. There are two known localities of the species in the region. Found in small groups - more than 4-6 individuals on an area of about 10-15 m2. The estimated number of species in the Altai Territory is up to 500 specimens.
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Slide description:
Rare species. Polycarpic short-rhizome herb 10–30 cm high, with ascending, less often erect stems, bare or sparsely hairy in the upper part. The leaves are imparipinnately compound, leaflets 7–20 mm long, 3–8 mm wide. The flowers are pale yellow, purple after flowering, collected 2–4 (5) in umbels in the leaf axils. Pods 2.5–3.5 cm long, linear, cylindrical. Propagation by seeds. Curtain-forming polyph Number. Nine localities of the species are known in the region. Population sizes range from 500 to 1000 individuals. it.
Slide 14
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Vulnerable species. An aquatic annual plant with a thin branched stem up to 1 m long. and more, retaining last year's fruit at its lower end. The leaves are opposite, submerged - linear, falling off early. The floating leaves are long-petiolate, ovate-rhombic, hard, serrated in the upper half, entire-edged in the lower half, 2.5–4 cm long. and 3–5 cm wide. The fruit is hard, nut-shaped, about 3 cm long. And 3.5–5 cm wide, four-horned, sometimes 2 horns are less developed than the others. There are six known localities of the species in the region. The population size is more than 10,000 individuals. The largest populations of the species are located on the lake. Kolyvanskoe (about 5000 copies) and lake. Kanonerskoye, numbering about 2000 copies.
15 slide
Slide description:
A rare species with a disjunctive range. A polycarpic short-rhizome herb 25–45 cm high, the stems and leaf petioles are pubescent with simple hairs with an admixture of glandular hairs. The stems are numerous, less often single, usually reddened, branching in the upper part. The basal and lower stem leaves are pinnate with 2 (3) pairs of leaflets, the upper pair with a terminal leaflet is larger than the others. The flowers are white, 15–25 mm in diameter, collected in loose dichasia. The nuts are wrinkled. Number. Eight localities of the species are known in the region. The total population size of the species is from 1000 to 2000 specimens.
16 slide
Slide description:
Perennial dense turf plant 10–15 cm high. The stems are numerous, with capitate glands and 1–5 flowers in an inflorescence. The basal leaves are collected in rosettes, the blades are 1/3 - 2/3 tripartite, with linear lobes, wedge-shaped narrowed into a wedge-shaped petiole, along the edges and on the surface with sparse glandular, usually capitate hairs, stem leaves 1-3, alternately spaced, small, simple, linear, sometimes with 1–2 teeth or three-dissected. The bracts are small, lanceolate or dissected to the base into 2 (3) lobes. The hypanthium is green, bell-shaped or cup-shaped, with glandular pubescence. Sepals are equal in length to the hypanthium or shorter than it, with glandular hairs on the surface and especially along the edges. Petals are elliptical, greenish-white, almost nailless, 2–3 times longer than the sepals, 4.5–6 mm long. The stamens are half as long as the petals, with yellow or purple anthers and subulate filaments. The ovary is semi-inferior, ovoid, with large stigmas. Blooms in June–July, bears fruit in August
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But unfortunately, we didn’t meet him. Take care of nature! Learn more about these and other plants.
18 slide
The Altai Mountains are located in the very center of Asia on the territory of four states: Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia. Altai is the name given to the Russian part of the mountain system.
Altai is a unique place. At the junction of natural zones, in the very center of the continent, at equal distances from the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans, nature has created an amazing land of blue lakes, high cliffs, impenetrable taiga, dry steppes and vast and rich meadows. Here the Russian Old Believers long ago mixed with the culture of Asia, here the cavalry of Genghis Khan galloped, and the pioneers looked for the way to the mysterious Shambhala. Altai is a unique mix of Asian flavor and the Slavic world, archaic and modern “in one bottle”.
The nature of Altai is equally unique. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains, completely cut by river valleys and intermountain pits. There are over 200 thousand rivers and lakes in Altai, and most of them are mountain rivers - with pure water, strong currents, steep rapids and strong drops.
The entire territory of the Altai Territory occupies a little more than 167 thousand square meters. km. And in such a relatively small space, 6 natural zones are represented at once: tundra, forest, steppe, semi-desert, subalpine and alpine zones.
In 2002, 5 natural sites in Altai were included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List.
Flora of Altai
The originality of the flora of Altai is due to the extraordinary relief, special climatic conditions and features of historical development. Almost all plants characteristic of northern and central Asia and the European part of Russia are represented here.
One of the most famous wonders of Altai is the ribbon pine forests. There is no such nature formation anywhere else in the world. Five years of pine forests stretch parallel to each other from the Ob to the Irtysh. Biologists explain the amazing arrangement of plants by the fact that in prehistoric times, most of Altai was occupied by the sea. Over time, the waters of the sea flowed towards the Aral Basin. And along the way, where the hollows formed, pine trees began to grow.
The second miracle of Altai is the black taiga. Here, pines grow next to firs, and mighty Siberian cedars are surrounded by curly birches. Deciduous forests are very common. Altai larch is highly valued in construction.
AND huge amount shrubs: raspberries and viburnum, blueberries and currants, rowan and bird cherry. In spring, the mountain slopes look very picturesque. Here and there thickets of honeysuckle and blueberry stretch like a continuous carpet, and evergreen marigold spreads along crimson-purple paths. Dunar rhododendrons and Siberian wild rosemary, cinquefoil and juicy sea buckthorn grow here.
The flat part of Altai abounds in tall grasses. You can often find groves - small groves where aspens, birches, poplars and maples grow. And how many flowers there are here! Sky blue bells and sapphire tulips, orange lights and snow-white daisies, sunny yellow buttercups and multi-colored carnations. It is not surprising that Altai honey is considered the most delicious in Russia.
In total, there are over two thousand plant species in the Altai Republic, of which 144 are listed in the Red Book.
Fauna of Altai
The richness of the Altai fauna is also explained by the diversity of the landscape. Golden eagles live high in the mountains, their prey being mice, gophers and marmots.
The Altai taiga regions are home to formidable wolverines and brown bears, huge moose and predatory lynxes, fluffy stoats and funny chipmunks. Squirrels fly from tree to tree, moles and hares dig holes under the trees. And in the most windfall places hides the most valuable Altai animal - the sable.
There are foxes on the plains. Wolves are also common. But most of all there are jerboas, hamsters and several types of gophers.
Altai reservoirs are favorite habitats of muskrats and beavers. A huge number of birds live here: ducks and snipes, teals and gray geese, cranes and gulls. During their flights, swans and northern geese stop in the swamps and lakes of Altai.
But there are few reptiles in Altai. The most poisonous is the copperhead snake, and the largest is the patterned snake, reaching a length of 1 meter. There are unusual viviparous lizards, and quite a few vipers - steppe and common.
Lakes and rivers are famous for their abundance of fish. In the rivers they catch perch, gudgeon, and ruff. The most important river in Altai is the Ob, where pike perch, sterlet and bream are found. And on the Altai lakes there is a good catch of pike and perch.
Climate in Altai
The climate of Altai is distinguished by its diversity and contrast. Thus, in the northern regions, summers are warm and dry, and winters are mild and with little snow. But in the mountains, summers are hotter and winters are harsher.
The coldest point of Altai is the Chui steppe. The average winter temperature is minus 32ºC. The absolute minimum was also recorded here - 62 degrees below zero. Cold regions also include the Ukok Plateau and the Kurai Basin.
Winter frosts set in at the end of November. And the snow remains until mid-April. Then a short and stormy spring gives way to a warm summer. Moreover, in the flat part, summer is hotter and drier. Already at the end of August, the time of leaf fall and cool winds begins. Autumn fully comes into its own by the beginning of September.
But Chemal, Kyzyl-ozek, Bele and Yaylyu are considered warm regions of Altai. In winter, temperatures rarely drop below minus 10ºC. This is explained by the fact that these areas are located near Lake Teletskoye and foehns - dry and warm winds - often blow here.
