A. pleshakov s. Pleshakov travel encyclopedia. countries of the world. book for primary school students. Pleshakov. Encyclopedia of travel. Book for students OCD classes world travel encyclopedia

Travel Encyclopedia. The book invites readers to different countries to tell and show how interesting and unique any corner of the Earth is! Travel, imaginary or real, is one of the most better ways knowledge of the world. The book will help prepare for the journey, take readers to many wonderful places, and offer interesting tasks after the trip. "Encyclopedia of travel" is addressed to younger students. It is designed to work in the lessons on the subject "The world around" and extracurricular activities, for independent reading by the child at home and joint activities with adults.

Encyclopedia of travel. Countries of the world. Pleshakov A.A., Pleshakov S.A.

Description of the tutorial

Good luck!
There are more than 200 countries in the world. Where would you like to go? We have chosen five countries and will make five trips. Only five. But they say that in one trip, even if it lasts only a week, you can get more knowledge and impressions than in a few months of ordinary life. Well, let's check it out!
Of the countries we have chosen, Hungary is the closest. By plane from Moscow to Budapest, the capital of Hungary, you can fly in 2 hours and 45 minutes. That's where we'll go first. Then we will visit Austria. The flight from Moscow to Vienna, the capital of this country, will take 3 hours.
Our next trip is to Greece. You can fly to Athens, the capital of Greece, from Moscow in 4 hours and 20 minutes. And then we will go to the United Arab Emirates. It takes about 5 hours to fly there from Moscow.
And finally, we will visit Argentina. It takes at least 20 hours to get from Moscow to the capital of Argentina, the city of Buenos Aires!
Traveling is better with those you love. A very friendly family will visit all countries with us: | Seryozha, his sister Nadia, their father and mother. Seryozha and Nadia's father is an artist, and their mother works in a botanical garden.
So, the travel plan is made. An inquisitive team. Good luck!
Parliament building in Budapest
Once upon a time, schoolchildren wrote in their notebooks with a fountain pen, and the ink was not in a bottle. What a hassle! With this ink! Often blots were planted in notebooks, and sometimes ink was completely spilled by negligence. And then a pen appeared, with which you could write for a long, long time and without
any
ink! It was a ballpoint pen. A rod with a special paste and a ball at the end was inserted into it. The Hungarian inventor Laszlo Byro came up with such a pen. Therefore, Hungary can be considered the birthplace of the ballpoint pen. What else is great about Hungary? To find out, let's go on our first trip!
Considering the visiting card of Hungary
We study the "personal data" of Hungary
Full name: Republic of Hungary. Capital: Budapest. Head of State: President. Official language: Hungarian. Currency unit: forint.
Learn polite words used by Hungarians
(Getting familiar with the safety rules
Traveling in Hungary is not fraught with special dangers. However, you need to remember that even in a safe country, you need to carefully monitor the safety of your wallet and documents. Items should not be left unattended, especially cameras, camcorders and mobile phones. The usual safety rules must be observed on the streets and roads. When visiting the famous Hungarian baths, one must remember that the water in some pools is quite hot, so caution will not hurt. Of course, when swimming, you must follow the generally accepted rules of behavior on the water.
Hungary is a small country located in Central Europe. Hungary's neighbors are 7 countries: Slovakia in the north, Ukraine in the northeast, Romania in the east, Croatia and Serbia in the south, Austria and Slovenia in the west. Hungary has no access to the sea.
The capital of Hungary is a very beautiful city of Budapest, located on the Danube River. This is the largest city in the country. The top five largest Hungarian cities also include Döbrecen, Miskolc, Szeged and Pecs. The Magyars (as the Hungarians themselves call themselves) settled on the territory of present-day Hungary in the 9th century. The Magyars were not the first inhabitants of these lands, long before them the Celtic tribes lived here, and then the Romans.
For many centuries Hungary was ruled by kings. The Hungarians especially revere King Matthias, who lived in the 15th century. He was a wise ruler, a talented commander, patron of scientists and artists. During the years of his reign, Hungary became a powerful kingdom where science and art flourished. The first printed book in Hungary was published, which was called the Chronicle of the Hungarians.
From 1867 to 1918 Hungary was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the 20th century, the country experienced many events, both difficult, tragic, and joyful. A huge role in the history of Hungary was played by its liberation from the Nazis by Soviet troops in 1945. Modern? The Hungarian Republic was proclaimed in 1989.
And now let's look into the history of the Hungarian capital - Budapest.
Two thousand years ago, in its place was the ancient Roman city of Akvink (Akvinkum). Its ruins were discovered during excavations by archaeologists. Now you can walk along the streets of the ancient city and see the ruins of many buildings: houses, temples, shops, baths.
Ruins of Aquincas
Later, the cities of Buda and Pest arose. They settled on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda - on the right, mountainous bank, Pest - on the left, flat. In 1873, these independent cities were united. The cities were connected, their names were also connected. So Buda and Pest became Budapest.
The flag of Hungary consists of three horizontal stripes: red, white and green. The meaning of the colors of the Hungarian flag is explained as follows. The red color symbolizes the struggle for the freedom and independence of the country. White color - the purity and nobility of the thoughts of the people, their loyalty to their homeland. Green means hope for a better future for Hungary.
The coat of arms of Hungary is a shield topped with a royal crown. The crown recalls the past of the country, which, as we already know, was a kingdom for many centuries. The cross on the shield speaks of the Christian faith of the people. The green hills at the bottom of the coat of arms symbolize the mountains of the country, and the silver stripes on the left - the rivers.

Encyclopedia of travel. Countries of the world.

Encyclopedia of travel. Countries of the world.
This is the book that will take the reader out of a stuffy room into an extraordinary multifaceted world. Other cities and countries. Who Invented the Ballpoint Pen? Where did Sirtaki dance for the first time? Because knowing everything about everything is interesting. Thus, the encyclopedia will answer many questions. Exciting journeys await those who open the book and immerse themselves in its reading. Primarily intended for children of primary school age, it will be equally interesting for adults. Learn interesting facts about famous cities, explore the nature, architecture, life and culture of the peoples of many countries. Spend time usefully gaining new knowledge - all this can be done without sitting at the computer, but leafing through a wonderful publication.
The information hidden on the pages of the encyclopedia will help you get ready for a trip and not be caught off guard in an unfamiliar place. Imaginary or real visits to the most famous parks and cathedrals, squares and homes, zoos and museums are always interesting. Colorful excursions around the world are waiting for their little reader.

Description

Line UMK "Pleshakov A.A. The world. (Grades 1-4) (School of Russia)" Line of the teaching staff "Pleshakov A.A. The world. (Grades 1-4) (Perspective) Traveling, imaginary or real, is one of the best ways to experience the world. The book "Encyclopedia of travel. Countries of the World” tells about some countries of the world, their natural and cultural sights, the life of peoples, cultivates respect for the material and spiritual values of mankind. There are more than 200 countries in the world. We have chosen five countries and will make five trips. Only five. But they say that in one trip, even if it lasts only a week, you can get more knowledge and impressions than in a few months of ordinary life. Traveling is better with those you love. A very friendly family will visit all countries with us: Seryozha, his sister Nadia, their father and mother. "Encyclopedia of travel" is addressed to younger students. It is designed to work in the lessons on the subject "The world around" and extracurricular activities, for independent reading of the child at home and joint classes with adults.

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S. A. Pleshakov

What country can be considered the birthplace of a ballpoint pen? Where is the tallest building in the world located? Who invented the famous sirtaki dance? These and many other questions will be answered by the Encyclopedia of Travel. The book invites readers to different countries to tell and show how interesting and unique any corner of the Earth! Traveling, imaginary or real, is one of the best ways to experience the world. The book will help prepare for the journey, take readers to many wonderful places, and offer interesting tasks after the trip. "Encyclopedia of travel" is addressed to younger students. It is designed to work in the lessons on the subject "World around" and extracurricular activities, for independent reading by a child at home and joint activities with adults.... Further

Yu. K. Shkolnik

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Italy is one of the most romantic and visited countries in the world. Every corner of this country is unique and unique. Italy is a muse for artists and poets, its air is saturated with an atmosphere of creativity and freedom. Italy is a country-museum that carefully preserves the traces of the mighty Roman Empire and numerous cultural traditions. Contemplating the dilapidated, but still majestic Colosseum, stained with the blood of thousands of gladiators, looking at the magnificent buildings of the Vatican, traveling through the canals of Venice or seeing any other sights of Italy, you do not feel the need to return to the mortal world with its faceless buildings and frantic pace of life. This book contains all the most interesting things about this country - from architectural monuments to national cuisine.... Further
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We live in a country that is unique not only because of its huge size, but also because of its nature and amazing variety of landscapes. There are the highest mountain peaks, majestic waterfalls, the deepest and most picturesque lakes, grandiose caves, formidable volcanoes and impenetrable forests. The author of this book, N.N. Petrova is a professional geographer, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, head of the laboratory of didactics of geography of the Institute of Content and Teaching Methods of the Russian Academy of Education.... Further

Great Britain is an island state in the northwest of Europe, consisting of four "historical provinces": England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is the successor of the British Empire, the largest in history and existed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Further
This country is one of the most influential countries in the world. Ancient universities, haunted family castles, famous English pubs, the royal family, which is considered a source of pride and partial interest of the British - all this cannot leave indifferent any person interested in the life of Great Britain. ... Further
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Spain is one of the world's largest tourism centers. Tens of millions of tourists visit this amazing country every year. A country located on the Iberian Peninsula, Spain is a state with ancient history, distinctive cultural traditions and vibrant modern life. Flamenco music and dancing, bullfights, lots of sun and fantastic beaches... In fact, Spain is famous for more than just that. Spain has been the cultural center of Europe for many centuries. In this country, a large number of monuments from the times of the Celts, Goths, Romans and Moors have been preserved. This is a country of beautiful cities, the best museums in the world, ancient monuments, roads laid by the Romans and an extraordinary variety of landscapes. This book contains all the most interesting things about this country - from architectural monuments to national cuisine.... Further
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ISBN 978-5-4493-1782-7

Created with the intelligent publishing system Ridero

OUR ASTRONOMIC ADDRESS

Each of us knows our address. House, street, city, country, finally, planet Earth. Our planet rotates at a distance of one astronomical unit, equal to 149,597,870 km. around the star Sun in the solar system.

Light travels this distance in 8 minutes and 20 seconds. In a year, light travels 63,241.126 astronomical units or ≈ 9,460,528,447,488 km. In the vast universe, the solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy in the arm of Orion at a vast distance of 26,000 light-years from the center. And along with another 200 billion stars revolves around the center of the galaxy.

Our neighbors - the Andromeda Galaxy, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, together with our galaxy are part of the Virgo supercluster of galaxies, covering space for about 200 million light years, and numbering about thirty thousand galaxies.

Planet Earth - the third planet from the Sun has 6 continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North and South America On 5 of them (except Antarctica) there are 251 countries and a population of more than 7.55 billion people.

World map

EUROPE

GREAT BRITAIN

Territory (78 in the world) - 243809 km2. Population (22 in the world) - 63,395,000 people. Official language- English.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is located on the islands of the British Archipelago in northern Europe. And also: in the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, in the Hebrides, Shetland, Orkney Islands and Anglesey, Arran, Wyatt in the Atlantic Ocean.

The United Kingdom is washed by the North, Irish, Celtic and Hebrides seas. In the southeast, the English Channel (35 km) separates it from France. We often refer to Great Britain as England, but England is only part of the United Kingdom. It also includes Scotland in the north, Wales in the west of the British archipelago and Northern Ireland.

The form of government is a parliamentary monarchy. The queen hosts parades, arranges balls, is a symbol of the state. The country is governed by a prime minister and a parliament. Great Britain is a big country. Here are high mountains (Ben Nevis 1344m), Ben - Makdi (1309m), and large rivers: Severn, Thames, Trent, and large lakes: Doh Ney, Loch Ness (in which Nessie the dinosaur is said to live). There are Royal Forests with huge old trees of oaks, birches and other hardwoods. There are pine groves and plantations, grassy pastures and heather-covered hills. Roe deer and deer, raccoons and foxes, otters, ermines and weasels, many birds and fish in coastal waters live here. But most of all in the Kingdom of rabbits and gray hares. The weather in the UK is foggy and rainy, but warm thanks to the Gulf Stream ocean current.

Since ancient times, people settled on this land and built cities. But the legions of the Roman Empire came and took over Britain, making it their province. For a long 400 years, Rome ruled it, but fell after the invasion of the Germanic and Anglo-Saxon tribes. Then the British lands united and formed the Kingdom of England. The British built a mighty fleet and went across all the seas and oceans to populate new lands and conquer colonies for themselves. They began to rule India and Australia, America and South Africa. This is how the British Empire was born. Then England and Scotland united and called themselves Great Britain. Ireland joined them. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed. The British Empire owned many overseas colonies and fought with many countries. By our time, many colonies have become independent states, but Great Britain is still one of the most powerful countries in the world.

Its capital is London

London has stood on the River Thames for centuries. Neither fires nor plague epidemics could destroy it. It has never been captured by the enemy. There are many ancient castles, palaces and cathedrals in London. Among them: the Palace of Westminster - over 900 years is the home of the British government, Buckingham Palace - the residence of monarchs, Westminster Abbey - a Gothic church, built intermittently for about 500 years since 1245, St. Paul's Cathedral - a cathedral, the residence of the bishop, Tower Bridge - drawbridge the bridge - a symbol of London, Trafalgar Square - built in honor of the victory over France in 1805, Piccadilly Circus - the center of London. There are a lot of museums, beautiful modern buildings, parks and squares.

Great Britain is the birthplace of great scientists: Newton, Darwin, Faraday. Writers: Swift (author of stories about Gulliver), Defoe (who wrote a book about Robinson Crusoe), Shakespeare (Hamlet). Composers: Bird, Purcell, Sullivan. Artists: Constable, Blake, Palmer.

Did you know that the most queens ruling the country were in Great Britain? That "Big Ben" This is not the name of a tall clock tower, but the name of a huge bell inside it. That it rarely snows in London in winter? This is a whole event. Residents drop everything and run outside to make snowmen and ride slides on air mattresses. That all the swans on the River Thames are legally the property of the Queen?

G E R M A N I A

Territory (62 in the world) - 357,021 km2. Population (16 in the world) - 80,523,000 people. The official language is German.

The Federal Republic of Germany is located in the center of Europe. This is a big country. It is governed by Parliament and the Chancellor. In the north of Germany there is a plain, and in the south there are mountains of the Alps. The highest mountain is called the Zugspitze. Its height is 2962 meters. Many rivers flow through Germany. The largest of them are the Rhine, Danube, Elbe and Oder. There are lakes. The largest is Constance. The weather changes frequently. A sunny day can suddenly turn cold. In the north of the country the climate is maritime, in the south it is temperate continental. But there is no severe frost and heat. Forests are found only on the slopes of the mountains. Spruces, pines, beech grow in the forests. There are a lot of flowers and cultivated plants on the plains.

Animals of Germany are wild boars, foxes, red deer, roe deer, fallow deer, squirrels and hares, marmots and otters. There are many ducks, geese, marsh and small birds near the water, there are storks. About 70 species of fish are found in German water bodies. These are mainly cyprinids, as well as eel, salmon and herring.

Even in ancient times, warlike tribes lived on the territory of Germany. The Romans called them barbarians. In 476, the barbarians conquered the Roman Empire and created the Frankish Empire, led by Charlemagne. Germany together with Italy became part of it. In 962, the Holy Roman Empire was founded by King Otto I the Great. It was to become the successor to the Ancient Roman Empire and the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne. For many centuries the Holy Roman Empire was the center of Western Christendom. Since 1512, it has become known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

Germany went from medieval fragmentation and peasant wars, through the renaissance to the emergence of the Kingdom of Prussia. As a result of wars with the French Emperor Napoleon in 1806, the Holy Roman Empire fell. In its place, the Confederation of the Rhine was formed. Germany became an ally of Napoleon. After the defeat of Napoleon, the Confederation of the Rhine ceased to exist. In the 19th century, the German lands united to form the German Empire.

The German Empire began to seize the colonies. By the start of World War I in 1914, Germany had the most powerful army in the world. But in 1918 she was defeated by Russia, England, France and America. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and the Weimar Republic was proclaimed. After revolutionary uprisings and a change of governments in 1933, Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Party of Fascists came to power.

The regime of government of the Nazis was called the Third Reich. Year after year Hitler increased his terror and dictatorship. Physically destroyed all his opponents. In 1939, Germany unleashed the Second World War. Second World War is a great tragedy for all mankind. 61 states participated in it. Thousands of cities and villages were destroyed. 54 million people died. 90 million were crippled. At the cost of enormous efforts and sacrifices, the alliance of Russia, Britain and the United States managed to defeat fascism. On May 9, 1945, Germany capitulated. On May 23, 1945, the German Empire ceased to exist. The history of the formation and unification of post-war Germany is a history of democratic transformation and an amazing economic recovery. Germany again took the leading place among the countries of the world. All cities in Germany are stunningly beautiful, but the official capital is Berlin.

Berlin is the second largest city in Europe after London. Berlin is a very green city. It has a huge number of parks, squares, groves, rivers and canals. The Tiergarten Park and the Botanical Garden are Berliners' favorite vacation spots. Magnificent buildings adorn Berlin. These are the Reichstag on Republic Square, the German State Opera, the Humboldt University, the Museum of German History, Bebelplatz Square and St. Hedwig's Cathedral. Lots of theaters, art galleries. Interesting fact. There are more than a hundred in the world settlements with the name Berlin!

Germany is a country that gave the world great thinkers: Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer. brilliant writers: Sebastian Brant, Bertolt Brecht, Goethe, Schiller, Feuchtwanger. Composers: Bach, Wagner, Abel, Beethoven, Brahms, Handel. Scientists and inventors: Gauss, Geiger, Heisenberg, Kepler, Leibniz, Ohm, Plnk, Roentgen, Schliemann, Einstein. Artists: Altdorfer Albrecht, Grunewald Matthias, Dürer, Rubens.

FRANCE

Territory (48th in the world) - 674,685 km2. Population (21 in the world) - 65,951,000 people. The official language is French.

The head of the French Republic is the President. The head of government is the prime minister. Laws are approved by Parliament. Most of France is located in Western Europe. The state also includes the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea and more than 20 dependent territories.

France is washed by the English Channel, the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Plains and low mountains are located in the north and west of the country. Plains occupy 2/3 of the country. The rest is mountain ranges: the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Jura, the Ardennes, the Massif Central and the Vosges. The highest mountain is Mont Blanc (4807m.).

The largest rivers of the country: the Seine and its tributaries, the Garonne, the Rhone, the Loire. There are not many lakes. The largest are Bourges, Annecy and Lake Geneva. The climate in the European territory of France is moderately maritime, turning in the east into temperate continental, and on the south coast into subtropical. Summer is hot and dry +25 degrees C, rainy in winter +7 -8 degrees C.

Forests cover a third of the country's territory. Hazel, birch, oak grow in the north. spruce and cork tree. On the Mediterranean coast - palm trees and citrus fruits. France has many vineyards. Among the animal world, deer, fox, roe deer, wild boar stand out. Lots of birds, including migratory ones. Reptiles are rare, among the snakes there is one poisonous viper. Many types of fish in the waters of the seas and rivers. Mackerel, hake, flounder, herring, tuna, cod, sardine.

In ancient times, the Celtic tribes of the Gauls lived in France. As a result of the Gallic War of Julius Caesar, in the 1st century BC, France became part of the Roman Empire as the province of Gaul. In 486 Gaul was conquered by the Germanic tribes of the Franks. The Frankish state was formed. In the X century, the country began to be called France.

The following times are notable for the Crusades, the Wars of Religion, and the Hundred Years' War with England. It began in 1337 and ended, with the participation of Joan of Arc, with the surrender of the British. By the reign of Louis XI in 1461-1483, France turns into absolute monarchy. Subsequently, France fought with Spain for control of Italy. In 1572, religious wars between Catholics and Protestants culminated in the St. Bartholomew night of the massacre of Protestants in Paris. Then the Protestants were given equal rights. Thirty Years' War with the Swedes. When the country was ruled by the minister of King Louis XIII, Cardinal Richelieu (familiar to us from the book "The Three Musketeers"). Then the reign of the king - the sun of Louis XIV, the uprising of the city's lower classes - the Fronde, against Mazarin and the Queen Mother Anne of Austria. The war with Spain, the Dutch war, Again the persecution of the Protestants. Reign of Louis XV from 1715 to 1774. In 1789 - the Great French Revolution. The overthrow of the monarchy. First Republic. Jacobin terror. The capture of the Netherlands, Venice and a campaign against Egypt. In 1799 Napoleon becomes emperor. Conquer Europe by military means. Trip to Russia. Defeat and flight of Napoleon to France. 1815 - Battle of Waterloo, defeat of Napoleon and his capture on the island of St. Helena. Then the restoration of royal power. Second Republic. Second Empire - Napoleon III. Third Republic. 1870 - 1871 war with Prussia. Parisian commune. 1914 - World War I. 1939-1945-Second World War. France fought against Germany in both wars. Fourth Republic. And in 1958 the Fifth Republic. Charles de Gaulle was elected president. The French colonies declared independence. And finally, joining the European Union. The capital of France is Paris.

Paris was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Celtic tribe of the Parisians. From III - IV century. known as the Gallo-Roman city of Parisii. Since the end of the 10th century, with interruptions, it has been the capital of France. Paris has a huge number of attractions. These include not only architectural buildings, but squares, streets, bridges and parks. Paris has 1,800 historical sites and 130 museums. The symbol of Paris is the Eiffel Tower. Also the Tour Montparnasse tower, the Sacré-Coeur Basilica, the Louvre Museum, the Tuileries Garden, Avenue Champs Elysees, the Arc de Triomphe, the Square of the Star. Large arch of Defense, military museum - Les Invalides, Pantheon. The historical center is the Ile de la Cité, Notre Dame Cathedral and Sainte-Chapelle. In the suburbs is the royal palace of Versailles. And Many modern buildings, sports and scientific centers.

Did you know that the only Disneyland in Europe is located in Paris? And that the magnificent sculpture of the Statue of Liberty was presented to the Americans by France? The whole world knows the names of great French writers and poets: Balzac, Dumas, Hugo, Molière, La Fontaine. Scientists and inventors: Eiffel, Louis Pasteur, Blaise Pascal, Montgolfier brothers, Ampère, Laplace, Lagrange. Artists: Gauguin, Degas, Monet, Renoir, Rodin. Musicians and composers: Bizet, Gounod, Debussy, Ravel. Singers and performers: Joe Dassin, Charles Aznavour, Edith Piaf, Patricia Kaas. Movie actors: Jean Marais, Jean Reno, Michel Mercier, Mylene de Monjo, Louis De Funes, Depardieu, Gabin, Bourvil. Athletes: figure skaters Natalie Nechale and Fabien Bourzat, biotlonist Simon Fourcade, speed skater Alexis Conten, football players Zinedine Zidane, Raymond Domenech, Lilian Thuram. It's impossible to list all the names. It is impossible to exaggerate the contribution of France to world culture, science and industrial production of perfumes, wines, and mechanical engineering.