Typical grammatical errors in Russian. Grammar errors: how to avoid? Simple rules

Adjective

• In a composite predicate, you cannot simultaneously use the full and short forms of the adjective. Error example: Hero's life path heavy and tragic. vm Hero's life path heavy and tragic.
• Dependent words can only be in the short form of the adjective: Storyline interesting (NOT interesting !) at about many relationships.
• It is impossible to combine forms of comparative and superlative degree, as well as simple and composite forms of both degrees of comparison. Error example: This work worse vm This work even worse. The most capablestudentvm Most capable student.
• Forms on -enenin the modern language are uncommon, forms on -en: His contribution to the work was is significant (NOT significant !).

Numeral

• When declining composite quantitative numerals, all the words included in their composition should change: The circumference of the lake was about four hundred sixty five (NOT four hundred and sixty five !) meters.; when declining composite ordinal numbers, only the last word changes: This event took place at the beginning one thousand eight hundred and four (NOT eighty-four !) of the year.
• Collective numbers ( two three) and so on. should not be used with nouns denoting animals and females. Examples of errors: two chess playersvm two chess players threeharesvm three hare.
• Unacceptable use of the form bothwith feminine nouns (collective numeral bothhas two forms: for the male and the middle gender - both,for women - both): at of both (NOT at of both !) apartments both (NOT by both !) girlfriends.

Pronoun

• Erroneous formation of pronouns: theirs childvm them child, about him vm about him.
• Combinations for her, from herhave an archaic or colloquial character. Examples of errors: For herno namevm For herno name.
• 3rd person pronouns usually indicate the nearest noun. If this rule is not observed, ambiguity arises.
  Wrong:When Nilovnacarried proclamations with a speech  Paul her (whom - Nilovna or Paul’s speech?) captured by the police.
  Right:  Police grabbed Nilovnawhen she  carried proclamations with the speech of Paul.

  Wrong:  A meeting Chatsky  from Famusovdidn't bring him (to whom - Chatsky or Famusov?) nothing good.
  Right: Chatsky’s meeting with Famusov didn’t bring anything good to Alexander Alexandrovich.
  

• You can not replace the personal pronoun of the 3rd person plural nouns with collective meaning ( students, peasantry, peopleand so on.).
  Wrong: bureaucracy. Among them
  Right:  The comedy reveals a provincial bureaucracy. Among him  bribery, lawlessness, theft thrive.
• Pronouns hisand myselfindicate those who produce the action. If you forget about it, there is ambiguity:
  Wrong:Turgenev leads a heroto gradual awareness of their (whose - Turgenev or hero?) mistakes.
  Right:Turgenev  leads a hero  to the gradual realization of perfect them  mistakes.

  Wrong: Each of the landowners persuades Pavel Ivanovichgo to to myself. (to whom - to the landowner or to himself?)
  Right:  Each of the landowners suggests that Pavel Ivanovich come to him.

Verb

• Mistaken formation of verb forms: lays downvm lays, ridesvm rides.
• Verbs convince, win, feel, find oneselfand some others do not use the singular first person form. Instead, you can use constructions with an indefinite form of these verbs: I can to feel (but not i feel), i hope to conquer (but not i will run),i have to convince(but not i will run away).
• Suffix is \u200b\u200bnot allowed -yova- (-ivova-)instead -ova: summary results willowfallen(but not to summarize willowfallen)
• When using reflexive verbs, inaccuracies are possible associated with the non-distinction between the actual reflexive and passive voices of such verbs: are delayedin classrooms(are they being detained or are they themselves staying?). Ambiguity Resolution: After lectures, students often delayin classroomsor After lectures, students often remainin the audiences.
• We cannot allow discrepancies in the forms of time and the form of verbs.
  Wrong:A sensitive artist, he responds noted
  Right:A sensitive artist, he responds (responded)on the events of life and notes (noted)phenomena that are just emerging in it.

Participle

• The simultaneous use of suffixes is unacceptable -ova-and -em- (-im-): expl ovath processvm will explore eatth process.
• Do not lower the particle onin the participles formed from reflexive verbs: In the center of the story is a representative nascent (NOT nascent !) class of the bourgeoisie.
• The mismatch of the participle in time with the verb-predicate or with the surrounding vocabulary is unacceptable: At the meeting wererepresentatives of all districts, with the exception of two delegates, absent (NOT missing !) for good reason. The novel reveals the full depth of social inequality, dominant (NOT dominant !) at that time in Russia.
• The participle turnover should not include a definable noun. Error example: edited manuscriptthe editorvm edited by editor manuscript or manuscript, edited by the editor.
• Communion is usually adjacent directly to the definable noun (front or back). They should not be carried.
  Wrong:Mountain chain stretches from east to west consisting of many ridges.
  Right:  A range of mountain ranges stretches from east to west. Or: A mountain range consisting of many ridges, stretches from east to west.

Communion

• Verb-predicate and participle should not denote the actions of different persons or objects.
  Wrong:Expressing in songs, fairy tales, epics the dream of a happy share, by the people were created
  Right:Expressing  in songs, fairy tales, epics the dream of a happy share, people createdworks of great depth and strength.
• Within the limits of one sentence, the use of germs of a different kind and time is unacceptable.
  Wrong:Reading article and noting
  Right: Reading   article and noting  the necessary material, I always make statements.(or After reading   article and noting… )
• The use of germs in a passive design is unacceptable.
  Wrong:In the picture depictedboy wide spread apartlegs and restedhands to your knees.
  Right:In the picture depictedboy wide placedlegs and hardenedhands to your knees.

Types of Grammar Errors

1.

• Prepositions according, contrary, thanks, contrary  used with D. p. (not R. p.)

ERROR: scheduled i am   contrary to order but

• Misuse of the case form of the noun with the preposition

• Remember the mistakes

On arrival, on care, on departure

Upon completion, upon return, upon completion

NORM: upon arrival, upon arrival

• Misuse of the case form of the noun with the preposition

• Software preposition may be used locally. 1 and 2 liters. in p.p.

NORMA: miss us, you.

• Misuse of the case form of the noun with the preposition

• Skipping the preposition.

On water, earth and air  - everywhere we

reserved. (in the air)

• The meaning of the preposition.

Thanks  weather we stayed at home.

(due, due)

• Misuse of the case form of the noun with the preposition

• Management is prepositional (faith in victory) and unlimited (inhibit progress).

The error occurs when the wrong choice

case or preposition.

ERROR: peculiar to us,

confidence in victory, the problem of protection.

• 2.

• Mistakes in sentences, the subordinate part of which begins with the union words CTO, NOBODY.

WHO AND NOBODY are used with verbs sing.

Those, who have been in the city  could not help but admire

Those  who have been to the city could not help but admire

by the sea.

• Loss of communication between subject and predicate

• The predicate should be plural if it is expressed by adj. or reason.

ERROR: A number of scenes in the play are true and

interesting.

• Loss of communication between subject and predicate

• The predicate should be plural if there are 2,3,4 in the subject

ERROR: Three books lie on the table.

• Loss of communication between subject and predicate

• The predicate, standing after the homogeneous subject, should be plural

ERROR: Industry and agriculture are developing steadily.

• Loss of communication between subject and predicate

• If collected. does not have controlled words, the predicate should be in units

• 3. Violation in the construction of the proposal with an uncoordinated application

• The names of works, paintings, films, enclosed in quotation marks, do not change if there is a narits. - genre designation.

ERROR: In the movie "War and Peace"

S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• Violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application

• If Nar. missing, then the proper name is changed.

ERROR: In “War and Peace” S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• 4.

• If homogeneous predicates have one dependent word, it is necessary to check whether they can control it.

ERROR: During the war, the people hoped and

believed in victory.

(hoping for victory)

• Mistake in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

• Violation of the homogeneity of concepts.

The slope of the mountain, along which we descended and covered with dense ferns, was very steep.

He remembered the taiga and how he hunted for a bear.

I love soccer and swimming.

His findings are simple and understandable.

• Mistake in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

• You cannot change double alliances.

ERROR: Well answered as young men, and

also girls.

• It is necessary to check the place of homogeneous members in double unions.

ERROR: I not only read newspapers, but also magazines.

• Mistake in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

• You can not mix the generic and species concepts, combine incompatible.

In the boat lay crucians, carp, fish.

He came with his wife and a bad mood.

• Mistake in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

• Violation of the case forms of the generalizing word and mono-members

ERROR: The meeting was attended by representatives of three countries: England, France, Italy.

• 5.

• Deprich.vorot cannot be used if the action expressed by the verb-predicate and the action expressed by the reprich. Refer to different persons.

ERROR: Using the calculator, the calculation is quick.

• Incorrect sentence construction with participial turnover

• Deprich.vorot cannot be used in an impersonal sentence

ERROR: Walking in the evening, I did not say hello.

• Incorrect sentence construction with participial turnover

• Deprich.vorot cannot be used in a sentence with a passive construction.

ERROR: Having delivered the necessary medications, the aircraft will be examined by technicians.

• Incorrect sentence construction with participial turnover

• Error in the inconsistency of the species form of the verb and gerimony.

ERROR: Meeting with the grandmaster, the young chess player won.

• 6.

• Gap of a turn of a definite word.

ERROR: Mom’s cooked pancakes were delicious.

• Infringement in the construction of sentences with the participle turnover

• Violation of coordination reason. with a definable word.

ERROR: We are proud of the players who defeated the English team.

• Infringement in the construction of sentences with the participle turnover

• Replacing the participles with valid ones.

ERROR: The task performed by us is not difficult.

• You can not use in the subordinate part of the pronoun 1 and 2 persons.
• ERROR: The student said that I was not ready yet.

• Improper construction of sentences with indirect speech

• Redundancy of Unions

ERROR: He was constantly asked whether he would complete the work he had begun.

He asked where his things were.

• In the story “The Founder," Chekhov condemns idleness.
• He loved and was fond of reading.
• Great care must be taken for children.
• A deskmate asked who would go with me to football.
• came to our city, admired its provincial simplicity.
• The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered in snow.
• After resting a little, the work began to be performed faster.

Check yourself  I am

1. In the story "The Leader" Chekhov condemns idleness.

violation in the construction of a proposal with an uncoordinated application

2. He loved and was fond of reading.

mistake in constructing sentences with homogeneous members

3. Great care must be taken for children.

misuse of a case noun with a preposition

4. A deskmate asked who would go play football with me.

incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

5. Whoever came to our city, admired its provincial simplicity.

violation of communication between subject and predicate

6. The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered in snow.

violation in the construction of sentences with the participle turnover

7. Having rested a bit, the work began to be performed faster.

violation in the construction of the sentence with participial circulation

Grammatical mistakes are made even by competent people. It is easy to see that some of the rules of the Russian are not difficult, while others regularly stumble on the majority. The point is not so much that these rules are complex. Rather, they are simply inconvenient, and some have so many exceptions and application features that their presentation takes a whole sheet - it seems that they cannot be learned without being an academician.

Consider the most common mistakes in the Russian language, committed not by schoolchildren, but rather by competent people.

What is considered a grammatical error?

A grammatical error is a violation of a generally accepted established norm. Grammar are any errors related to word formation (for example, the wrong suffix was used), morphology (for example, incorrect verb declension), syntax (for example, inconsistent with the main sentence

Grammatical errors should be distinguished from spelling or speech.

The most common mistakes are related to punctuation:

1. Many people are accustomed to marking “however” with commas and are very surprised when Word emphasizes the comma after it as an error. More attentive ones notice that a comma after “however” is considered a mistake only when it is at the beginning of a sentence. Indeed, if the meaning of this word is similar to “nevertheless”, “nonetheless”, and it is in the middle of the sentence, then it is considered an introductory one, and it should be separated by commas. If it means “but”, as, for example, in the sentence “However, she did not understand him” (\u003d “But she did not understand him”), then there is no need to put a comma.

2. Often there is confusion with the signs "dashes" and "colon". Many, when confronted with a union that is missing, intuitively understand that a more “solid” sign is needed than a comma. But which one? The rule is actually quite simple. It is necessary to choose the most appropriate words instead of the missed union.

If the meaning of such words as “what”, “namely,” is appropriate, then you need to put a colon. A colon is also placed if the first sentence ends in words denoting perception and suggesting that a description will follow them. These may be words: see, understand, feel, etc.

I remember (what): it was evening, a quiet flute played.

He was a complex person (namely): hot-tempered, biliary, sullen.

I recognized him right away: (because) he wore one yellow boot.

I see: a barge is floating, it has a barefooted boy, tanned, unfamiliar, but sparkles with a smile and in the next second waves my hand.

If you can insert words such as "a", "but", "and", "as if", "this", "therefore", "as if", then you need to use a dash.

He stepped widely (and) - his pants were torn.

Overseas heifers (this) - half, but a rupe transported.

The wind blew - (therefore) groaned, the old boron creaked.

A dash is also given when the words “if” or “when” can be added at the beginning of a sentence.

(When) I thought of Grisha - he is right there.

(If) I get a fee - let's wave to the sea!

Grammatical errors related to morphology

Difficulties cause “nn” in suffixes (although everyone remembers glass, tin, wooden), it is especially difficult to deal with the double “n” in dialects. And also many are embarrassed by the use of particles no / none. A lot of educated people, imperceptibly for themselves, are mistaken in management. What is right, "control" or "control"? The confusion between them is another popular grammar mistake. Example:

• quality control of performance;
• control over the execution of the order;
• water level control.

Which option is correct? All. This or that type of control in this case is selected depending on the features of the subsequent word. For example, "control" is used before verbal nouns (execute - execution). There are other subtleties.

This article does not mention all common grammatical errors. It is entirely possible to learn not to commit them by learning the rules. We hope that we were able to demonstrate that the knowledge of the secrets of the mother tongue is fascinating, and sometimes a superficial acquaintance with the rule is enough to realize all its logic and expediency. We also hope that you have noticed options for using the above rules in the article itself, and not just under the headings "examples".

Grammatical errors occur when the rules of the Russian language are not respected, which sometimes gives the speech an unflattering sound. We cannot always convey to the interlocutor a beautifully stated thought if we allow such inaccuracies in oral and written speech. By remembering the rules, in speech turns you can avoid the occurrence of grammatical errors in order to speak or write beautifully, elegantly and expressively. A grammatical error is the weakest point in completing assignments in the Russian language, so in this article we will consider them in more detail.

Bit of theory

Grammatical errors are errors in the structures of linguistic units, in the structures of words, phrases, sentences. They also include violations of one grammar or another. norms: morphological,  derivational or syntactic. Below you can look at the table in detail, where options for such a violation as a grammatical error are indicated. Study examples of misuse of words and their combinations carefully. Try to remember the simple rules that will come in handy in later life when building beautiful dialogs.

Grammatical errors

Studying the grammatical norms of the language and cases of their violation will allow you to make your speech more accurate and expressive. Your cultural level as a native speaker will increase. Indeed, beautiful, pure speech, in compliance with all the rules and norms of the literary language, is logical, rich, clean and harmonious. Believe me, in conversation and in writing, grammatical errors (and any other) do not look very decent, so remember the simple rules and try to speak and write beautifully!