Spelling of conjunctions is also a plus. Combined and separate writing of conjunctions

1. Conjunction to be written together (in one word): The editor met with the author, to agree on the changes made to the manuscript. It should be distinguished from the combination that would (pronoun and particle), in which the particle could be rearranged to another place in the sentence: That would Can you think of anything else like that?; What else could I come up with?; To no matter what happens, I will not leave him in trouble; I have no idea to he did in my place.

The following case is also possible: There is no such force that held him in place— here a permutation of the particle would be permissible and, therefore, separate writing union word and particle: There is no such force that would hold him in place.

Remember: combination through thick and thin written in six words.

2. Unions are also written together (in one word), and both unions are synonymous with the union and; Wed: You too Have you vacationed in the Caucasus? - You Also Have you vacationed in the Caucasus?- AND Have you been on holiday in the Caucasus?

Conjunctions too and should also be distinguished from combinations the same (pronoun with a particle) and the same (adverb with a particle). When combined, the same often stands for the pronoun most: Repeated daily the same. In addition, the combination the same is often followed by the conjunctive word that: Today is the same as yesterday.

The combination is also often followed by an adverb like: We decided to spend the summer the same as last year (the particle can also be omitted: We decided to spend the summer the same as last year).

Often only in a broad context can one discern the presence of a conjunction or combination in a sentence (also - the same, also - the same). Wed:

The others also shouted loudly (‘and the rest shouted loudly’).

The others shouted the same thing loudly (‘they shouted the same thing loudly’).

Teenagers also (‘and teenagers took part in the fight against the fascist occupiers’ - with an intonation pause after the word also).

Teenagers too bravely fought against the fascist occupiers(‘they fought with the same courage’ - with an intonation pause after the word bravely).

Note. The particle is also written in one word: Also my advisor!

3. Conjunctions moreover and moreover have a connecting meaning (‘in addition to this’) and are written together (in one word): The experiment was carried out successfully, and for the first time; The speech is informative and besides interesting in form.

The conjunctions “moreover” and “moreover” should be distinguished from the combinations “at what” and “at that” (pronoun with a preposition). The combination at what is used in interrogative sentences: At what is he here with his claims? The combination at that usually defines the following noun: At that publishing house There is a small printing house.

4. The conjunction is written together (in one word): The climb up the mountain here is steep, but the road is beautiful.

The conjunction, however, should be distinguished from the combination for that (pronoun with a preposition): The workers received a bonus for that that construction was completed ahead of schedule.

5. The conjunction so (meaning ‘therefore’) is written together (in one word): So, the lesson is over. It should be distinguished from the combination and so (conjunction and adverb): And so ends every time.

6. Explanatory conjunctions, that is, they are written separately (in two words): We drank as usual that is, a lot (P.); The third day, that is this week, I tell the headman...(Blind).

7. Complex unions because, since, so, in order to, whereas etc. are written separately (in two or three words): We returned from the forest very soon, because it started to rain; Because the bell rang, everyone had to hand over their notebooks to the teacher; I was sick all holidays So it was not possible to go skiing; In order to learn to swim, you must not be afraid of water; We got up early and went fishing, while our friends slept all morning.

Conjunctions are written together and separately.

1. Compound conjunctions are written separately not that, that is, at the same time, however, as if, because that, because, so that, since, as soon as, only, as if.

2. They write together complex alliances so that, but, also, also, therefore, because, therefore, and, moreover, so.

These conjunctions must be distinguished from consonant adverbs with particles ( Also), conjunctions with adverbs ( So), from pronouns with particles ( the same as), from pronouns with prepositions ( for this, for this, for what etc.).

Distinction between complex conjunctions and pronouns and adverbs with prepositions, conjunctions or particles

In order to distinguish conjunctions from words consonant with them, it is recommended to make parsing offers. At the same time, it must be remembered that a conjunction is a function word that does not answer the question of a member of the sentence and therefore is not a member of the proposal . On the contrary, pronouns and adverbs are always parts of a sentence (which means they can be asked a question).

For example: 1. Meresyev looked at the compass (For what?), to take a break(the question here is asked to the entire subordinate clause, which is separated from the main clause by the conjunction so). 2. What should I read?(Here what answers the question of addition and is a pronoun).

Let's consider several pairs of conjunctions and combinations consonant with them.

1. Unions too, also written together. In sentences they can be replaced by other conjunctions. Pronoun That and adverb So written with a particle same separately. In this case, the particle can be omitted. Next to these words you can put others : the very thing and how (the same; that; so...as).

For example: At the end of July he leaves for St. Petersburg. I also (too) I want to go there. - AND I want to go there. My brother advised me Same, as you. - Brother advised That the same as you. My friend is an excellent student; I'm studying Also. - I'm studying So like him.

2. Union to written together, and the pronoun that with the particle would is separate. In the latter case, the particle can be separated from the pronoun and moved to another place in the sentence.

For example: I want, to you read more. - To did you advise me to read? ( What you advised would should I read?).

3. Unions but, besides, and, therefore, then, why, because, because, why are written together. They must be distinguished from pronouns with prepositions, which are written separately.

For example: Expensive, but cute. - Not for that They beat a wolf because he is gray, but because he ate a sheep. (Here it is possible to replace the pronoun with other words: for this.) The girl was very pretty besides and smart. - Courses are located while(at the same time, at another) institute where I work. I met him and in the same place. - What does it have to do with(what interests) will you stay with if you spend all your money?

4. Union So written together. The conjunction and the adverb are written separately.

For example: So, the exams are over. - I made a mistake in my calculations and was so confused that I couldn’t detect it for a long time. You cannot ask a question about a conjunction, but you can ask a question about a combination (and how? so).

Exercise No. 1. Rewrite, opening the brackets, indicating the part-speech affiliation of the highlighted words.

1. 1.What(6s) No matter what they said, there’s no escape from it. (Sim.) 2.That(same) Her face also made an impression. (Cor.) 3. Was he is famous So(same) and his remarkable knowledge of combat service. (Cupr.) 4. It turned out that these people too That(same) from their division. (Sim.) 5. And (By) why but, in fact, mother could not feel That(same), what is he? (Sim.) 6. She [Masha] thought that if she fell into the hands of the Germans, she would be tortured, and she, What(would) Whatever they did to her, she must remain silent. (Sim.) 7. There were swamps and darkness, (By) that(What) the forest was old. (M.G.) 8. Only then, in my time, was there more strength and fire in a person, and (from) Togo life was more fun and better... (M.G.) 9. When the shelling began, Sintsov and Bayukov pulled the machine gun back a little from the embrasure; on yourself, What(would) a random fragment did not hit the barrel. (Cum.) 10. In a hollow, in an empty place, That(same) shells exploded. (Sim.) 11. We decided to take a taxi, What(would) Don't be late for the start of the performance. 12. At(volume) The application is accompanied by all necessary information. 13. We were in a hurry at(volume) we were still late. 14. You need to act quickly and at(this) unmistakably. 15. (AND) So, let's look at specific examples.

2. 1. He [Chelkash] gradually became carried away and instead What(would) asked the guy about the village and its affairs, and, unnoticed by himself, began to tell him. (M.G.) 2. It’s always unpleasant to see that a person whom you consider worse and lower than yourself loves or hates That(same), as are you. (M.G.) 3. He [the guy] quickly looked around and, blinking timidly, That(same) jumped up from the ground. (M.G.) 4. Malinin experienced That(same) a feeling that many people who fought in those days near Moscow had. (Sim.) 5. Bayukov could be both silent and talkative depending on (from) Togo whether he liked or disliked people. (Sim.) 6. I killed her (By) that, I think she pushed me away. (M.G.) 7. Another village ahead, as they said, then (same) taken and That(same) before it was burned. (Cum.) 8. But I never said anything like that What(would) could have been retold to his [Vadim's] detriment. (L.) 9. Weather (How) as if is improving. 10. I came What(would) talk to you. 11. (AND) So, let's start the lesson. 12. (By) that ways to go closer. 13. The excursion is short, (for) That very rich. 14. He is an educated man and (at) volume very intelligent.

3. 1. The Ossetian cab driver tirelessly drove the horses, What(would) have time to climb Koishauri Mountain before nightfall (M.Lermontov). 2. And What(would) she did nothing for What(would) no matter how accepted - everything turns out beautifully for her (I. Turgenev). 3. That’s why you’ve been given a red summer, What(b) love this meager field forever, What(b) it always seemed sweet to you (N. Nekrasov). 4. When he drove up to the rear cart, Yegorushka strained his vision, What(would) take a better look at it (A. Chekhov). 5. We had to wait for the mules What(would) no matter what (V. Arsenyev). 6. We have a wonderful chief of staff, good, fired, smoked, but, perhaps, too often thinks about What(would) come up with something so special What(would ) become a real hero (K. Simonov).

4. 1. You lived - I So(same) could live (M.Lermontov). 2. She That(same) went up to Pavel and, tightly squeezing his hand, began to cry (M.Bitter). 3. About a hundred mackerels got entangled in a net cell, but they got caught So(same) one very strange fish that I have never seen before (A.Kunrin). 4. Warm heavenly water for plants That(same) the best thing for love us (M.Prishvin). 5. be at different hours of the morning and exactly So(same) close in the evening (K. Paustovsky). 7. I decided to go alone to the swamp to guard - I went to That(same) place and everything So(same) did it like then (V. Bianchi).

Exercise No. 2. C write, explaining the combined and separate spelling of conjunctions and parts of speech homonymous to them.

1. 1. This quarrel ended with both sides, tired of quarreling, turning to my arbitration court, (at) than trying to outshout each other (D.Mamin-Sibiryak). 2. The water was warm, but not spoiled, and (at) there was a lot of it (V. Garshin). 3. There is no reference to home circumstances here. (at) how. 4. The work will be completed on time (at) provided that all necessary parts arrive in a timely manner.

2. 1. Not

\(for) then they beat the wolf because he is gray, and (for) what the sheep ate (N. Krylov). 2. He suddenly became annoyed with himself, (for) why did he spread himself so much in front of this gentleman (N. Gogol). 3. He arrived (for) in order to sell the forests and spend the summer abroad with the proceeds (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin). 4. Peasants cannot be called rebels (for) only that they did not agree to give bread for six hryvnias (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin). 5. Following (for) then he got out of bed, took the violin and began to build (L. Tolstoy). 6. And when I realized this, there really wasn’t a shadow of coquetry left in me in outfits, hairstyles, movements, but (for) then the embroidered coquetry of simplicity appeared with white threads (L. Tolstoy). 7. He felt sorry for his own, grieved over the man’s hard lot, asked yourself, (from) why God is not merciful to everyone, and I thought again (K. Stanyukovich). 8. You can’t just drive a person away (By) because you suspect him of something (A. Chekhov). 9. Ambitious, loser and (By) embittered by this (M. Gorky). 10.(From) Whether it was because this institution was located in a remote provincial town, or for other reasons, there were always few residents in it (A. Kuprin). 11.(By) it was clear to what “grandfather” said that Vitka kept his word (A. Fadeev). 12. The water in the bay has extreme salinity and density, (By) why the impacts of waves are much more crushing than in the sea (K. Paustovsky). 13. One day Varyusha woke up (from) that the sparrow was jumping on the window and knocking with its beak on window (K. Paustovsky). 14.(By) How do you judge a person’s character: by his actions, by his demeanor, or by his words? 15. (From) What is easier for you to give up: smoking or sweets? 16. (For) whatever you go, you will find (Proverb).

Scheme morphological analysis PARTICLES

Analysis scheme

1. Word in the text.

H. Classification of a particle by function (semantic; emotional-expressive; word-forming; form-building).

4. Subcategory of the particle by meaning (negative, interrogative, etc.).

5. Morphological properties of the particle.

6. Particle structure (simple/composite; derivative/non-derivative).

7. Function of a particle in the text.

Joint and separate writing of conjunctions is an easy topic. To avoid mistakes, these auxiliary parts of speech should be distinguished from other parts found in the text. Rules and examples are presented in the article.

Integrated and separate writing of conjunctions section of spelling. It is dedicated to the rules of consumption in writing of auxiliary parts of speech. They are often mistaken for combinations of pronouns and particles or other elements of language. Hence the mistakes.

Both the 1st and 2nd are created to embody the connection of homogeneous parts of speech or components of a complex sentence.

The combined and separate writing of derivative conjunctions causes particular difficulties. Functional parts of speech of this type are formed by connecting other parts. And therefore errors often appear. Derivatives conjunctions are the following types of combinations:

• two non-derivative conjunctions (and, because, supposedly);
• demonstrative word, preposition and alliance (so that, in order to);
• pronoun, preposition and word with a general meaning (until that time, while).

Thus, the combined and separate writing of conjunctions is a topic that is difficult to understand without having an idea of ​​the types of auxiliary parts of speech. Non-derivatives often found in writing (a, and, but). Derivative conjunctions are used less frequently; they are formed from other parts of speech and are written separately. There are other systematizations of unions. For example:

In the first case, we are talking about service parts that communicate between words with similar grammatical features. In the 2nd about conjunctions found in complex sentences. We will not go into more detail systematization. The combined and separate writing of conjunctions must be considered using certain examples.

It is often confused with combination particles and pronouns. Especially in this case, if this element comes after a comma, and the subordinate clause begins with it. In order to distinguish an alliance from such a combination, you should try to rearrange the particle to another place in the sentence. Examples:

1. There is no remedy to relieve his pain.
2. There is no remedy that would ease his pain.

There is an error in the first option. If the element so can be separated without loss of meaning, then this is nothing more than a combination of a pronoun and a particle. If in meaning so is equivalent to so that this is an alliance. Examples:

1. The editor invited the creator to sign a contract.
2. The director called the parents to inform them.

But the combination that occurs not only in subordinate clauses proposals. It can be found in ordinary narrative or interrogative sentence. Separate writing in similar cases is of course:

There are elements in the Russian language that can be classified into different categories. For example, it can supposedly be both a particle and a conjunction. The same can be said about let, same, as if. But there are combinations educated from two elements (as if, if, as if). They act both as a union and as a particle. They are written separately. Let's look at the use of these words with examples. Sentences in which both combined and separate spellings of conjunctions and particles occur:

1. He dreamed that he was supposedly walking along a country road and met yesterday’s stranger.
2. Only the lazy did not talk about her in the village. She was supposedly a witch and flew out of the chimney every night on a real broom.
3. He did not remember yesterday's events, as if nothing had happened.
4. We would have managed to finish what we started if you had not interfered with your advice.
5. His gaze seemed to ask: Why are you telling me about this?

Pronouns combined with a particle are written separately. And it is important not to confuse them with too and also, which are synonymous with the connecting conjunction and. The above combination is often followed by the word most. It is one of the confirmations of separate writing. Other signs are the presence of the conjunctive word that, the adverb how. For example:

1. Every day he repeated the same thing.
2. The same can be said about the author's latest book.
3. The family spent the summer the same as the previous one.
4. The teacher did the same as his colleagues.

Often, without access to the broader context, it is difficult to understand which option is correct. Examples:

1. The rest of the children began to squeal and run around the room (The other children began to do what the others did).
2. The other children also started running around the room and screaming (And the other children started running around the room and screaming).

It is also written together as a particle. For example: I’m also a professional!

Unions, however, are never written separately. They must be distinguished from combinations of pronouns and prepositions. For example: at what, in addition, for that. The combined and separate writing of prepositions and conjunctions sometimes causes certain difficulties. In order to find the correct option, you should analyze part of the sentence.
Examples:

1. The experiment was not carried out successfully, and for the first time (in addition to this).
2. This speech was informative and, at the same time, interesting.
3. What do you have to do with your claims?
4. At that enterprise there was a small printing house.
5. The excursion lasts the whole day, but it is interesting and very educational.
6. He then came to ruin the festive evening (for some purpose).
7. He came for what he had been looking for for many years.
8. Why (for what reason) do you always judge people poorly?
9. By what (what signs) do you determine changes in his mood?

Spelling errors are often caused by inability to recognize what part of speech the word belongs to. Exists union so. But there is also a combination of this in the texts. Its components are adverb and conjunction. Below are sentences in which there are combined and separate spellings of conjunctions and adverbs.

1. And so he reasoned for a very long time, until everyone heard long-awaited phrase: So, let's summarize.
2. And the meeting was going so sluggishly that he was already hoping to avoid uncomfortable questions, when suddenly the chairman’s menacing voice was heard: So, let’s return to the main topic.

As already mentioned, in a separate sentence it is sometimes difficult to understand whether the conjunction is used correctly. Separate and continuous writing in almost all cases the context determines. Sometimes a double interpretation is possible. For example:

The first sentence refers to a person who is engaged in useless occupation. In the 2nd about writing texts with little content. There are also colloquial constructions that deviate from the general rules.

What else do you need to know about the rules included in such a section of spelling as combined and separate spelling of conjunctions? The examples given above include the basic, most complex cases. But in written and spoken speech there are also conjunctions designed to clarify one of the small passages of text. These include: in other words, that is. Such conjunctions are always written separately. For example:

1. He spoke that evening as usual, that is, a lot.
2. Three days ago, in other words last week, I met this man at staircase site at a fairly late hour.

And finally, complex conjunctions in order to, because they are never written together.

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1. Conjunctions formed from other parts of speech are written together (in one word), namely: then, but, why, because, why, why, therefore, moreover, and (from prepositions and pronouns) ; too, to (from pronouns and particles); also (from adverb and Shch stitsy); so (from conjunction and adverb) and some others.

Note.

These conjunctions should be distinguished from the combinations of the above parts of speech that are consonant with them. Wed: It’s too late, but I managed to complete all the tasks. - I received money for what was done; He also (or also) arrived (with the meaning of 'and he arrived'). - He also said and He declared as loudly as the others (with the meaning of comparison); Met with a friend to deliver a letter .- Whatever happens, I will convey (when combining a pronoun and a particle, the latter can be rearranged in another place: So, whatever happens);

2. Complex conjunctions are written separately (in two or three words) for nothing, that, in order to, as if, as soon as, as soon as, because, because, before, at the same time, unless, since, so that , whereas, that is, just now and some others. Note.

The shortened version of the explanatory conjunction that is - i.e. is also written separately (without a hyphen).

Exercise 252. Explain the spelling of the highlighted words.

1. Having moved from a chair to a box that stood nearby, straightening his black-and-white beard, then wiping his gray mustache with his palm, Prykhor Kuzmin began to tell a fairy tale. (Perm.) - It so happened that in the three or four years that followed, my service duties prevented me from visiting the village. (T.) 2. Not a single letter had a St. Petersburg stamp. But from dear Moscow there are three at once. (Koptel.) - Why is Tatyana more guilty? Is it because in her sweet simplicity she knows no deception and believes in her chosen dream? (P.) 3. Now it was clear to everyone why the mysterious stranger appeared at the Simsky fisheries. (M.-S.) - There is no reason for you to return to Orenburg. You will fall into the hands of the rebels again. (I.) 4. Itik, this was the case “On the capture of retired British air force officer Sydney George Reilly.” (Nikul.) - It was already dark, and then there was fog in the lowlands. (Kazakev.) 5. Smetanin, sympathizing with Angelina, understanding her, helped her in the demolition of alien buildings and, having personally dug up the liberated land, also promised to personally plant it with cheerful bird cherry trees. (Perm.) - Grigory slouched in the same way as his father, even in their smile they both had a common, bestial quality. (Shol.)(o)i The ability to self-sacrifice is also a talent, you need to be born with it. (Yrosk.) - The bed against the wall is the same: the same two white pillows with stitching, the same white bedspread, the same sofa with flabby springs. (Smooth.)

7. Fedoseev barely restrained himself from responding to rudeness with rudeness. (Koptel.) - There is nothing in the world that could cover the Dnieper. (G.)

Exercise 253. Rewrite, opening the brackets.

1. These details should generally seem cloying; (and) so, I'll skip them. (P.) 2. What about mother? (behind) what happened? To Moscow, to the brides fair! 3. There was a special kind of strangeness about Foma Grigorievich: he hated to death to retell the same thing. (G.) 4. To tell the truth, that Pike has nothing to do with it! She didn’t swim here, (Mich.) 5. Suddenly they tell the Emperor over a direct wire that, well, so (and) so, the people in St. Petersburg are rioting.

(A.N.T.) 6. What kind of road this is can be judged at least (by) the fact that we drove along it only in frosty weather. (Mel.) 7. Everything around remained the same, everyone made the same noise during the wind of the forest and the stream twisted dark leaves in small whirlpools. (Paust.) 8. A week later, Galya died. She could not live without her mother even for a few days. (From) what she died, no one knew. (Paust.) 9. As if everything speaks for the fact that Yakushev is a convinced monarchist, (at the same time) an excellent organizer, a master of conspiracy.

(Nikul.)

10. The organizers of the explosion did everything in their power (to) give the explosion maximum destructive force. (Nikul.)

Exercise 254. Write out complex conjunctions, explaining their spelling.

1. The men were like men in any country - jackets and jackets, no options, just with darker faces than, say, somewhere in Norwegian Bergen or Scottish Glasgow. (Koch.) 2. Shulyakov prepared for other questions and, before answering, blinked his red eyelashes for a long time. (Lansk.) 3. Timidly, as if accidentally touched by someone, the bell rang in the entryway. (Kur>)

4. The freak seemed to understand the owner and smiled joyfully, that is, he bared his teeth and stuck out his tongue. (Kur) 5. Apparently, the situation at the front was serious, since neither old nor young were detained at the military registration and enlistment office. (Tyutyun.) 6. The June silence was freezing outside the door, and nothing disturbed it, except the distant, subtle rumble of the plane. (Tyutyun.) 7. Denis did not pay attention to this ridicule. It was difficult to anger him - except maybe poke him in the stomach with a red-hot piece of iron; (Tyutyun.) 8. He didn’t know how long Alekha slept, because he didn’t have a watch. (Ilyin) 9. What kind of fish got into it? I’ve lived my life, but I’ve never seen one like this, even though I’m hanging out on Kama all the time. (Ilyin)

10. Dunya will go to work, so they can live. (Ilyin) 11. Ivan did not show his confusion, he was ashamed of it, and believed that it would soon pass as soon as they finally received real rifles. (Ilyin)

Exercise 255. Rewrite, opening the brackets.

1. Sofya Nikolaevna has not yet had a single marriage, (that is) she has not received a single formal offer. (Ax.) 2. Senya’s death was not tragic, could not be so, (because) his life was tragic. (Zalig.) 3. The Advent was painted in one of the vestibules directly on the wooden wall. And because the wet tree was dripping, the Last Judgment seemed even more terrible: both the righteous and the sinners cried at it. (Stelm.) 4. Selkin walked (as if) there was no one in the corridor. (Od.) 5. In the village they wait for spring not only because it brings warmth and sun. (Prosk.)

6. Before (before) asking a question on the merits, Minaev liked to play an interlude of a purely educational nature. (Cool.) 7. Orysa felt childishly joyful, (as) she realized that the sun had penetrated the water and sparkled in it with bright reflections. (Tyutyun.) 8. It’s better to wait until the navigation opens. And (as) only after the May celebrations, which were quiet this year, Oka passed, Alexey went to Murzikha with the very first steamer. (Ilyin)

1. Seagulls are amazingly slender birds. With amazing ease they land on the water and (just as) easily rise into the air. (Ars.) 2. Semenov’s face was strange - there was no way to decipher it: sad and at the same time cunning. (Crumpled.) 3. Veretin immediately took off his bag, sat down on the ground and began to undress; Uncle Mizgir and Fufaev did the same. (Grieg.) 4. There was a wide black sofa, a round table, and three black chairs around the table near the wall. (Gorky)

5. And (so), there, deep behind German lines, the German felt that he could not stand it. (Fed.) 6. When Zubov went on a date with Staunitz, he had vague suspicions: (why) did Staunitz decide to return Birk’s money at a secluded dacha? (Nikul.) 7. Daev said the last phrase in a voice (as if) he was reading some kind of official document. (Lansk.) 8. As soon as the owner menacingly pronounced the word “rehearsal,” the Freak was thrown into heat and cold. (Kur-)

9. In his work, Yukhrim was liquid, like yushka, (for) he could quickly knead some kind of dispute. (Stelm.) 10. The church elder considers himself an extraordinary politician, because he looks into the newspaper that the priest subscribes to. (Stelm.) 11. The sky was overcast with pale clouds, (which is why) the water seemed gray. (Koptel.)