How to perform morphemic parsing of a verb. Brief description and morphological analysis of the verb. After breakfast we had to hit the road straight away.

is an analysis of a part of speech from the point of view of its categories and use in writing and conversation. Words denoting actions are one of the most difficult parts of speech, which has a number of characteristics. They need to be studied in detail before analyzing the verbs.

The morphological analysis of the verb will help you avoid getting confused in the criteria and grammatical features of this part of speech.

The analysis is done in the following order:

1. Indicate the part of speech and information about what it means.
2. Write down the initial form (infinitive).
3. Determine morphological characteristics. They are divided into two groups.

Permanent:

• type – definitions of type based on the criteria of completion of an action. There are two groups: perfective (words answer the question “what to do?”) and imperfect (“what to do?” and all forms of this question). There are also two species, to which both questions apply;
• transitivity - type of compatibility with a dependent noun or pronoun;
• reflexivity is determined by the presence in the word of a postfix -sya or -sya, which indicates the direction of action on the one who speaks. If there are such suffixes, then the presence of reflexivity is determined; if there is no suffix, then this type is non-reflexive;
• words that denote action have conjugated and inconjugated forms.

Important! The inconjugates are the infinitive, participle and gerund. Conjugates are personal and impersonal.

Variable characteristics (change in context):

• mood. There are 3 options for this criterion. Indicative is an ordinary action. Subjunctive - words that express assumption, doubt, condition (used with the particle b (would)). The imperative contains a call to action, a request, an order;
• time: past (what did I do? what did I do?), present (what am I doing?) or future (what am I doing? what will I do?). In the future tense, you can determine the form: simple or compound;
• number – singular or plural;
• : first – me and us; second – you and you; third – he, she, it and they;
• gender is determined in all tenses except the present;
• the role played by the word being analyzed in a sentence.

This scheme takes into account all grammatical categories of the verb and characterizes it taking into account all the characteristics. Proper adherence to the order of description of categories helps not to miss a single important aspect.

There are several exceptional features that need to be taken into account when analyzing a verb:

• Impersonal forms have no face or number;
• all reflexive verbs belong to intransitive verbs;
• the conjugation helps determine the suffix before – ь;
• It is worth considering the context: sometimes the word is used in an indirect meaning. For example, in the sentence “I went!” action refers to the past tense, which is used to mean the future.

Important! These features must be taken into account so as not to make a mistake when parsing a verb as a part of speech.

Sample morphological analysis of a verb

Let us give an example of a morphological analysis of the verb “wrote”. Context – sentence: “Marina yesterday wrote a sad and long letter to her friend, whom she had not seen for a very long time due to a sudden separation.”

Wrote – part of speech: verb. Grammatical meaning - the word denotes an action, answers the question “what did you do?”

Initial – write (question – what to do?).

Constant morphological characteristics:

1. view – imperfect, completed action (what did you do?);
2. type – irrevocable (no suffix);
3. transition. Wrote (what?) a letter;
4. belongs to the 1st conjugation.

Variable morphological characteristics:

• indicative form (ordinary action);
• past tense (event happened in the past);
• singular (Marina – one);
• third person (she);
• feminine

In a sentence, the verb is the predicate. It must be emphasized accordingly - with two straight lines.

We already know how to parse a verb. A similar analysis is carried out by specialized online services. They work on the principle of automated analysis. The user enters the required word, and the system automatically determines its grammatical characteristics.

Such analysis is carried out quickly and provides correct information in 90% of cases. The advantage of such an analysis is that it recognizes word forms and offers several options for morphological analysis.

Useful video

Let's sum it up

The disadvantage of this method of analyzing grammatical features is the isolation from the context. The system does not determine the role in the sentence and does not take into account the possibility of figurative meaning. The best way to use this method is to use online analysis to check the analysis you have done yourself.

" (table) " ", return

Morphological analysis of the verb(analysis under number 3)

Notes:

1. A transitive verb is combined with a direct object in the accusative case without a preposition (to make fun of whom? a poor student; to plant what? roses), but from an intransitive verb it is impossible to pose a question in this way (to run what? where? to school).

Intransitive verbs are combined with objects using a preposition.

1. Reflexive verbs have the suffix –sya (-s). All reflexive verbs are intransitive.
2. Perfective verbs (PV) answer the question what to do? (and NSV - what to do?)
3. The first conjugation includes verbs ending in –et, –at(-yat), –sti, –zti, –ch; Conjugation II includes verbs ending in –it and 13 exception verbs.

Easier determine the conjugation by the second person. Verbs of the first conjugation always have the ending -eat (you lift - I sp., look - II sp.)

The verbs want and run are heterogeneously conjugated

1. Conditional (subjunctive) mood - for verbs with a particle would. The imperative mood of the verb denotes a request, an order. If there is neither one nor the other – indicative mood.
2. Time. The future tense can be simple (for SV verbs: I will write, I will say...) and complex (for NSV verbs: I will write, I will speak...)
3. Verbs change by person only in the present and future tense (I, you, he..), they also change by number.
4. Past tense verbs change by number (wrote - wrote), and in the singular also by gender (wrote - wrote).
5. Impersonal verbs are verbs that express actions and states that occur on their own, without their producer. With such verbs, the use of a subject is impossible: it is getting dark, it is dawning.

Examples of morphological analysis of a verb

(wanted) warn- verb, initial form to warn;

constant signs: transition, non-return, NE, I reference;

inconstant signs: in the form of the infinitive;

syntactic role: the main part of the compound verbal predicate.

(will) grow- verb, initial form to grow;

permanent signs: transition, non-return, NSV, I reference;

inconsistent signs: withdrawn. incl., complex. future tense, 1st person, singular;

let him know- verb, initial form to know;

permanent signs: transition, non-return, NSV, I reference;

inconstant signs: in command. incl., 3rd person, unit. number;

syntactic role: predicate.

Wait- verb, initial form wait;

permanent signs: transition, non-return, NE, I reference;

inconsistent signs: led. incl., 2nd person, plural number;

syntactic role: predicate.

would come in- verb, initial login form;

constant signs: non-transition, non-return, NE, I reference;

non-permanent signs: in conditional terms. nakl., pr. vr., male kind, units number;

syntactic role: predicate.

dawn- verb, initial form of dawn;

constant signs: non-transition, non-return, NSV, I reference;

inconsistent signs: withdrawn. incl., present time, impersonal (used in the form of 3 l., unit);

syntactic role: predicate.

washed his face- verb, initial form to wash;

constant signs: non-transition, return, NE, I reference;

inconsistent signs: withdrawn. inc., past time, male, unit h.;

syntactic role: predicate.

Syntactic functions of the infinitive:

1. The subject can be an independent infinitive. It usually stands before the predicate and is separated from it by a dash (pause). Reading this book is a pleasure.
2. The infinitive, which is part of the predicate, denotes the action of the person named as the subject. I will talk to him. We won't try to persuade you.
3. The infinitive adverbial of purpose refers to the verbal predicate denoting movement. I came (for what purpose?) to demand justice.
4. Infinitive - complement denotes the action of another person or not named at all. My brother asked me (about what?) to translate the text.
5. Infinitive - a definition stands after the noun being defined and answers the question which? He had a desire (what?) to understand the other person.

Enter the word without errors:

Enter any word, then click "parse". After this, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because Since the parsing is carried out out of context, several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. The parsing is performed automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is intended to help, and not for thoughtless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service and use it in the future.

In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically remember the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on identifying the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the specific features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic must be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will help you understand the pattern of parsing words in a sentence in the Russian language. However, it should be remembered that the presence of text is a prerequisite for correct parsing of parts of speech, because morphological parsing is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Let's consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
2. proper or common noun;
3. animate or inanimate;
4. declination
5. number;
6. case;
7. role in the sentence.

Noun(sample parsing):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk – noun, initial form – milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, accusative case, singular (no plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

1. initial form – infinitive (nominative case, singular);
2. category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
3. short or complete (only about qualitative);
4. degree of comparison (qualitative only);
5. gender (singular only);
6. case;
7. number;
8. role in the sentence.

Adjective(sample parsing):
Text: Alyonushka collected a basket full of mushrooms.
Full – adjective, initial form – complete; qualitative: complete; in the positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an addition.

Numeral(order of parsing):

1. initial form (nominative case for quantitative, nominative case, singular, masculine for ordinal);
2. rank by value (quantitative, ordinal);
3. category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
4. case;
5. gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative ones);
6. role in the sentence.

Numeral (sample parsing):
Text: Four days have flown by.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(order of parsing):

1. initial form (nominative case, singular, if modified by number and gender);
2. rank by value;
3. gender (if any);
4. case
5. number (if any);
6. role in the sentence.

Pronoun (sample parsing):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from her.
She - pronoun, initial form - she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive case, singular, adverbial place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

1. infinitive (initial form);
2. returnable or non-returnable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. conjugation;
5. mood;
6. tense (for the indicative mood);
7. person (for present, future and imperative);
8. gender (for the past tense and conditional mood in the singular);
9. number;
10. role in the sentence.

Verb (parsing example):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - verb, initial form - say, irrevocative, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Communion(order of parsing):

1. initial form (nominative case, singular, masculine);
2. infinitive;
3. time;
4. returnable or non-returnable (for valid);
5. transitive or intransitive (for active);
6. full or short (for the passive);
7. gender (for singular);
8. case;
9. number;
10. role in the sentence.

Participle (sample parsing):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb to fall, imperfect form, present tense, irreversible, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

Participle(order of parsing):

1. verb from which it is derived;
2. returnable or non-returnable;
3. transitive or intransitive;
4. role in the sentence.

Participle (sample of parsing):

Text: When you go abroad, you feel sad about home.
Leaving – gerund, from the verb “to leave”, imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, adverbial manner of action.

Adverb(order of parsing):

1. category by meaning (attributive or adverbial);
2. degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing example):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds cleared.
Above is an adverb, adverbial of place, is an adverb of place, comparative degree.

Video

Is there anything unclear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of analysis in your class may differ from the proposed one, so we advise you to check with your teacher about the requirements for analysis.

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Verb parsing examples

Do you like to ride – love and carry a sleigh(proverb).

Do you love

What are you doing?

N. f. – love. Morphological characteristics: A) Constant morphological characteristics: 1) imperfect appearance; 2) non-refundable; 3) transitional; 4) II conjugation. B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form: 1) indicative mood; 2) present tense; 3) singular; 4) 2nd person.

Ride

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?

N. f. – ride. Morphological characteristics: A) Constant morphological characteristics: 1) imperfect appearance; 2) returnable; 3) intransitive; 4) I conjugation. B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the infinitive form (unchangeable form).

In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Love

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what are you doing?

N. f. – love. Morphological characteristics: A) Constant morphological characteristics: 1) imperfect appearance; 2) non-refundable; 3) transitional; 4) II conjugation. B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form: 1) imperative mood; 2) singular; 3) 2nd person.

In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Describe the verb as a part of speech. Give the concept of conjugated and non-conjugated verb forms. From the highlighted sentences, select all verb forms and determine which of them are conjugated and which are non-conjugated.

Perform a morphological analysis of the wordoccupied .

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?

N. f. – occupy. Morphological characteristics: A) Constant morphological characteristics: 1) imperfect appearance; 2) returnable; 3) intransitive; 4) I conjugation. B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form: 1) indicative mood; 2) past tense; 3) singular.

Prepare a fragment of a Russian language lesson illustrating techniques for analyzing the phenomenon of transitivity in the system of parts of speech based on the use of psychological mechanisms and pedagogical patterns of students’ knowledge acquisition. Describe the phenomenon of transitivity in the system of parts of speech as a way of replenishing the lexical and grammatical categories of words. Develop creative tasks that demonstrate the text-forming role of the verb in narrative texts, show the methodology for carrying them out at school based on the psychological mechanisms and pedagogical patterns of students’ knowledge acquisition. Determine whether the selected words belong to a certain part of speech, perform a morphological analysis of the word cute .

Objective of the lesson:

1) give an idea of ​​the phenomena of transitivity in the system of parts of speech.

2) teach to distinguish the transition of one part of speech to another.

3) practicing the ability to find.

Lesson progress

1. Teacher:

On April 12, 1961, a great event occurred. On this day, our country successfully carried out a human flight into space. It was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, our compatriot. Today we will talk about the flight of Yuri Gagarin in class. Write down the number in your notebooks, great job. Let's start with the dictionary. Write it down: vocabulary work.

Verb. The teacher will show the example for the children for the first time, and later they will be able to easily carry it out themselves. In order to correctly complete this task, you need to know what features the verb has, the characteristics it has, its role in various types of sentences.

Where to start?

In order to correctly analyze a verb, you need to know its difference from other parts of speech. It adds dynamism to speech, makes it “move”, creating various images. Without him it would have been very difficult for us. Try to talk about the events of one day without using verbs. Is it difficult? Without a doubt. After all, it is the verb that gives expressiveness and movement to our story. Of course, we can try to make do with only nouns, but apart from naming the events that took place during the day, we will not be able to say anything.

When you take on the morphological analysis of which we will write later, first learn to determine its initial form. Otherwise it is called an infinitive. For example, let’s find out what it is like for the verb “run away”. To do this, we ask a question to this form - what are they doing? Now we can easily define the infinitive by asking “what to do?” Run away. This is its initial form. Thus, we conclude that the infinitive is determined by the following questions: “what to do?” or “what should I do?”

Conjugation

Let's continue to figure out how to do morphological analysis of a verb. To do this, remember that each part of speech has its own special characteristics. Those that never change are called constant. These include conjugation (1 and 2), aspect (perfect and imperfect), as well as transitivity. Let's look at them in more detail.

Conjugation, which is a change in verbs by number (singular or plural) and person (there are three of them), is easy to determine. (of the verb in this case) presupposes the ability to distinguish the first conjugation from the second.

Usually they start with an explanation about the second conjugation. Note that most often it is defined by an indefinite form. The rule is that verbs of the second conjugation end in "it". There are, of course, exceptions here: this list is eleven words long. The first includes all the others: “eat”, “ot”, “at” and others. But not with “it.” There are only two exceptions in this group: shaving and laying.

In percussive forms they look at personal endings. If this is 1 reference, then -et (-eat, -ete, etc.) in the singular, -ut(yut) in the plural. In the second it is different: in the singular there will be -it, and in the plural -at(yat).

Transitivity

The following constant sign will tell you how to proceed with the morphological analysis of the verb. There are verbs that are both transitive and non-transitive. It is not always easy to determine which of them a word belongs to. Here the rule is the following: look at the phrase. If a verb is used without a preposition, and even with a noun that will be in the accusative case, then it is transitive.

Examples: crossing the road, ironing trousers. In both examples there is no preposition and noun. are in Vin. case. Not to be confused with the example of “put in hand”. Here the preposition indicates a lack of transitivity.

It is worth remembering words with the suffix “sya” (so-called reflexive verbs). They are never transitional.

View

This is the next feature that does not change for verbs. There are also two of them.

The imperfective form is different both in meaning and grammatically. It is determined by the question “what to do?” Such verbs are characterized by the incompleteness of the action. For example, running, walking, gluing - they all denote a process. It is unknown whether it will be completed, since it is still ongoing.

Based on the definition, the perfect form includes verbs denoting a completed process. Run, Go, Glue - thanks to prefixes, these words now have a completed action.

Knowing these features, we figured out how to make a morphological analysis of a verb based on its constant features. Now let's move on to others.

Inclination as a fickle sign

The verb is a special group in the Russian language. It has many signs, both constant and those that can change. The morphological analysis of which will be given a little later will be supplemented with another distinctive feature. In addition to number (singular and plural), person (1, 2 and 3) and tense, it has a mood.

• Indicative.

The most common and numerous group. It includes words that do not differ in any special features. Can be used in all tenses and numbers: flying, arriving, found.

• Imperative.

When we ask someone for something, we often use verbs of this mood: come, draw, tell. That is, we command, which literally means an order. If we are addressing a group of people or an older person, then we will ask politely, addressing you: do it, think, wake up. So we simply add the plural suffix "those".

• Conditional.

It is easy to distinguish him from others thanks to the inseparable particle “would”: he would have remained silent, he would have published, he would have studied. This mood requires some condition, that’s why it’s called that.

Plan

Knowing about all the features, we can create for ourselves a sample of the morphological analysis of the verb.

1. Indefinite (also called initial) form.

2. Constant signs (those that do not change under any conditions):

• conjugation (by ending or infinitive);
• transitivity.

3. Non-permanent signs (can change the word):

• mood (we define tense for the indicative, the others do not have it);
• number;
• gender (we define it only in the past tense);
• face.

4. verbs in this sentence.

Using this plan, you can safely make a morphological analysis of the verb. Example: Petya was in a hurry to go to class.

1) Start form: hurry.

2) 1 spr, nesov. kind, intransitive.

3) Indicative, singular, masculine, third person.

4) In a sentence it serves as the main member, the predicate.